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  • 2022-06-17 15:39:26 发布

中学英语语法:冠词Article.pptx

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冠词Article 英语中体现冠词的用法有三种:即不定冠(a,an);定冠(the);无冠词或零冠词。用法差异微妙,需要认真体会。 冠词似帽名前用,零、定、不定三类型。它们用法要弄清,泛指、特指需分明。泛指“可数”用不定,特指务必the限定。“不可数”泛指冠为零。 .不定冠词有两种形式a/an。a用在以辅音和半元音开首的词前,an用在以元音音素开首的词前。a/an区别如下:anhonestboy/hour/honour/anAan800-metre-longbridge/umbrella aEuropeancountry/university/aone-actplayausefulanimal 1.Asteelworksmakessteel.2.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly. ①泛指人或物的类别(=any) 1.Ihaveamouth,anoseandtwoeyes.2.Istudy8hoursaday(=every). 3.Theenvelopesare12fenadozen4.60kmanhour. ②表示one或every“每一”(常用在表时、速、价等意义的名之前) anhourandahalf区别oneandahalfhours6.——Whatwillhegiveyou?——ahorse. 5.区别one可以单独使用而a/an不能单独使用。如:anhourortwo区别oneortwohours Aboyiswaitingforyou.Awangislookingforyou.Thereisabookonthetable. 第一次提到的不确定的人或物。Eg: eg:1.Asateacher,Tomwasafailure.2.Thelittlegirlisajoytoherparents. 3.It’sanhonortometoholdthemeeting.4.Thebookisagreathelptome. 用在抽象n之前“a+抽象n”,起具体化作用。 Itwasajustwar.TheChinesearebuildingupanewsocialistculture. ⑤.表示“一场”“一种” Shegavemeasmile.Weshouldmakeathoroughstudyfirst. ⑥.表示某种动作的“一例”“一次”“一番” ⑦.在固定词组中:afew;alittle;alotof;abit;acoupleof;anumberof;agreatdealof. “单名”、“形容”表整体,引导状语从句的比较级“独一”“最高”和“序数”,“一天三晌”和“共知物” 受触及的某身部,专有名词普通组姓氏复数表夫妇,“几十年代”的“乐器”和“店铺” thepoor/rich/old/young/sick/dead/new/blind/wounded/living. 在形容词/ving/v-ed词之前表一类人。 eg:1.Thehorseisausefulanimal.2.Thetraingoesfasterthanthebus.3.Thebrainisthecentreofthought.4.——WhatdidBellinvented?——thetelephone. 用在单数可数n前,表一类人或物或发明。 Themoreyouusethedictionary,thebetteryouwillbeabletouseit. 在the+形容词/副词比较级…the+adj/adv比较级的状语从句中,表示“越…就越…” ontheleft/right/intheeast/westinthemorning/afternoon/eveningontheotherhand/inthedaytime 用在方位名词之前或时间名词之前 eg:1.Hetouchedmeonthebackgently.2.Hetookthechildbythehandandcrossedtheroad. Vt+人+prep.+the+人体的某部位(能用于该句型的动词:hit,touch,take,catch,pat等) theunitedstatestheCommunistPartyofChinatheChangJiangRivertheGreatWalltheUralMountain 用普通名词构成的国家、党派、江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛、名胜等或公共设施(旅馆、饭店)、剧场、俱乐部、影院、博物馆、图书馆等。以及报刊。 theTaiWanislandtheBritishPalace/theGreatWalltheBritishMuseumthePeople’sDailytheEveningPaper 表示弹奏的乐器时,乐器名词常用定冠词theDoyouliketoplaytheviolinorthepiano? 表店铺的名词之前或夫妇俩人或全家eg:Thetailor’s/barber’s/doctor’stheTurners 说话时,双方都知道的东西shutthedoor,please.Lookattheblackboard 表示世界上独一无二的东西之前eg:theearth/sun/themoon 但如有形容词修饰时则用a/aneg:Apalemoonhangslowinthesky.Abrilliantsun 在序数词或形容词最高级之前thesecondstory/thelargestroom 表示世纪的某个年代,用在整十的复数词之前eg:①inthe1980’s②inthe1990s 零冠词的用法可概括为以下口诀三餐、假日和星期,学科、电视和球棋, 月份、头衔、称呼语二园、一站和校、医by表抽象不用提 专有名词(地、国、人名前)/物质名词/抽象名词之前通常不加冠。eg:1.China/America/Smith2.Airismatter3.Music/Society 但是如果专有名词前,可加the/a/an表特定概念。eg:TheChinaruledbythe“gangoffour”isgone.AmodernchinawillbebornASmithiswaitingforyouatthegate. 季节、月份、星期、节假日、三餐前一般不加冠词March,Sunday,SpringMayDay,NationalDay,Children’sDaySupper,breakfastLet’sgotodinner. 3.称呼语或头衔(作补、表)时一般不加冠词eg:What’sthis,mother?LincolnwasmadepresidentoftheUSagainGeneralSmith/Premierzhou/CaptainLiu 学科、球、棋电视前一般不加冠词eg:①Doyoustudymathematics/physics?②Helikesplayingfootball/chess/cards. 5.表示公园/动物园eg:BeijingPark;ZhongShanPark 6.火车站BeijingStationShanghaiStation 7.by表示交通工具/方式的n不加冠词eg:bycar/bus/train/bike 有些名词不用冠词表特殊意义(抽象)eg:Man/wordWordcamethatNapolinwouldcometoinspectthearmy. 9.