2018届英语语法填空 52页

2018届语法填空 考纲解读一篇200字左右的短文能力考查：理解语篇、句子结构、运用语法、单词短语空格类型(1)纯空格题(2)用括号中所给词填空共10空 Howtofillintheblanks?一读二填三检查快速浏览全文，理解大意分析并判断具体形式语法是否正确，逻辑是否合理 纯空格题解题技巧 若空格后是名词，且它没有限定词（冠词/形容词性物主代词/不定代词）修饰，很可能填________冠词Skill1:◆可数名词是禁止裸奔的。所谓不能裸奔就是不能既没有冠词，也不能没有复数形式。不可数名词才有资格裸奔。所以，空格后面如果是裸奔的可数名词，那么通常是填冠词的。Imethimin_____shopwhichsellsfruit.Waterischangedintosteambyheatandintoicebycold.a ◆另外，裸奔的可数名词如果在上文出现过，这时候填定冠词the（再次提到，表示特指）。Imetaboyonthestreet.____boyiswaitingforataxi.The◆谈话双方都知道的人或事物、世上独一无二的东西、序数词、形容词最高级以及形容词only,very,same前用定冠词theJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Theredsunlightsuptheskyandtheearth. 【小结】：冠词的语法填空归根结底就是要看出裸奔的名词到底是特指(填the)还是泛指(填a)。【即时练习】1.MyfriendVernonDavieskeptbirds…Heaskedmetofeed______birdsforhim.2.Hequicklypickedup_____telephoneonhisdesk.3.Peoplekeepdogstoprotectthemselves…Forachild,______dogishisbestfriend.4.Whenthereiscaraccident,policeofficerswillfindoutifanyofthedriversisusingacellphone.5.Tom,8-year-oldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshopandsatatatablethetheaana 句子不缺主语、表语，动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，通常填_____介词介词的考查：多数情况下出现在固定搭配中1.Ithinkit’sagoodidea___youtocomebacktoChina.2.Thoughsheisagirl,sheisinterested____football.forinItbeadj./nforsbtodosthbeinterestedinSkill2: 但：1.Hewasverytired____________doingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher.2.July1,1997sawthereturnofHongKongtoChina.ThedayourChinesepeoplehadlookedforwardto_________(come)atlast.所以有时要谨防陷阱！after/fromcame 两个或几个并列结构的单词/短语之间没有连词，考虑填___________并列连词Skill3:Iamveryexcited_____inspiredbythegoodnewsthatyouhavebeenadmittedintoHarvardUniversity.and 若两个句子（一个主谓结构算一个句子）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，填_________或___________1.Heworkedhard,_________hesucceededfinally.2.Thebuilding___________standsneartheriverisourschool.并列连词从属连词that/which（连接主句和定语从句/名词性从句/状语从句）and/soSkill4: Skill5:由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词1.由强调句型(Itis/was+被强调部分+that+句子的其他部分)，判断填it还是that。____wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn’teatMSG(味精)!解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填It。 2.由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,not,until,had等，还是填do,does,did等。_______withhardworkcanyouexpecttogetpayrise.解析：由canyouexpectto…可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词only，因为“only+状语(withhardwork)”放在句首，句子要用倒装。 3.so/such…that…句型。如：Thismadethegoatsojealous____itbeganplottingagainst(谋划对付)thedonkey.解析：由句式结构知这是so…that…句型，应填that 4.more…than…与其说……不如说……;比……更……Lily’sstoryshowsthatpeopleremembermorehowmuchamanagercares___howmuchhepays.解析：由句式结构可知，这是more…than…句型，故填than。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比，雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。 有提示词解题技巧 一、提供动词 若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致。1.Mr.Smith_____(give)hiswifetwentypoundsforherbirthday.2.OnSaturdayafternoon,Mrs.Greenwenttothemarket,_______(buy)somebananasandvisitedhercousin.解析：and是并列连词。此处went,bought和visited为并列谓语，时态也一致。Skill1:首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。gavebought 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。①doing②done③todoSkill2:表主动/正在进行/持续表被动/完成表将来或目的 具体的方法主要有：◆作主语或宾语，通常用-ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。1.Itisnotenoughonly______________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填tomemorize。2.___________(speak)outyourinnerfeelingwon"tmakeyoufeelashamed,onthecontrary…解析：句中已有谓语won"tmake，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。 ◆作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。1._______(complete)theprojectasplanned,we"llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.解析：因句中已有谓语willhavetowork，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填Tocomplete。2.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely___________(succeed).解析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填tosucceed。另，belikelytodosth为固定结构。 ◆作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。1.Hesawthestone,________(say)tohimself,“Thenightwillbeverydark.”解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。2.Theheadmasterwentintothelab,________(follow)bytheforeignguests.解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因theheadmaster与follow是被动关系，故用followed作伴随状语。 特别提醒：有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，而是要求词类转换。如：Janeknewfrompastexperiencethather_______(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.解析：所给词choose虽然是动词，但在从句中作主语，且在形容词性物主代词后，应当填choose的名词形式choice。 考查谓语动词与非谓语动词1.Hespititout,_________(say)itwasawful.2.Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman________(sit)atthefront.3.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,__________(wear)sunglasses.4.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI_______(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.sayingsittingwearing【练一练】wastold 5.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar_________(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.6.Theproverb,“pluckingupacrop______(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.7.Hewalkedinasifhe___________(buy)theschool.8.Suddenly,he________(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.broketohelphadboughtfound 9.Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnotapleasantexperience:peoplesteppedonyourfeetor________(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.10.Thesituationwassoseverethattherewasnotime__________(debate)whoistoblame.11.Withtheproblem________(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.12.Withalotofhomework________(do),Ican’tgoshoppingwithmyfriends.solvedpushedtodebatetodo 二、词类转换 这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词，根据该词在句中所充当的句子成分来确定用哪种形式，具体技巧如下： 形容词性物主代词之后；冠词之后，介词之前；充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等；通常填______名词1.Withthe________(arrive)ofspring,theDorritystookthechildrenforanouting.arrival2.Ifindthat__________(creative)canactasawaytoincrease_____________(participate)andimprove_________(fluent).creativityparticipationfluencySkill1: 易错的动词变名词的不规则变形v.n.explaindescribepronounceassumecomplain另外，应对名词考查时，还要注意可数名词单复数的变化explanationdescriptionpronunciationassumptioncomplaint 作表语（在系动词之后）、定语（修饰名词）或宾补（表性质状态），通常用___________。Teachersmusttrytheirbesttomakemostoftheirstudents___________(interest)inthesubject.形容词interested宾补Skill2: 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，作状语，用__________。__________(fortune),theguestescapedunharmed.副词FortunatelySkill3: 有的词类转换题，词性不一定要变，主要是考查与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-/im-/in-/mis-等，在词根后加-less等。1.Yourmistakecausedalotof___________(necessary)workintheoffice.unnecessary2.Imustknowhowtocareforothersandtrynotto______________(understand)them.misunderstandSkill4: 括号中所给词若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其________________。The_____(hard)youtrytobeathim,themorelikelyyouwillgethit.比较级或最高级harderSkill5: 1.Hemustbe__________(mental)disabled.2.OneSundaymorninginAugustIwenttoalocalmusicalfestival.IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment________(late)thatday.3.Maryfelt________(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.4.