高考英语语法考点-谓语动词.pptx 62页

考点6:谓语动词 真题再练在下列各句空白处填入所给词的正确形式，并说明理由。1.(2015卷I·61)ItwasraininglightlywhenI_________(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.由主句谓语动词“wasraining”和后句的谓语动词“didn’tcare”可知，arrive应用一般过去时。句意是“当我们在天亮前到达阳朔时，正在下着小雨”。arrived 2.(2015卷I·67)Yangshuo_____(be)reallybeautiful.AstudyoftravelersconductedbythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.指目前的状态或客观存在的状态，用一般现在时，下句谓语动词names是一般现在时，也有提示作用；主语Yangshuo是第三人称单数，故填is。is 3.(2015卷II·68)Atthesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle_____(go)dayafterday.Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandthusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.因上句谓语动词“warmup”与下句中的谓语动词“warmup”和“cooloff”都是一般现在时，故此处的go也用一般现在时才能保持时态一致；主语Thiscycle是第三人称单数，故填goes。goes 4.(2014卷I·61)In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It____(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.指1969年的情况，用一般过去时，上下句谓语动词的时态(was,could)也提示我们用一般过去时，指当时无法想象；又因主语It是第三人称单数，故填was。was 5.(2014卷II·45)Aboyonabike________(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.在句中作谓语，考虑时态和语态；aboy与catch是主动关系，又由语境(如wasriding)可知用一般过去时，故填caught。caught 6.(2014样卷·1)Mum:(puttingonhercoat)I’mgoingtohavetogodowntotheshopformorebread.Alan:Why?Mum:I’mnotsurewhat_________(happen).ImadesomesandwichesearlierandleftthemonthetablewhenIwenttoanswerthephone.Butsomeonemusthavetakenthembecausethey’regone.在宾语从句中，what是主语，happen应为谓语动词，故要考虑其时态；从下文made,left,went,musthavetaken(一定已拿走)等可知，用一般过去时。happened 7.(2014样卷·9)Alan:(openingthefridgedoor)Well,itwasn’tme.ButMum,look!Aretheseyoursandwicheshereonthebottomshelfofthefridge?Mum:Aretheythere?Oh,mygoodness.I____________(put)themtherewhenthephonerang.从语境中可知，意思是“我一定是在电话铃响时把它们放进那里了”，对过去情况的推测，表示“一定已经”，用“musthavedone”。(注：像此题这样需要考生根据上下文语气增加情态动词且用完成式这种复杂形式，在高考语法填空中考查的可能性极小)musthaveput 思路点拨当句中缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个方面。1.时态确定时态的四条依据：(1)依据上下文时态一致。看上下文谓语动词是什么时态(过去/现在/将来)，空格要填的动词时态一般应与上下文的时态一致。这是高考语法填空中确定时态的最重要的依据(如上述真题3和4)但需注意：客观事实或真理可能时态不一致；直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致。 (2)依据并列谓语动词的时态一致。如：(2015广东卷)Whilemakinggreateffortstorunaway,she_____(fall)overthehillanddied.解析：由anddied可知，与之并列的fall也用一般过去时，故填fell。fell (3)依据时间状语。如recently,sofar,uptonow,uptothepresent,inthepastfewyears常与现在完成时连用；bytheendof,since1980,forthreeyears常与完成时连用。(4)依据固定句式。请熟读以下句式并体会句中的时态。ThisisthesecondtimethatIhavespokentoaforeigner.这是我第二次同外国人讲话。 ItwasthesecondtimethatIhadspokentoaforeigner.这是我第二次同外国人讲话。HardlyhadIgotonthebuswhenitstartedtomove.我一上公交车，就开动了。Ihadnosoonerlaindownthanthetelephonerang.我刚躺下，电话铃就响了。 Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenshesuddenlywalkedin.我正在做作业，突然她走了进来。Iwasabouttodomyhomeworkwhenshesuddenlywalkedin.我正要做作业，突然她走了进来。Iwasonthepointofgoingoutwhenthephonerang.我正要出去，电话响了。 2.语态主语是谓语动词的执行者，即谓语动词与主语在逻辑上是主动关系，用主动语态；主语是谓语动词的承受者，即谓语动词与主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，用被动语态。