高考英语语法复习动词时态和语态湘西州民族中学秦文鹏 66页

高考英语语法复习课件动词时态和语态湘西州民族中学秦文鹏 Lead-inTrueorFalse1.Heastudent.2.HeislearnEnglish.3.Hehasfinishhishomework.4.HewillbeenstudyEnglish.5.Hemakedamistake.6.Hehadcompletehistaskaheadoftime. Lead-inTrueorFalse1.Heastudent.2.HeislearnEnglish.3.Hehasfinishhishomework.4.HewillbeenstudyEnglish.5.Hemakedamistake.6.Hehadcompletehistaskaheadoftime.Heisastudent.islearninghasfinishedwillbestudyingmadehadcompleted Concept时态时式现在过去将来过去将来一般式进行式完成式完成进行式 Concept一般式进行式完成式完成进行式现在过去将来过去将来以work为例worksworkedwillworkwouldworkis/am/areworkingwas/wereworkingwillbeworkingwouldbeworkinghave/hasworkedhadworkedwillhaveworkedwouldhaveworkedhave/hasbeenworkinghadbeenworkingwillhavebeenworkingwouldhavebeenworking Conceptwork的现在完成进行式have/hasdonebedoinghave/hasbeendoing Conceptwork的一般将来完成进行式willdohave/hasdonebedoingwillhavebeendoing Conceptfinish的将来完成进行式的被动态willdohave/hasdonebedoingbedonewillhavebeenbeingfinished Rules1Ourmathsteacherhasabignose.2.Wegetupat6:00everymorning.客观性，经常性，永恒性 Rules13.TheplaneforLondonleavesat7:30nextMonday4.Ifitrainstomorrow,willyoustillgo？1.固定时刻表或事先安排的动作2.时间状语从句、条件状语从句中：代替一般将来式 Rules21.Mybrotherisreadinganinterestingnovelthesedays.2.Idon’treallyworkhere;Iamjusthelpingoutuntilthenewsecretaryarrives.阶段性，暂时性，过程性，进行性 Rules23.YouarealwayshelpingmewheneverIamintrouble.4.SheisleavingforGuangzhounextweek.1.与always,constantly,forever等连用带强烈感情色彩。2.可以表示按计划、方案或安排而进行的将来的动作。 Rules31.Theyhavejustcleanedtheclassroom.(即：Theroomiscleannow.)2.Ihaven’tseenhimsincehelefthome.过去动作，联系现在 Rules33.Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstoppedcompletely.4.Ihavekeptthedictionaryfor10days.(不能用haveborrowed)1.在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。2.瞬间动词不与“for＋时间”段连用 Rules41.I"vebeensittinghereallday.2.—Why?Tom,yourshirtissodirty?—Mom,Ihavebeencleaningmystoreroomdownstairs.持续不断，或许还在进行 Rules51.WevisitedthefactorylastFriday.2.Oh,it’syou.Ididn’trecognizeyouatfirst.回顾过去，对比现在 Rules53.Iftheweatherhadbeenbetter,wecouldhavehadapicnic.Butitrainedallday.4.Ihadplanedtocomebacklastnight,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.5.Iwouldratheryoucameheretomorrow.6.It’stimethatweleftforschoolnow.虚拟语气用法 Rules61.HewaswatchingTVthistimeyesterday.2.Tomslippedintothehousewhennoonewaslooking.暂时性，过程性 Rules63.Mygrandfatherwasalwaysforgettingthings.4.Iwaswonderingifyoucouldanswermyquestion.1.与always,constantly,forever等连用带强烈感情色彩2.表礼貌 Rules71.Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.2.Itwastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.明显的过去的过去 Rules73.Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.=Nosoonerhadhebeguntospeakthantheaudienceinterruptedhim.4.Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.5.Iwouldratheryouhadnotcomehereyesterday.虚拟语气用法 Rules81.Iwillbe17nextmonth.2.—Sorry,Iforgottopostyourletter.—Itdoesn"tmatter.Iwillgoandpostitmyself.will/shalldo表示：1.单纯的将来；2.临时的打算 Rules91.—Annisinhospital.—Yes,Iknow.I"mgoingtovisithertomorrow.2.Lookattheclouds.Itisgoingtorain.begoingto＋do表示：1.说话时早已打算做；2.根据客观迹象预示着…… Rules101.Thepresidentistovisittheschoolnextweek.2.YouaretodoyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV.(相当于should,oughtto)beto＋do表示：强制性“务必要”；2.“想要”；3.“注定要”等情态意味3.Theywerenevertomeetagain. Rules11Iwasabouttoleavetheroomwhenthetelephonerang.beabouttodo…when表示：正要做某事时突然 Rules121.Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrowmorning?2.Youcanusemybike.Iwon’tbeneedingittomorrow.willbedoing将来某刻正在进行 Rules131.Bythistimeofnextyear,allofyouwillhavebecomecollegestudents.2.BythetimeyouarriveinNewYork,youwillhavebeenawayfortwoweeks.willhavedone将来某时已完成 Rules141.Hesaidhewouldcomeandhelpmeifnecessary.2.Ididn’tknowifshewasgoingtoseeusoff.woulddo过去支点，预言未来 Distinction11.OnthewallhangsapicturepaintedbyQiBaishi.2.Thisisnotmycoat.Mineishangingbehindthedoor.一般现在时表示经常性的、习惯性的或状态性的行为。而现在进行时则具有进行性、未完成性和暂时性的特点。[2010·重庆卷]Thepalacecaughtfirethreetimesinthelastcentury，andlittleoftheoriginalbuilding________now.A．remainsB．isremainedC．isremainingD．hasbeenremainedA Distinction21.IstayedinBeijingforfivedays.ThenIwenttoAmerica.一般过去时所表达的事件与现在无关。而现在完成时则强调对现在的影响和结果。2.IhavestayedinBeijingforfivedaysandhaven"tdecidedwheretogonext. Distinction2[2010·北京卷]—I"msorry，butIdon"tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwantedtoreturnonSeptember20?—Sorry，I________myselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.A．hadn"tmadeB．wouldn"tmakeC．don"tmakeD．haven"tmadeD本题考查时态和情景交际。答句句意为：抱歉，我还没有把我的意思表达明白，强调对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时态。 1.Ireadabooklastmonth.2.Iwasreadingabooklastmonth.一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或过去存在的状态。过去进行时则表示在过去某个时间点或时间段正在做某事。进行时具有进行性、未完成性和暂时性的特点。Distinction3 Distinction41.ThemomentIgothome,IfoundIhadleftmyjacketontheplayground.判断是不是过去完成时应先从时间轴上找到表示“过去”的时间点或动作①，然后判断在这个时间点或动作之前还有没有另一个动作②，并且判断该句是否强调②发生在①前。 Distinction5完成进行时是完成时和进行时的结合体，除了有完成时的基本特征，更强调动作的持续性。完成时强调动作的结果，完成进行时强调动作的延续。—Whydoestheriversmellterrible?—Becausethewater________.A．havepollutedB．isbeingpollutedC．hasbeenpollutedD．havebeenpolluted【解析】C考查完成时和完成进行时的用法和主谓一致。根据问句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是被动关系，用被动语态。主语是thewater，谓语动词用单数，选C。 Tense动词的语态反映主语与谓语动词之间的一种关系。动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。被动语态由“助动词be＋过去分词”构成，不同的时态通过be的不同形式体现。 常用被动语态构成(以ask为例)常用被动语态构成1一般现在时6过去进行时2一般过去时7现在完成时3一般将来时8过去完成时4过去将来时9将来完成时5现在进行时10含有情态动词的被动语态Ruleam/is/areaskedwas/wereaskedshall/willbeaskedwouldbeaskedam/is/arebeingaskedwas/werebeingaskedhave/hasbeenaskedhadbeenaskedwill/wouldhavebeenaskedcan/must/maybeasked Notes1.被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，别漏掉短语动词的介词或副词。如：Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer.Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates.2.“get＋过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。如：Shegotmarriedlastweek.Hefelloffthecarandgotkilled.3.汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如：Itisbelievedthat…Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…Itissaidthat…Itiswellknownthat…Itmustbepointedoutthat…Itissupposedthat…Itisreportedthat…Itmustbeadmittedthat…Itishopedthat…4.不及物动词及短语没有被动语态，如：happen,takeplace,last,breakout,comeabout,comeout等。如：Thebookcameoutlastyear.Themeetinglastedabout4hourswithoutreachinganyagreement. Notes5.连系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep等都没有被动语态。如：Thefoodtastesgood.Theclothfeelssoft.Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.Ithasgonebad.6.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词不需用被动语态。如read,write,act,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,open,lock,shut,dry,start。