“Thatwouldbeavery___________(reason)thingtodoinabigcity,butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours,”Nicksaid.5.Her__________(curious)gotthebestforher.mentallylater【练一练】pleasedreasonablecuriosity 6.Itwas_________(polite)ofyoutoleavewithoutsayinggoodbye.7.Asaresult,manychildrenarebecomingless____________(depend),determinedandambitiousthaninthepast.8.Themerchant"sfirstwifeisaveryloyalpartnerandhasmadegreat_____________(contribute)inmaintaininghiswealth.9.Thereare______________(comfort)feelings,oftenasmanykindofphysicalpain.10.Problemsaretheserioustestthattellssuccessfrom__________(fail).impoliteindependentcontributionsuncomfortablefailure 11._________(luck),Ifailedintheexam.12.WhenChina"sancientscientificandtechnological____________(achieve)arementioned,thenationwillgenerallyrefertotheFourGreatInventions.13.Atlast,hercourageand_________(wise)impressedboththeCEOandPrincetonUniversity.14.Theotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecould…Hejumpedeven________(hard)andfinallymadehimselfout.15.Hedevotedhissparetimetofindingsheltersforthe_________(home).Unluckilywisdomachievementsharderhomeless 有关代词的解题技巧 Skill1:人称代词语法填空对代词的考查重点考查人称代词，考查时可能给出代词的主格形式（如I），要求考生填其宾格（如me）、形容词性物主代词（如my）、名词性物主代词（如mine）或反身代词（如myself）等形式1.Thecustomerfeelsthatthesaleswomanisinsympathywith______(he)andunderstands______(he)needs.2.Thisis______(I)book.3.Thebookis______(I).himhismymine Skill2:it的用法1.指代上文提到的动物、事物或事情；指代人，常指婴儿；或用以确定一人的身份，如打电话或敲门时，可用it①Thetrainhasarrived.Itarrivedhalfanhourago.②Thebabynextdoorkeptmeawake.Itcriedallnight.2.指代天气、时间、距离、温度等，在简单句中作主语，填it①Itisabeautifulday.②Itwastimetoquitsmoking.③Itis10kilometerstothecastle. 3.由it作形式主语的句式判断，空格处是否填it◆Ittakessbsometimetodosth做某事花了某人一些时间◆It"spossible/necessary/important/strange/naturaltodosth/that...做某事是……的◆It"sapity/ashame/awondertodosth/that…做某事是……◆It"sworth/nouse/nogood/awasteoftimedoingsth做某事是……的◆It"ssaid/announced/believed/reported/hopedthat…据…… ①Ittakesmeanhourtogettherebybus.②Itisimportantforstudentstoattendallthelectures.③Itisapitythathecan’tcome.④Itisnousetalkingtohimaboutthematter.⑤Itwasreportedthataheavysnowstormhitthatarealastweek. 4.由it作形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填itit作形式宾语，常用于以下句型：主语+谓语+it+adj./n.+todosth/that…常用于此句型的动词有：make,think,feel,find,consider等①Ifounditverydifficulttoadaptmyselftothingsallaroundhere.②Idon"tthinkitpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork. 综合练习 Exercise1Ithappenedtwoyearsago.IwasgettingreadytogotoBeijing1.________Ifelldownthestairsandhurtmyleg.Ithoughtnothing2.________(bad)couldhappentome,soIdecidedtogoanyway.Imanagedtotalkmyfatherintogivingmearidetothestation,3.________wasfivekilometersfromourhouse.Weplannedtosetoutveryearly4.________(catch)the7a.m.trainbutthecarwouldn’tstart.Whenwefinallyleft,5.________wasalready6:30.MyfatherisaveryslowdriversoIaskedhimtospeedup.Whenweweredoing120km/hapolicemanstoppedusandhandedout6.________ratherheavyfinetomyfatherforspeeding.whenworsewhichtocatchita Iwasverynervous—therewereonlyfifteenminutesleftandwewerenowherenearthestationyet.Muchtomyannoyance,thecar7.________(sudden)startedtojerk(颠簸)anditsoonturnedout8.________wehadrunoutofpetrol.Wehadtostopatthepetrolstationtofillupthetank.Wefinallygottothestationatthreeminutestoseven.Ikissedmyfathergoodbye,jumpedonthetrainandsettleddowninmyseat9.________relief.Butassoonaswereachedthenextstation,IrealisedthatI10.