小学英语语法基础习题六 25页

小学英语语法基础习题六35形容词和副词一一比较级当我们将一个人或物与另一个人或物进行比较时我们就用比较级。某构成是形容词和副词的比较级形或+than.ADJETIVES形容词多数单音节和双音节的形容词加“er”构成比较级。It"swarm.It’swarmerthanyesterday.Yesterdaywascoolerthantoday.今天暖和。今天比昨天暖和。昨天比今天冷。Janeistall.SheistallerthanJoe.JoeisshorterthanI.简长得高。她比乔高。乔比简矮。有些形容词以辅音加“y”结尾，把“y”改成“i”加“er”。Sheisahappyperson.SheishappierthanI.她是一个乐观的人。她比我乐观。许多单音节形容词双写末尾的辅咅。Theyhaveabighouse.It’sbiggerthanmine.他们有一所大房子。它比我们的大。一些双元音和多音节形容词，用“more”“less”构成比较级。I’mcareful.I’mmorecarefulthanyou.You"relesscarefulthanI.我认真。我比你认真。你不如我认真。Mybookisinteresting.It"smoreinterestingthanyours.Yoursislessinterestingthanmine.我的书很有趣。它比你的书有趣。你的书没我的书有趣。有些形容词的比较级不规则It"sagoodday.It"sbetterthanyesterday.今天天气好。比昨天好。It’sabadday.It"sworsethanyesterday.今天天气不好。比昨天还不好。ADWERBS副词只有可分级的副词才能有比较级，如daily,only,then不可分级，则没有比较级。Joecameearly.Hecameearlierthan1.1camelaterthanJoe.乔来得早。他比我来得早。我比乔来得晚。Ieatslowly.Ieatmoreslowlythanyou.YoueatmorequicklythanI.我吃得慢。我比你吃得慢。你比我吃得快。 有几个副词的比较级形式特殊。Youplaybaseballwell.Youplaybetterthan1.1playbaseballbadly.Iplayworsethanyou.你棒球玩得好。你比我玩得好。我玩得不好。我比你玩得差。ADJECTIVESANDADVERBS形容词与副词要比较两件事件或两个人间的类似雷同情况，在形容词和副词前后用“as”。JaneisastallasPeter.JackierunsquicklyasMike.简和彼得一样高。杰凯和迈克一样快。1.Alice’shairislongerthanPat"s.爱丽丝的头发比帕特的长。2.Thislessonislessdifficultthanthatone.这课没有那课难。这课更简单。3.Theblackboxisaslargeasthewhitebox.黑盒子和百盒子一样大。4.HenryisabetterstudentthanhisbrotherDon.和他的弟弟唐比起来，亨利是更好的学生。5.SarahisaworsemusicianthanLarry.和拉里比起来拉萨是个糟糕的咅乐家。6.Theplanearrivedearlierthantheboat.飞机比船到得早。7.Dogsrunmoreslowlythanhorses.狗比马跑得慢。 1.KayplayschessbetterthanPaul.凯比比保罗T棋卜得好。PracticeA川完整的句子回答问题。1.DoesSamrunmorequicklythanSandra?SamrunsasquicklyasSandra..2.Aregiraffestallerorshorterthanlions?3.IsLucyolderoryoungerthanSteve?4.Isthehouseontheleftlargerorsmallerthanthehouseontheright?5.DoesRicharddohishomeworkfasterormoreslowlythanhissister/6.Doyouusuallygethomeearlierorlaterthanyourhusband?7.Whichrunslessquickly,aturtleoracar?8.IsCarol"sbagheavierorlighterthanRobert’ssuitcase?9.Istheblackcarnewerorolderthanthewhitecar?10.Whoistaller,LeeorAnn?36形容词和副词一一最高级形容词形容词最高级前用定冠词the，用于比较三个以上的人或事物。一些单音节和双音节的形容词前面加-est构成最高级形式。以e结尾的形容词加st才构成最高级形式。Thatstreetiswide.那个街道宽。Itiswiderthanmystreet.它比我住的那条街宽。It’sthewideststreetofall.它是最宽的街。 一接双音节和所有三音节形容词的最高级形式前加themost或theleast。Joeisintelligent.乔聪明。JayismoreintelligentthanJoe.JoeislessintelligentthanJay.杰伊比乔聪明。乔不如杰伊聪明。Jimisthemostintelligentofall.Joeistheleastintelligentofall.吉姆是最聪明的。乔是最不聪明的。一些形容词有特殊的最商级形式。Sheisagoodteacher.她是个好老师。He’sabadstudent.他是个差学生。Shesabetterteacherthanjane.和简比，她是个好老师。He’saworsestudentthanAl.他是比埃尔还差的学生。She’sthebestteacherintheschool.她是学校里最好的老师。