这类动词一般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。如：Thebooksellswell.这本书很畅销。Mypenwon‘twrite.我的笔写不出字来。Thiscoatdrieseasily.这种外衣容易干。Thedoorwon‘tlock.这门锁不上。Theenginewon‘tstart.引擎发动不起来。Theclothwasheswell.这布很耐洗。 1．[2010·上海卷]Thechurchtowerwhich________willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.A.hasrestoredB.hasbeenrestoredC.isrestoringD.isbeingrestored【解析】D本题考查被动语态。restore意为“修复”，而最后一句表明工程还未完成，因此为正在修复中，选D。实战演练 2．[2009·北京卷]Johnwasgiventhesamesuitcasehisfatherandgrandfather________withthemtoschool.A.tookB.hadtakenC.weretakingD.wouldtake【答案】B3．[2009·辽宁卷]Excuseme,Marcia,areporterfromVanityFair________allday.Couldyouspeaktohernow?A.phonesB.hasphonedC.hasbeenphoningD.phoned【解析】C考查现在完成进行时。由allday可以看出一直在打电话，此时仍然在打，过去发生的动作持续到现在并仍在进行，选C。实战演练 4．[2009·天津卷]Myparents________inHongKong.Theywerebornthereandhaveneverlivedanywhereelse.A.liveB.livedC.werelivingD.willlive【解析】A考查时态。后句意思为：他们出生在香港，从来没有在别的地方住过。由此可知前句“一直在香港住”，时态用一般现在时，说明事实，选A。实战演练 5.—Hi,Lucy,youlooktired.—I"mreallytired.I________thelivingroomallday.A．paintedB．hadpaintedC．havebeenpaintingD．havebeenpainted【解析】C表示我一整天都在刷房子，应该用现在完成进行时。实战演练 6．[2009·上海卷]Duringtheperiodofrecentterroristactivities,people______nottotouchanyunattendedbag.A.hadalwaysbeenwarnedB.werealwaysbeingwarnedC.arealwayswarningD.alwayswarned【解析】B根据时间状语可知是指过去，bealwaysdoingsth.表示“一种感情色彩”，并且人们与警告之间是被动的关系，选B。实战演练 7．He________footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.A.wasplayingB.playedC.hasplayedD.hadplayed【解析】B考查考生对题干中句子含义的理解以及对动词时态的掌握情况。由题干中的“formanyyears”很多同学推断出应为现在完成时，但“whenhewasyoung”这个时间状语表明他打球是过去时，未持续到现在。由“regularly”可知他过去经常打球，是一种过去的习惯性的动作，选B。实战演练 8．[2010·全国卷Ⅱ]Linda，makesurethetables________beforetheguestsarrive.A.besetB.setC.aresetD.aresetting【解析】C考查动词时态语态。makesure意为“确信，确保”，settables意为“摆放桌子”，结合语境应用被动形式。实战演练 9．[2010·全国卷Ⅱ]Excuseme.I________Iwasblockingyourway.A．didn"trealizeB．don"trealizeC．haven"trealizedD．wasn"trealizing【解析】A考查动词时态。这里应用一般过去时表示说话之前“没有意识到”。实战演练 10．MyfriendwenttoCanadathreeyearsago.He________thereforafewmonthsandthenwenttoAmerica.A．waslivingB．haslivedC．waslivedD．lived【解析】D句意为：我的朋友三年前去了加拿大，他在那里住了几个月，然后去了美国。由句意可知，住在加拿大这个情况发生在过去，且已经结束，故用一般过去时。实战演练 11．[2010·四川卷]—Whenshallwerestartourbusiness?—Notuntilwe________ourplan.A.willfinishB.arefinishingC.aretofinishD.havefinished【解析】D考查动词时态。状语从句用现在时代替将来时，这里表示计划完成后，所以用现在完成时。实战演练 12．—HaveyoureadthebookcalledWaitingforAnya?—Who________it?A.writesB.haswrittenC.wroteD.hadwritten【解析】C本题考查时态。题干中的答句问“谁写的这本书？”说明此书肯定是过去写的，所以用动词的过去式。13．They________twofreeticketstoCanada,otherwisethey"dneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo.A.hadgotB.gotC.havegotD.get【解析】B本题考查时态。句意为：他们得到了两张去加拿大的免费票，否则他们将永远也去不起。此题叙述事实，又发生在过去，选B。实战演练 14．—Thesingertogetherwithherband________invitedtotheconcert.Didyouenjoythatparty?—No,nosooner________thantheysangtheirtophitOhMyBaby.A.was;IhadleftB.were;IhavegoneC.was;hadIleftD.were;didIleave【解析】C主谓一致、时态及倒装的综合考查。主语(thesinger)后面跟有togetherwith引起的短语，谓语动词与前面的主语一致，所以要用was；否定词nosooner和than连用，且位于句首时，用部分倒装结构，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生，相当于汉语的“一……就……”。实战演练 15．[2010·四川卷]You"vefailedtodowhatyou________toandI"mafraidtheteacherwillblameyou.A.willexpectB.willbeexpectedC.expectedD.wereexpected【解析】D考查动词时态。由语境“老师将批评你”，知道你没有完成应该做的，所以用过去时，expectsb.todosth.意为“期待某人做某事”，此处要用被动形式。实战演练 16．[2010·全国卷Ⅰ]—HaveyoufinishedreadingJaneEyre?