________(get)onthewrongtrain:IwastravelingtoWuhan,notBeijing!suddenlythatinhadgot Exercise2ArchimedeswasafamousancientGreekinventorandmathematician.Heisbestknownfordiscovering“Archimedes’sPrinciple”,1.________scientificlawthatexplainswhysomeobjects  float.Thereare variousstoriesthattellhowhemade this2.________(discover).OnestorytellsofakingnamedHiero,3.________suspectedthathisgoldsmithhadaddedsomesilverto  agoldcrownhehadordered.ThekingaskedArchimedes4.________hisassistanceinfindingoutthetruth.FordaysArchimedeswasunabletoсomeupwith5.________ideas.Thenoneday  whilegettingintohisbathtub,henoticedwaterspillingoverthesides.adiscoverywhoforany Suddenly,herealisedthatwhenanobject6.________(place)inwater,itmovessomewaterfromunderneathit.Bytaking measurementsofanobject’s  weightandtheamountofwateritmoved,Archimedescouldfindoutthe “density(密度)”oftheobject.Becauseofthis,hecouldconclude7.________KingHiero’scrownwasmadeentirely ofgoldornot.Archimedeswasso8.________(excite)whenherealisedthisthathejumpedoutofhisbathtub9.________(shout)“Eureka!”,theGreekwordfor“Ihavefoundit.”Today,peopleoftenshout“Eureka!”10.________(say)theyhavefoundasolutiontoadifficultproblem.isplacedwhetherexcitedshoutingtosay Exercise3Thevolumeoftrafficinmanycitiesintheworldtodaycontinuestoexpand.Thiscausesmanyproblems,1.________(include)seriousairpollution,longdelays,andagreatriskofaccidents.Clearly,somethingmustbedone,butitisoftendifficult2.____________(persuade)peopletochangetheirhabitsandleavetheircarsathome.Onepossibleapproachistomake3.________moreexpensiveforpeopletousetheircarsbyincreasingparkingchargesandbringingintougherfinesforanyone4.________breaksthelaw.Inaddition,driverscouldberequiredtopayforusingparticularroutesatdifferenttimesoftheday.includingtopersuadeitwho Thissystem,knownas“roadpricing”,withaspecialelectroniccard5.________(fix)tothewindscreenofthecar,hasalreadybeenintroducedinanumberofcities.Anotherwayofdealingwiththeproblemistoprovidecheapparkingontheoutskirtsofthecity,and6._______(proper)controlthenumberofvehiclesallowedintothecentre.Driversandtheirpassengersthenuseaspecialbus7.________(serve)forthefinalstageoftheirjourney.Ofcourse,the8.______________(important)thingofallistoprovidegoodpublictransport.However,togetpeopletogiveupthecomfortoftheircars,publictransportmustbefelttobe9.________(rely)andconvenient,withfares10.________anacceptablelevel.fixedproperlyservicemostimportantreliableat Exercise4Thesedays,meteorologists(气象学家)giveusreasonablyaccurateweatherforecasts.Butwhatdidwedobeforescientistsusedmoderntechnology1.________(predict)theweather?Well,peoplelookedattheirsurroundingstogetcluesabout2.________theweathermightbelike.Forexample,themovementsofcloudstellusalotaboutfutureweatherconditions.Clouds3.______(move)indifferentdirectionsusuallymeanbadweatherisnotfaroff.Animalbehaviouris4.________goodclue.Looktoseewherebirdsareflyingintheair.Iftheyareflying5.________(high)thanusual,theweatherwillbenice.Standstillandlisten.topredictwhatmovinganotherhigher Manyanimals,6.____________(particular)birds,tendtogoquietjustbeforeitrains.Howtheairsmellsisalso ausefulindicatoroffutureweatherconditions.Thereis7.________saying,“Flowerssmellbestjustbeforetherain”.Thisis8.________smellsarestrongerinhumidair.Onemoretip:Lookupatthemoon.Ifyoucanseeitclearly,itmeansthattheweatherhascooledandrainis probably9.________theway.Ofcourse,noneofthesemethodsareperfectanditwouldbeincorrecttousetheminsteadofmoderntechnology.Buttheydohavetheiruses.Sowhynotlearnthem?Youneverknowwhentheymightbe10.________(help).particularlyabecauseonhelpful