He’stheworsestudentintheschool.他是学校里最差的学生。副词副词最髙级形式的构成和形容词一样。Suearrivedearly.苏到得早。Youdrivecarefully.你幵车小心。Suearrivedearlierthanyou.苏比你到得早。YoudrivemorecaretullythanJack.你比杰克开车小心。Suearrivedtheearliestofall.苏到得最早。Youdrivethemostcarefu11yofall.你开车最小心。一些副词有特殊的最高级形式。 AnndanceswelI.安跳得好。Anndancesthebestofall.安比戴夫跳得好。Davedancesbadly.戴夫跳得不好。DavedancesworsethanAnn.戴夫比安跳得差。Davedancestheworstofall.戴夫跳得很差。1.Herearethreecircles.Thefirstcircleislargerthanthesecondcircle.Thesecondcircleissmallerthanthefirstcircleandislargerthanthethirdcircle.Thefirstcircleandthethirdcircleisthesmallestofthethree.这有三个圆。第一个圆比第二个圆大。第二个圆比第一个圆小，比第三个圆大。第一个圆是最大的，第三个圆是最小的。2.Thefirstcatisthinnerthanthesecondcat.Thesecondcatisthinnerthanthethirdcat.Thethirdcatisthethinnestofall.第一只猫比第二只猫瘦。笫二只猫比第三只猫瘦。第三只猫是所有猫中最胖的。第一只猫是所有猫中最瘦的。3.PeterisabettercookthanJean.JaneisabettercookthanCarl.Carlistheworstcookofall,andPeteristhebest.彼得烧菜比吉恩好。吉恩烧菜比卡罗好。卡罗是烧菜最差的，彼得是最好的。4.Bicyclesarelessexpensivethancars.Carsarelessexpensivethantrucks.Trucksarethemostexpensive,andbicyclesaretheleastexpensiveofthethree.自行车比小汽车便宜。小汽车比卡车便宜。卡车是三个中最贵的，自行车是三个中最便宜的。5.IntheUnitedStates,JanuaryandFebruaryarethecoldestmonthsoftheyear,andJulyandAugustarethehottest.在美国，一月和二月是一年屮最冷的月份。七月和八月是最热的月份Practice用完整的句子回答问题。1.Whichcircleisthelargest? Whichoneisthesmallest?Thesecondcircleisthelargest,andthefirstoneisthesmallest.1.Whichisthelargestanimalofthethree?2.Whichonetravelsthefastest:abus,atrain,oraplane?3.IntheUnitedStates,areJulyandAugustthecoldestorthehottestmonthsoftheyear?4.Whoistheworstcookofthethree?5.Whichoneistheleastexpensive?6.Whowrotethemostletters?7.Whichstreetisthewidest?8.Whichanimalisthemostquiet?9.Whichpersonistheleasthappy?VOCABULARAugustcirclefatintelligentJulymonthquiettruckyearbestexpensiveFebruaryleastmostthinworst37will形式的将来时——肯定句will形式的将来吋表达一个简单的将来行为，许诺或决定。它的构成是will加动词原形。Theteacherwilltellyoutomorrow.老师明天将会告诉你。Wellseeyouatseveno"clock.我们将在七点钟见你WiII形式的将來时 完整形式缩写形式单数复数单数S数第一人称IwillwalkwewillwalkI"llwalkwellwalk第二人称youwillwalkyouwillwalkyou"llwalkyou"llwalk第三人称hewillwalkshewillwalkitwillwalktheywillwalkhe’llwalkshe"llwalk it"llwalkthey"llwalk1.TomorrowPhilwillgetupatseveno"clock.明天菲尔要起点起床。2.Firsthe"llwashhishandsandface.首先他要洗手洗脸。3.Nexthe’llbrushhisteeth.然后他要刷牙。4.Thenhe’llcombhishair.再G，他要梳头 1.Thenhe"llgetdressed.而后，他要穿衣服。2.Atseventhirtyhe’llhavebreakfast.七点三十分，他要吃早餐。3.Hisbrotherandsisterwillhavebreakfastwithhim.他的兄弟姐妹要和他一起吃早餐。4.Ateighto"clockhe"llleaveforwork.八点，他要去上班。5.HeandIwillprobablymeetonthecornernearhishome.他和我可能在他家附近的拐角处见面。6.Ifit"sraining,we’lltakethebustowork.如果下雨，我们会坐公车去上班。7.Iftheweatherisgood,wellwalk.如果天气好，我们会走着去。