—No，I________myhomeworkalldayyesterday.A.wasdoingB.woulddoC.haddoneD.do【解析】A考查动词时态。alldayyesterday是信息词，暗示用过去进行时。实战演练 17．[2010·福建卷]EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoneymakingjobsthey________beforeleavingtheirhometowns.A.promisedB.werepromisedC.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised【解析】D考查动词时态。句意为：因为在离开家乡前被许诺的能挣钱的工作，每年大量的农民工涌入深圳。由句中arrive的时态可知此处的时态是现在时，又根据beforeleavingtheirhometowns可知在离开家乡前的承诺，强调结果，所以该空应为现在完成时。实战演练 18．[2010·安徽卷]—We"vespenttoomuchmoneyrecently.—Well，itisn"tsurprising.Ourfriendsandrelatives________aroundallthetime.A.arecomingB.hadcomeC.werecomingD.havebeencoming【解析】D考查时态。句意为：“最近我们花钱太多了。”“一点也不奇怪。我们一直有朋友和亲戚来。”句中出现了明显的时间状语recently和allthetime。实战演练 19．[2010·北京卷]InthespokenEnglishofsomeareasintheUS,the“r”soundsattheendofthewords________.A.aredroppedB.dropC.arebeingdroppedD.havedropped【解析】A本题考查动词的时态和语态。the“r”sounds和drop之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，要用被动语态；题目描述的是习惯做法，要用一般现在时态。实战演练 20．Unfortunately,whenIgottoherflat,she________，sowehadonlyamomentforafewwords.A.justleftB.hadjustleftC.hasjustleftD.wasjustleaving【解析】D考查时态。从后半句的“所以我们仅用一会儿时间说了几句话”可知，当说话人到达那位女士的公寓时，她正要离开，应该用过去进行时表示过去马上要发生的动作。实战演练 21．—HasTomalreadyfinishedhisnewstory?—Ihavenoidea.He________itlastmonth.A.hadwrittenB.waswritingC.wouldwriteD.wrote【解析】B本题考查时态。过去某个动作表示未完成或者不知道有没有完成时，用过去进行时态，句中是不知道有没有完成，所以本题选择B项。实战演练 22．—HowcomeyourfathercanreadbooksinGerman?—Well,he________onaprojectwithsomeGermanengineersfor3yearswhenhewasyoung.A.workedB.wasworkingC.hadworkedD.wouldwork【解析】A考查动词时态。尽管应答句中有3years表时间段，但由时间状语从句可知此处是陈述过去的事实，故用一般过去时，选A。实战演练 23．—What"stheproblem,Sir?—You________atleastataspeedofabout100milesperhour.A.aredrivingB.driveC.weredrivingD.havebeendriving【答案】C实战演练 24．—Areyoustillverybusy?—Yes，I________thereportforthemanageranditwon"ttakelong.A.havejustfinishedB.amjustfinishingC.hadjustfinishedD.amjustgoingtofinish【解析】B考查现在进行时态表示将来的用法。根据“itwon"ttakelong”推知，报告将要写完但并没有写完。实战演练 实战演练25.—Whydidn’tyouletmeknowthelatestnews?—Sorry,IwasgoingtocallyoubutI________unexpectedvisitors.A.hadB.haveC.havehadD.willhave【解析】A经典题目，虚拟语境，陈述考点，表示本想做某事但未完成，讲述原因时用陈述语气。 26.Youcan’tdrivethiscaranymore,becauseobviouslyit________beyondrepair.A.hasbeendamagedB.hasdamagedC.haddamagedD.hadbeenrepaired【解析】A根据前半句的内容可知，此处应该用现在完成时表示损坏动作对现在的影响，兼顾语态。实战演练 实战演练27.Becausetheshop________,alltheT-shirtsaresoldathalfprice.A.hascloseddownB.closeddownC.isclosingdownD.hadcloseddown【解析】C这家商店还没有倒闭，只是即将倒闭。用现在进行时表将来。28.—HelpmeoutinthekitchenandI________youtoafreshpotofcoffee.—Soundsgood.A.willtreatB.treatC.amtreatingD.havetreated【解析】A祈使句+andsb.willdo句型 实战演练29.Justanhouragohewastellingmeonthephonethathe________homerightafterthework.A.comesB.cameC.wouldcomeD.willcome【解析】C过去的时间支点是hewastellingme,宾语从句的动作发生在后，用过去将来时。30.TomisveryhappyinChinaduringthisperiodbecausehisChinese________everyday.A.hasimprovedB.isimprovingC.improvedD.isimproved【解析】B在中国的日子Tom的汉语水平天天在提高，用现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行的动作。 summary。【考点透视】动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，而且测试的难度也在逐年加大。在单项填空题中，每年考查动词时态的题不少于两道，动词的语态常和时态放在一起考查。高考命题者常从三个角度进行命题：一是直接给定时间状语。考生能直接根据所给时间状语作出选择；二是给定时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择；三是题干中不提供任何时间状语，而给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子，考生必须仔细分析语境，才能作出正确判断。 Thankyou