高考英语语法专项-虚拟语气.pptx 23页

SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。 一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来did/werehaddonewould/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.did/were2.shoulddo3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原) Iftherewerenohomeworktodo,weshouldhaveamuchhappiertime.2.IfIwereyou,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug.3.IfIhadn’ttakenthewrongbus,Iwouldn’thavemissedthecontest.4.Ifmybrotherhadbeenthere,itwouldn’thavehappened.与现在事实相反与过去事实相反 5.Ifitshouldrain,theywouldn’tgooutforawalk.6.Ithinkwecoulddoit,ifweplaneditproperlyandcouldborrowthetools.7.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.与未来事实相反 二：虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间不一致，叫做错综时间虚拟条件句。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照具体的语境,结合三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。Ifthedoctorhadcomeintime,Jimwouldstillbealive.Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youwouldn’tbeinsuchtroublenow. 2.假设条件句虚拟倒装。条件从句中如果有动词should，were，had三个助动词，可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.Ifitwerenotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavesucceeded.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.Wereitnotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavesucceeded. IfIhadhadenoughmoney,Iwouldhaveboughtanewcar.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?HadIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldhaveboughtanewcar.Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo? 三、虚拟语气特殊句型：wish+宾语从句现在：过去：未来：过去时(did/were)过去完成时(haddone)would/could/might+V.IwishIwereabird.()IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.()Wewishyoucouldgowithus.()过去未来现在 2.wouldratherthat--现在：过去：未来：Iwouldratheritwerewinternow.()Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.()Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.()过去时过去时过去完成时现在过去未来 3.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command三个建议：advise,suggest,propose四个要求：demand,require,request,ask这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。 我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere. 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire等． 四.asif/though+从句现在：过去：过去时过去完成时Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Itseemsasifitwerespring.注意:从句情况如果很有可能发生,也可用陈述语气 五.It’s(about/high)time+that--should+V.过去时你该走了。我们该睡觉了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed. 六.Ifonly…(要是…就好了)IfonlyIknewhername!()Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!()要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!现在过去 七.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that---从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard. 八.有时假设的条件不通过条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语如without和butfor或上下语境或其他方式表现出来。Butformybrother’shelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,wewouldn’thavemadesuchrapidprogress.Youdidnotcomeyesterday.Otherwise,youwouldhaveseenhim. Exercises:“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI_______.”A.hadB.didC.haveD.willAIdidn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI_____there.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wentCIwishI_________youyesterday.A.seeB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretoseeC Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit__________.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenCTheactoris58yearsold.Butheactsasifhe_______ayoungman.A.isB.willbeC.amD.wereDThecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker.Itlooksasifit_______rain.A.isgoingtoB.willC.wasgoingtoD.wouldA Ifyou__________tomorrow,you_________findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;mightAIftheparents______atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.A.arrivesB.arriveC.hadarrivedD.hasarrivedC Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe__________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcomeDIfmylawyer_______herelastSunday,he_______mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhavepreventedA _________theexam,hewouldhaveattendacollege.A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.IfheshouldpassB_______fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.A.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarrivedD.ShouldyouarriveC________itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.A.WereB.shouldC.wouldD.willB