如： (2014广东卷)…butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.We__________(tell)thatourroomshadn’tbeenreservedforthatweek…解析：句中tell(告诉)后没有sb.(人)作宾语，由tellsb.sth.这一句型可知，要用被动语态；又由上下文的时态可知，用一般过去时；主语是we，构成被动语态的be用were，故填weretold。weretold 3.语气是否用虚拟语气，主要由一些特殊的词或句式来决定，详见考点归纳。如：(2012广东卷)Marywillneverforgetthefirsttimeshesawhim.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,wearingsunglasses.Hewalkedinasifhe_____________(buy)theschool.AndthewordquicklygotaroundthathewasfromNewYorkCity.hadbought 解析：因buy在主格人称代词he后,显然是作谓语;又由语境可知，他不是真的买下了这个学校,只是他走进来时的那种气势好像是买下了这所学校一样，故应用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填hadbought。 4.主谓一致一般来说，主语是单数，谓语动词用单数;主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。以上［真题再练］的第2,3,4题都涉及主谓一致。又如：(2008广东卷)Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften_______(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.解析：句中Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelop是动名词短语作主语，result应是谓语动词；“急于求成，往往会事与愿违”是客观真理，应当用一般现在时；动名词短语作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填results。results 考点归纳谓语动词涉及时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个考点。以下重点提醒其中两个。1.时态尽管课标或考纲中列出了10种时态，但近两年全国卷和九年广东卷的高考真题只考查了一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。 现在时态构成(以do为例)过去时态构成(以do为例)注意变化一般将来时willdo过去将来时woulddowill→would一般现在时do/does一般过去时diddo/does→did尽管如此，以下8种时态的基本用法和构成还是应掌握的： 现在时态构成(以do为例)过去时态构成(以do为例)注意变化现在进行时am/is/aredoing过去进行时was/weredoingam/is/are→was/were现在完成时have/hasdone过去完成时haddonehave/has→had 2.语气掌握以下两类八条。类别编号具体情况(烂记于心)典型例句(熟读背诵)过去式1if引导虚拟条件句IfIwereyou,Ishouldtakemytime.如果我是你，我就不着急。2without,butfor,otherwise等引出的含蓄虚拟条件ButforyourhelpIwouldhavefallenintheexam.要不是有你的帮助，我这次考试就过不了关。 类别编号具体情况(烂记于心)典型例句(熟读背诵)过去式3wish后的宾语从句IwishIhadahouseinGuangzhou,butIcan’taffordone.我多希望在广州有房，可是我买不起。4ifonly后的句子IfonlyIwererich.要是我很富有，多好呀！ 类别编号具体情况(烂记于心)典型例句(熟读背诵)过去式5wouldrather后的句子I’dratheryouhadn’tsaidthat.我真希望你没有那样说过。6asif/though后的句子(可能用)Mr.Li,myEnglishteacher,treatsmeasifIwerehisownson.英语老师李老师像对待他儿子般对待我。 (should+)动词原形1(10个词)一个“坚持(insist)”Iinsistthatshe(should)cometomorrow.我坚持要求她明天来。二个“命令(order,command)”Hegaveordersthattheworkshouldbestartedimmediately.他发出指示要立即开始工作。 (should+)动词原形1(10个词)三个“建议(advise,suggest,recommend)”Irecommendedthathe(should)seealawyer.我曾建议他去咨询律师。四个“要求(ask,request,require,demand)”Sheaskedthatshe(should)bekeptinformedofdevelopments.她要求告知进展情况。 (should+)动词原形2Itisnecessary/natural/important/strangethat…Itisnecessarythathecometotheoffice.他有必要到办公室来。 考点练透1.(2015广东卷)Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearbyforotherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhat________(leave).介词with后应是宾语从句，连接代词what=themilkthat，意为“(除了用于换其他食物的牛奶后)剩下的牛奶”；因what与leave(剩下)是被动关系，用被动语态；上下文都是过去时，也用一般过去时；what作主语，用第三人称单数，故填wasleft。wasleft 2.(2013广东卷)Suddenly,he______(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.SoNickcalledtohisson,“Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt…”在主格人称代词he后，that引导的宾语从句之前，find应是谓语动词；由下文的called可判断find用一般过去时，故填found。found 3.