有些固定词组不用冠eg:①husbandandwifebrotherandsisterbodyandsoul ②介词组:gotoschoolinclass;inuniversitygotochurchinprisonintownathomeonfootathomeatnight/noon/midnight 区别infrontof/inthefrontofinhospital/inthehospitaloutofquestion不成问题outofthequestion根本不可能 ①表示职位的名词作表、补、同位语,一般前不加冠词,但如有of短语修饰时,有时可加the.eg:Heis(the)captainofthebasketballteam. ②turn后的表语名词,一般不用冠词(区别become)eg:Hesaidhewouldneverturntraitor. Eg:1.Whatkindofanimalwasit?2.Hewastherightsortofmansotheyacceptedhim.3.Heisasortofahero.有几分英雄气概。 kindof/sortof/typeof后名词常不用冠词,但是如akindof/asortof表“几分”“稍稍”意时,则加a/an 被限定词修饰eg:ShecametoNanjingintheautumnof1980.OurlibrarywascompletedintheOctoberof1978. 2.表示“某一个”有描绘性形容词修饰时。ThishappenedonaSundayoflastmonth.(上个月的一个星期天)Wehasaterriblycoldwinterthisyear. 表示三餐的n如有描绘形容词时用a/anMybabieswillhaveanicebreakfast.如特指某顿饭eg:ThebreakfastIhadthismorningwasverynice. Thenovelistispoet.(诗人气质)Youareperfectfool.(傻)Heisnotmanenoughtodoit.(男子气概)Hewasgentlemanenoughtohelpherveryoften(绅士派头) ⑤有些名词可以借用来表人的特性、气质,这时该词已抽象化,不用冠词。 Childasheis,heknowsalotaboutit.Girlas(though)shewas,shedaredtofacethecruelenemy.Fool(though)Iwas,Ididn’tbelieveeverywordhesaid. ⑥as/though引导的状从句中,名词在句首时,不用冠词。 ⑦定冠词可与序数词连用,但是在下列情况下,不用the. Hecasthisnetafourthtime.Hecan’tmakeasecondtry. ①表示“再一”“又一”时。 ②表第三者的概念时,用athird.Don’tbecomeathirdpersonHisbrotherjoinedathirdparty.(第三党) ③与one,another并列使用时,用athirdOneisdeaf,anotherisblind,andathirdisblame. 序数词不用冠词。序数词前面有物主代词Thisismyfirstnovel. 序数词作副词时,eg:Hecamefirstintherace.在一些固定词组中eg:at(the)first/firstofall/fromfirsttolast 限定性定从的先行词前一般加the,但是先行词侧重类别则用a.eg:Amanwhodoesn’ttrytolearnfromotherscan’thopetoachievemuch.一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有很大成就的。 eg:1.Theyaretheteachersofourschool.(全体教师)2.Theyareteachersofourschool.(部分)Thefiveofussupporthim.我们五个人都支持他。Fiveofussupporthim.我们中有五个人支持他。 9.在of从属结构中用the定冠词则表全体,不用则表示部分。 冠词与并列连词and/or的连用。eg:①两个名词各指不同的人,事和概念时,都要用冠词。eg:Theyhadmarchedadayandanightbeforetheyreachedthefront.Theteacherandthewriterarehavingatalk. ②两个名词所指不同,但不引起误会时,后一名词的冠词可省略。eg:Thefatherandsonarebothscientist.Canwehaveamedicalexaminationwithoutadoctorornurseintheroom? ThepoetandwriterisgoingtoaccepttheinvitationSheboughtawatchandchainforherhusband.. ③两个名词如指一个人,同一物(配对)时,后一名词不用冠词。eg: ④泛指的相对应或相关的两个名词前的冠词可省略。eg:Husbandandwifeshouldhelpeachother.Penandinkisnecessaryforallthestudents. 不定冠词一般置于名词或名词修饰语之前,但在下列情况下,不定冠词位置有所变化。△1.在下列形容词such,what,many,half之后. ①I’veneverseensuchananimal.②Whatafoolyouare!③halfapoundofcoffee,please./Halfanhour.④Manyastudentisintheclassroom. 2.但half作为整个数的零头时,不定冠词放在half之前。eg:Threeyearsandahalf.=Threeandahalfyears. ①ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.②Ican’tfinishthetaskinsoshortatime.③Thisseemsnottoolongadistance. △3.当名词前的形容词被下列副词修饰时,as/so/too/how/however ④Wewonderhowdifficultaproblembeworkedout.⑤Howeverlowapriceyoupaid,youwastedyoumoney.⑥Heisbraveenoughahuntertokillthetiger. △4.as/though引导的让步状从,表语为形容词修饰名词时,不定冠词应在形容词之后。Braveamanthoughheis,hetremblesatthesightofsnakes. 在下列情况下,定冠词在修饰语之后eg:①在half,twice,threetimes等倍数之后eg:Halftheeggsarebad.Hepaidtwicethepriceforit.Thehouseis3timesthesizeofours. ②在all,both,double之后Hethoughtofbuildingfreestateforallthepeople.BoththeblindmenaremistakenIofferedhimdoubletheamount,buthestillrefused. 13.English和theEnglish①后有language时与the连用。eg:(English为形容词修饰language)HestudiestheEnglishlanguage. ②theEnglish指其文字版eg:ThebookistranslatedfromtheEnglish.③英语中的对应词eg:What’stheEnglishfor“首都”.