8.We’llarriveattheofficeataboutaquartertonine.大约八点三十分我们会到办公室。9.He"llprobablyhavelunchalone.他可能会独自吃午餐。10.Atfiveo’clockwe"llgohome.五点钟我们会回家。PracticeA将句子变成将来吋。将“this”改成“next”，将“every”改成“tomorrow”。 1.We’restudyingEnglishthisyear.We’llstudyEnglishnextyear.2.She"sgoingtoEnglishclassthismonth.3.Izmagoodstudentthisweek.4.Theyeatlunchwithuseveryafternoon.5.Shesitsnexttomeinschooleveryevening.6.Hemeetsmeonthecornereverymorning.7.Theyeatdinnerinarestauranteveryevening.8.IzmgettingussomesoftdrinksthisSaturday.9.Hebrusheshisteethandcombshishaireverymorning.10.Youwalktoschooleverymorning.B用完整的句子回答问题。1.Whattimewillyougetuptomorrow?2.Whattimewillyouhavebreakfast?3.Willyouhavebreakfastaloneorwithyourfamily?4.Whatwillyouprobablyeatlunchtomorrow?5.Wherewillyoueatlunchtomorrow?6.Whatwillyoudotomorrowevening?7.Whattimewillyouhavedinner?8.Whattimewillyougotobed?9.WherewillRuthgotomorrow?10.Whattimewillshegetthere? 1.Whatwillshedotomorrowafternoon?2.Whattimewillshehavedinner?VOCABULARYaboutcomb(v.)handprobablyalonefaceifthenbedfamilymeetwillbrush(v.)getdressednext38will形式的将来时——否定句和疑问句will形式的将來时的否定句的构成是will加not。注意不规则缩写形式是won’U完整形式缩写形式单数复数单数复数第一人称Iwillnotgowewillnotgo Iwon"tgowewon’tgo第二人称youwillnotgoyouwillnotgoyouwon"tgoyouwon"tgo第三人称hewillnotgoshewillnotgoitwillnotgotheywillnotgohewon’tgoshewon"tgoitwon"tgotheywon"tgoWill形式的将来吋的疑问句构成是将will提到主语之前。 单数复数第一人称WillIgo?Willwego?第二人称Willyougo?Willyougo?第三人称Willhego?Willshego?Willitgo?Willtheygo?1.IfIleavehomeatseventhirty,willIarriveontimeattheparty?No,youwon’t.如果我七点半从家走，我会按时到达晚会现场吗？2.WillyougotothelibraryonFriday?No,Iwon"t.你星期五会去图书馆吗？不，我不会去。 2.WillRogergoonthepicnictomorrow?No,hewon"t.罗杰明天去野餐吗？不，他不会去。3.Willitraintomorrow?No,hewon"t.明天会下雨吗？不，不会下。4.WillKenandIneedreservationsfortheshowtonight?No,youwon"t.我和肯需要预约今晚的表演吗？不，你们不用预约。5.WillyouandMarthagotothebeachifitrains?No,wewon"t.如果下雨你和玛萨去海滩吗？不，我们不会去。6.WillFredandNormaleavethecityonFriday?No,theywon’t.7.傅雷德和诺玛星期五会离开这座城市吗？不，他们不会离开。PracticeA将句子改成疑问句，然后用完整的否定句回答。1.1willreturntomorrow.Willyoureturntomorrow?No,Iwon"treturntomorrow.2.They"llleavethecityatteno’clocktonight.3.Theweatherwillbegoodtomorrow.4.We’llstayhomeifitrains.5.They’llhaveagoodtimenextweek.6.Jerrywilllendusthemoneytomorrow.7.He’llwaitforusuntiltonight.8.We’llwatchtheanimalsinthezoo. 2.Rachelwillhelpustonight.3.You"llcomehereagain.B用完整的句子回答问题。首先给出肯定回答，然后做否定回答。1.Willyoubuyahouseoranapartment?I"llbuyahouse.Iwon"tbuyanapartment.2.Willtheymeetmeatthebusstationoratthehotel?3.Willtheydrinkmilkorcoffee?4.Willtheyarrivebeforeorafternoon?5.Willthechildrenswimintheoceanorinapool?6.Willhesetthetableforthreeorfourpeople?VOCABULARYapartmenthotelpoolstationbeachneed(v.)set(v.)hereoceanshow39反身代词与强势代词人称代词反身代词/强势代词人称代词反身代词/强势代词myselfweourselvesyouyourselfyouyourselves hehimselfsheherselftheythemselvesititself反身代词反身代词表示主语和动词的宾语是同一个人或事。