(2011广东卷)Inoticedamansittingatthefront.He____________(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.在主语He后，pretend显然是谓语动词；givingit(thetiger)avoice的主语应当是He,因此，andgiving与谓语动词是并列关系；由此推断,谓语动词应是过去进行时,故填waspretending。waspretending 4.(2010广东卷)Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman___________(present)thewatertotheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink…动词present(赠予)在主语theyoungman后，应是谓语动词；由语境及上下文的谓语动词的时态可知，用一般过去时，故填presented。presented 5.(2009广东卷)…peoplesteppedonyourfeetor________(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.因主语people与push是主动关系，用主动语态；又由并列连词or可知，push与stepped应为并列谓语，时态要一致；stepped是一般过去时，push也应是一般过去时，故填pushed。pushed 6.(2009广东卷)“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane_______________(inform).因inform在主语Jane后作谓语，Jane与inform是被动关系，又是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，故填wasinformed。wasinformed 7.(2007广东卷)IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar______(break)downneararemotevillage.在when后的分句中，mycar是主语，其后的break应为谓语动词；由全文可知，这是叙述过去的经历，应用一般过去时；再说was/weredoing…when…did…是一个固定句型，when后面的句子的谓语用一般过去时，表示“正在做某事，就在这个时候突然发生了另外一事”，故填broke。broke 8.Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle,______(look)ateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife.由andbe可知与之并列的be是原形，由此可想到look也用原形，是祈使句句型。look 9.Inthelastfewyears,China__________(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.由Inthelastfewyears可知用现在完成时。10.I__________(hear)nothingfromhimuptonow.由uptonow可知用现在完成时。hasmadehaveheard 11.Hewasabouttotellmethesecretwhensomeone______(pat)himontheshoulder.由was/wereabouttodosth.whensb.did固定句型可知,when后句子用一般过去时。12.He____________(think)abouttheproblemwhenanapplefelltotheground.由was/weredoingsth.whensb.did固定句型可知。pattedwasthinking 13.Thisisthefirsttimethatourwholeclass__________(go)outtogetherforapicnic.在This/Itisthefirsttimethat…句型中，that后的谓语动词用现在完成时。havegone 14.Therewasaknockatthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeone_____________(interrupt)methatevening.在It/Thiswasthesecondtime(that)…句型中，that从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。hadinterrupted 15.Hardlyhadthegamebegunwhenit________(start)raining.由Hardly…when…句型可知，前面多用过去完成时，when后谓语动词常用一般过去时。started 16.Itisreportedthataspacestation__________(build)onthemooninyearstocome.因aspacestation与build之间是被动关系,要用被动语态；又由“inyearstocome(未来的几年内)”可知用将来时，因此，用一般将来时的被动语态。句意：据报道,一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上建成。builtwillbe 17.Asyougothroughthisbook,you__________(find)thateachofthemillionsofpeoplewholivedthroughWorldWarⅡhadadifferentexperience.句中as引导的是时间状语从句,从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时,所以主句需用一般将来时。句意：当你读这本书时,你就会发现那些经历过第二次世界大战的数百万人中的每一个人都有不同的经历。findwill 18.Whatevershe_____(say)willnotmakeanydifferencetoourarrangements.句意：无论她说什么都不会对我们的安排有影响。says 19.Therealreasonwhyprices_____(be),andstillare,toohighiscomplex,andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.根据空格后面的andstillare(而且现在仍然是)判断,前面是指物价过去的情况,应用一般过去时。