Heshaveshimselfeverymorning.他每天早上自己刮脸。Shehurtherselfyesterday.她昨天割伤了自己。反身代词经常是介词的宾语。Paulaislookingatherselfinthemirror.保拉正看着镜屮的自己。Tonycooksbreakfastforhimself.托尼向己做早饭。反身代词常常表示“独自”或“没有帮助”。Ialwayseatlunchbymyself.我常自己吃午餐。Thegirlliftedthatheavyboxbyherself.那个女孩自己举起那个重盒子。强势代词强势代词是强调他们所指的名词或代词的重要性。IphonedthePresidenthimself.我亲自给总统打电话。 Theythemselvesbuilttheirhouse.他们自己建造房子。强势代词经常直接放在主语之后或置于句子的结尾处。Imyselfwillbuytheflowers.我自己回去买花。Iwillbuytheflowersmyself.我会向己买些花。1.Marthacutherselfwiththescissors.玛萨用剪刀割伤了自己。2.1burnedmyselfwithamatch.我川火柴烧伤了自己。3.Thechildrenarefiveyearsold.Theygetdressedbythemselveseverymorning.孩子们五岁了。他们每天早上自己穿衣服。4.Afterbreakfasttheygotoschoolbythemselves.吃完早饭，他们自己上学。5.Ofcoursehewashere;Imyselfsawhim.他当然在这儿，我亲眼看到他。6.Youyourselftoldme!Don"tyouremember?你自己告诉我的！你难道不记得了？7.Ifyoubothhavetime,youcanpaintthehouseyourselves.如果你俩有时间，你们可以自己给房子喷漆。8.Ourdoctorsaysthatsmokingisbad,buthehimselfsmokes.我们的医生说吸烟有害的，但他自己吸烟。PracticeA用正确的反身代词或强势代词填空。 1.1lookedatmyselfinthemirror1.Thedogsitsbyinthecorner.2.Thelittleboygotdressedby.3.Theywanttostudyby.4.Shefoundaloneinabigcity.5.YouandMaryrunthisbusiness.7.1gavehimthemoney.8.Wealwayseatby.9.Hegavemethebook.10.Thecookhurtwithherownknife.B用完整的句子填空回答问题。1.Didshemakethatdressherself?Yes,shemadethatdressherself.2.Didhehimselfgiveyouthataddress?3.Didtheycomebythemselves?4.Doyouprefertogotothemoviesbyyourselforwithsomeone?5.Didthechildhurthimselfwhenhefell?6.Doesthecattakecareofitself?7.Didyouyourselfmailtheletter?8.Doessheliketowalkbyherselfinthepark?9.Doyoucookforyourselfintheevening?VOCABULARY addresshimselfmirrorshave(v.)yourselfburn(v.)myselfsmoke(v.)yourselvesbusinessitselfofcoursesmokingcarelift(v.)ourselvessomeonecut(v.)lookremembertellherselfmatchscissorsthemselves40祈使句祈使句是用动词的基本形式构成，用来表达命令或指令。其隐含的主语是“you”。StophereandshowyourIDcard.站住，出示你的证件。否定句的构成是将donot（don’t）放在动词2前。Don"tforgettomeetyourauntattheairport.别忘了去机场接你姑姑。在公共场合，祈使句的否定句的构成采用不同的形式：no加动词ing的形式，加入一些常规的礼貌用语可使本来强硬的祈使句变得委婉。如：（ifyou）please，ifyoudon’tmind（如果你不介意），（请）Pleasewaithere.请在这儿等一下。Donotsmokeinhere,ifyouplease.请不要在这儿吸烟。Closethewindow,ifyoudon’tmind.如果你不介意的话，请关上窗户。NOSMOKING不准吸烟NOPARKING不准泊车1.Don"twastetime.Gotoschool.不要浪费吋间，上学吧。2.Waitforme.Don"twalksofast.等等我，不要走得太快。3.Crossthestreetwhilethetrafficlightisgreen.Don"tcrosswhilethelightisred.绿灯亮时过马路。红灯亮时不要过马路。4.Don"tbreakyoursister"stoys. 不要弄坏你妹妹的玩具1.Payforthemeal.Don"tforgettoleaveatipforthewaiter.买单时，不要忘记给服务员小费。