句意：物价过去很高,现在依然居高不下,其真正原因是复杂的,不是两三句话能圆满解释的。were 20.IfonlyI_____________(listen)tomyparentsatthattime!Butit’stoolatenow.因ifonly(但愿，要是……就好了)与wish的意义和用法相同，后面的句子要用虚拟语气，由atthattime可知是与过去事实相反的情况，故用过去完成时，填hadlistened。hadlistened 21.IfonlyI________(can)playthepianoaswellasLangLang.因ifonly后面的句子要用虚拟语气，由句意可知是与现在事实相反的情况，故用一般过去时，表示能力的can的过去时形式是could。could 22.IwishI_________(fly)freelyintheskylikeabird.因wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，从句意来看，是与现在事实相反的情况，“像鸟一样在蓝天飞翔”应是强调具备这种能力，故填couldfly(能飞)。couldfly 23.Butforyourhelpwe_______________(be)late.由butfor(如果没有，要不是)可知要用虚拟语气，由句意可知是与过去事实相反的情况，故填wouldhavebeen。wouldhavebeen 24.TheGadflyinsistedthatthework_________________(finish)bythemiddleofJune.句中insisted作“坚持/坚决要求”，其后的宾语从句的谓语用“(should+)动词原形”；又因“工作”与“完成”是被动关系，要用被动语态，故填(should)befinished。(should)befinished 25.Heinsistedthathe_____(be)notill,butthedoctorinsistedthathe______________(take)themedicine.第一个insisted意为“坚持说，坚决认为(是怎么回事)”，其宾语从句的谓语不用虚拟语气，故填was；第二个insisted意为“坚持要求(要/该做某事)”，其宾语从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，故填(should)take。was(should)take 26.Iorderedthatthegate_________________(lock).因order(命令，指示)后的宾语从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，且thegate与lock是被动关系，故填(should)belocked。(should)belocked 27.Alightedsigncommandedthatseatbelts___________________(fasten).由commanded可知，其后的宾语从句的谓语要用(should+)动词原形，又因seatbelts(安全带)与fasten(系)是被动关系,故填(should)befastened。(should)befastened 28.Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe____(be)illandhermothersuggestedshe___________(see)adoctor.因第一个suggest意为“显示，表明(=show)”,其后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气,故填was；第二个suggest意为“建议”,其后的宾语从句的谓语要用(should+)动词原形，故填(should)see。was(should)see 29.Theyadvisethatapassport_______________(carry)withyouatalltimes.因advise后的从句谓语要用(should+)动语原形，且apassport(护照)与carry(携带)是被动关系，故填(should)becarried。(should)becarried 30.Sherequestedthatnoone______________(tell)ofherdecisionuntilthenextmeeting.因request后的从句谓语用(should+)动词原形，且onone与tell是被动关系，故填(should)betold。(should)betold 31.Oh,itisnaturalthatshe________(have)differentviews.因itisnatural/strange/important/necessarythat…句型中that从句的谓语通常用“(should+)动词原形”，故填(should)have。(should)have 32.Tomwasnottherethatday,buthedescribedthesceneasvividlyasifhe_________(be)there.由“Tomwasnottherethatday”可知，asif表示的是与过去事实相反的情况，故填hadbeen。hadbeen 33.WouldyoumindifI______(ask)youtodosomething?因Wouldyoumindif…句型中用过去时的虚拟语气。注意，Doyoumindif…不用虚拟语气。请比较：DoyoumindifIsmokehere?/WouldyoumindifIsmokedhere?我在这里抽烟你介意吗?asked 34.IshouldapplyforthepostifI_____(be)you.Ithinkyoustandagoodchance.因“如果我是你”与现在事实相反，故说ifIwereyou。were 35.Ifit____________________________(rain)tomorrow,we’dstayathome.由tomorrow与主句谓语wouldstay可知，是与将来事实相反的情况，因此虚拟条件句的谓语用一般过去时或wereto加动词原形或should加动词原形，故填rained或weretorain或shouldrain都可以。rained/weretorain/shouldrain 36.Ifyou____________(listen)tome,youwouldn’thavemadesomanymistakes.由主句谓语wouldn’thavemade可知，是与过去事实相反的情况，因此虚拟条件句的谓语用过去完成时，故填hadlistened。hadlistened THANKYOU!