2.Don"tspillyourcoffeeonmynewcarpet.不要把咖啡洒到新地毯上。3.Turnoffyourcellphones,please.请挂掉电话。Practice命令汉克做李做过的一件事。然后用更礼貌的表达方式重这些命令1.Leeisn"tleavingyet;she"swaitingforJim.Hank,don’tleaveyet;waitforJim.Hank,pleasedon"tleaveyet;pleasewaitforJim.2.Leeisn"tdrivingtoofast.3.Leeisdrivingcarefully.4.Leeiscrossingatthegreenlight.5.Leeisstudying;she’snotwastingtime.6.Leeiswashingherhandsandface.7.Leeisn"tsmoking.8.Leeishangingupherclothes.9.Leeissettingthetable.10.Leeisn’tgoingouttonight.11.Leegetsupearly. 1.Leeisdoingthelaundry.2.Leedoesn"tspendallofhermoney.3.Leeisn"tlazy.VOCABULARYbreak(v.)hangupmind(v.)tipcarpetIDcardpleasetrafficlightcellphonelaundryredturnoffcross(v.)lazyspill(v.)wastefv.)greenmealstop(v.)while41现在完成时——肯定句现在完成时的构成是have加动词过去分词。规则动词的过去分词和过去式相同。参看（第230页）不规则动词过去分词表。现在完成吋完整形式缩写形式单数复数单数复数第一人称IhaveseenwehaveseenI’veseen we"veseen第二人称youhaveseenyouhaveseenyou’veseenyou"veseen第三人称hehasseenshehasseenithasseentheyhaveseenhe’sseenshe’sseenit"sseenthey"veseen现在完成时指过去某一动作一直延续到现在，它描述在过去某一不确定的时间里发生过或未发生过的行为，它表示动作与现在有某种联系。现在完成时经常和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用，如：lately,thismonth，thisweek。I’veseenthatmoviethreetimes.那场电影我看了三遍。I’vejusthadawonderfulidea.我正好有个好主意＜,It’ssnowedalotrecently.最近下了很多雪。在一些情况下，过去行为一直持续到现在或会再次发生。I’veknownhimformanyyears.(Andstillknowhim) 我认识他好多年了。(而且仍然认识他)She"swrittentwonovels.(Andshemightwriteanotherone.)她写了两篇小说。(而且她可能会再写另一部。)现在完成时经常与介词“for”或“sinee"连用。“for”用于表示行为持续一段时间，“since”用于特指行为起始于某一特殊日期或时间。We*vebeenfriendsforthreemonths.我们成为朋友己经三个月了。WevebeenfriendssinceJanuary.我们从一月起就是朋友。1.I’vespokentohimseveraltimestoday.今天，我给他打过几次电话。2.Thankyou,butI"vealreadyeatendinner.谢谢，我已经吃过晚饭了。3.We’velivedinthisapartmentforyears.我们已经住在这所公寓儿年了。4.Herplanehasjustlanded.她的飞机着陆了5.They’vebeenfriendssincetheywerechildren.他们小时候就已经是朋友了。PracticeA川所给的词替换句中的主语，尽量川缩写形式。EXAMPLE:I’vemethimbefore.(he)He"smethimbefore.1.Lee5.they9.youandTracy2.Rich6.she10.you 1.LeeandRich7.youboys11.I2.we8.yoursister12.AdamandIB将斜体的动词由过去时变成现在完成时，尽量用缩写式。1.1sawTedandRose.IzveseenTedandRose.2.Weboughtvegetablesinthemarket.3.Thewindbegantoblowveryhard.4.Theydrovetowork..5.1atetoomuch.1.Shefellonthestairs.7.1wrotetoheroften.1.Youcametoolate.Hejustwentout.2.Hetookthepackagetothepostoffice.3.YouwereinMiami.4.Theywenthome.12.1didallthedishes.C用括号里动词的现在完成吋填空。尽量用缩写形式。1.Thisisthefirsttimeyouandyourbrotherhavevisitedourfarm.2.Comeintothehouse.Ittorain,(begin)3.1thatbook,(read)4.Theysomethingyoulike,(cook)5.Theleavesfromthetrees,(fall)6.1thatwomanbefore,(see) VOCABULARYalreadyideamarketthankyoubeforejustnovelwindblow(v.)landpackagewonderfuldodisheslatelyrecentlyfarmleafsomething