2019版高考英语语法专题突破全国通用版（全解析）专项训练：专题7非谓语动词word版含解析 16页

专题七非谓语动词高考感知L1.(2017•全国卷I，63)Theyarerequired(process)thefoodthatweeat，torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.答案：toprocessrequiresb./sth.todosth.‘‘需要某人/某物做某事”。2.(2017•全国卷I,68)Evenworse,theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;by(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.答案:eating介词by后需用名词或动名词作宾语。3.(2017•全国卷III,65)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodelswants(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.答案：toprovewanttodosth.“想要做某事”，动词want后常用不定式作宾语。4.(2017•天津高考，14,改编)Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,(allow)morepatientstobetreated.答案:allowing医院新购医疗设备与更多的病人能够得到治疗之间是因果关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。5.(2017•北京高考，32,改编)Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytime(spend)withhisstudents.答案：spentspend和time之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。6.(2017•北京高考，27，改编)Manyairlinesnowallowpassengers toprinttheirboardingpassesonline(save)theirvaluabletime.答案：tosave由句意可知需用动词不定式作目的状语。1.（2017•江苏鬲考，21，改编）ManyChinesebrands,（develop）theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.答案：havingdeveloped句子的主语brands与develop之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，再根据时间状语overcenturies可知，需用现在分词的完成式作状语。2.（2016•全国卷I，62,改编）Itwasagreathonour（invite）backstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.答案：tobeinvitedIt’sagreathonourtodosth.“很荣幸地去做某事”，根据句意可知应用动词不定式的被动式。3.（2017•全国卷II,短文改错）Whensummercomes,theywillinvitetheirstudentspickthevegetables!答案：pick前加toinvitesb.todosth.“邀请某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。4.（2016•全国卷III，短文改错）1showedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.答案：wear—wearing介词后的动词应用动名词形式。-V动词不定式的用法1.作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1)把不定式置于句首 Tomakeupforlosttimeisnotpossible.(1)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中①It+is+名词+todoItisanoffencetodroplitterinthestreet.②Ittakessb.+sometime+todoHowlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?③It+be+形容词+for/ofsb.+todo，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如difficult，easy,hard，important,impossible,necessary等。Itisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverything(that)theteachersays.④Itseems/appears+形容词+todo，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或社匕评的词。Itseemedimpossibletosavemoney.1.作宾语(1)常跟不定式作宾语的动词afford,agree,aim,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,choose,claim,condescend,consent,decide,demand,determine,endeavor,expect,fail,help,hesitate,hope,learn,manage,neglect,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,proceed,promise,prove,refuse,resolve,seem，swear,tend,threaten,undertake,volunteer,vow,want,wishThedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.(2)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语+动词+it+补语+todo句式。Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.2.作补语(1)动词+宾语+不定式 常见云力词：advise,allow,believe,cause,challenge,compel,declare,encourage,forbid,force,find,hire,induce,instruct,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,select,send,suppose,tell,train,urge寸。Fatherwillnotallowustoplayinthestreet.(1)不带to的不定式作补语五看：see/watch/notice/observe/lookat三使役：have/make/let两听：hear/listento一感：feelIoftenseehimgotoschoolonfoot.Heisoftenseentogotoschoolonfoot.(不定式作主语补足语，要带“to”)1.作表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.2.作状语(1)0的状语(only)to,inorderto,soasto，so/such...asto...(如此以便)Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.Icomehereonlytosaygoodbyetoyou.(2)作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在旬子后面。Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.(3)表原因I"mgladtoseeyou.3.作定语(1)不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。 Doyouhaveanythingtobetakentoyoursister?MywishtovisitFrancehascometrueatlast.(1)不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系：①表示将来的动作；②与被修饰词之问有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词;③与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其他词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系吋，尽管有被动含义，却仍用主动语态；如只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上的主谓关系，则需用被动语态；④不定式作定语时，一般可转换为定语从句。1.疑问词+不定式疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。(1)WhentoleaveforLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet.(主语)(2)MrSmithdidn"tknowwhethertoleaveorstaythere.(宾语)(3)1askedProfessorXuhowtolearnEnglishwell.(直接宾语)(4)Thequestionwaswheretogetthemedicineneeded.(表语)经常用于这种绍构的动词存：decide，know,consider，forget，learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tell等。Pleaseexplaintomewheretobeginandhowtodoit.二、现在分词的用法1.作状语现在分词表示时间、条件、原因、让步关系时，常位于句首，且用逗号隔开，可以转换成相应的状语从句；现在分词作结果、方式、伴随状语时多位于句子后面，可用逗号隔开，也可以不用。(1)Walkinginthestreet(WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet),Imetanoldfriendofmine.(时间) (1)Workinghard(Ifyouworkhard),youwillsurelysucceed.(条件)(2)Notknowingheraddress(AsIdon"tknowheraddress),Ican"twritetoher.(原因)(3)Havingfailed(Althoughhehadfailed)manytimes,hedidn"tloseheart.(让步)(4)Pleaseanswerthequestionusinganotherway(byusinganotherway).(方式)(5)Aterriblehurricanestruckthearea,makingthousandsofpeoplehomeless.(结果)(6)Theywerewalkinginthewoods,singinghappily.(伴随)1.作定语现在分词单独作定语放在被修饰的名词前，现在分词短语放在被修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从句。被修饰的名词与现在分词之间是主谓关系。Theflyingkitesarehighinthesky.Thereweresomechildrenswimmingintheriver.2.作宾语补足语现在分词常用在感官动词see,hear，watch,feel,notice,observe,listento,lookat等和使役动词have，get,let等以及keep,find,leave等的宾语后面作宾语补足语，宾语与现在分词之间是主谓关系，也就是说宾语实际上是现在分词动作的发出者。Mybreathingquickened,andIfeltmyheartbeatingfaster.Iwouldhavehimwaitingformeatthegateofthepark.3.作表语现在分词作表语通常表示主语所具有的特征。Theteacher’swordsweregreatlyinspiringwheneverImetwithdifficulties.三、动名词的用法1.动名词作主语Seeingisbelieving. Itisnousesendinghimover.It’stoolate.(第——个it在it匕处是形式主语，真正的主语是sendinghimover)注意：Itisnouse/gooddoingsth.可被视为固定结构。1.动名词作宾语常跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语：admit,avoid,appreciate,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,finish,imagine,mind,miss,practice,suggest,keep(on),feellike,devoteoneselfto,giveup,get/beusedto,beworth，can’thelp,insiston,lookforwardto等。Youcaneasilyfakeupanexcusetoavoidgoingoutwithhim.注意：当主语为物时，need，want，require跟动名词形式作宾语时表示被动意义，当主语为人时，跟动词不定式作宾语时表示主动意义。Youneedtotouchupthepoem.Thecomputerneedsrepairing.2.动名词作表语Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.注意：动名词作表语时常表示主语的内容。3.动名词作定语Heisinthereadingroom.注意：动名词作定语时常表示被修饰名词的功能和用途。4.动名词和不定式的区别(1)在动词attempt,begin,start,intend等后面，可以用doing作宾语，也可以用todo作宾语，含义区分不大。但如果后面接know，understand等表示“心理活动”的动词时，则常用todo。正：Ibegintounderstandthetruth.误：Ibeginunderstandingthetruth.(2)在动词love,like,hate,prefer等后面，用doing时，表“习惯性的”“一般性的”动作；用todo时，多表示“一次性的”“具体性的”动作。Ihategettingupearly. Ihatetosayso，butIreallycan’tgo.(1)在动词remember,forget,regret等后面，用doing时，往往表示过去的动作；用不定式时，常表示将来的动作或过去未做的动作。Remembertoseehim.IrememberseeinghimonceinBeijing.(2)在动词stop,try,want，mean,need等后面，用doing还是用todo,意义上有明显的区别。Shestoppedtotalkwithhim.(她停下来和他谈论。)Shestoppedtalking•(她停止谈论。)(3)动词permit,allow,advise等词可以有one"sdoing和v.~~sb.todo两种搭配，意思完全一样。 Weadviseyoutogotocollege.Weadviseyourgoingtocollege.1.动名词的复合结构动名词的所有格，即one"sdoing结构的用法。Mary’sgoingtherewon’tbeofanyhelp.（作主语）Herrefusingtoaccepttheinvitationupsetme.（作主语）Doyoumindhis/himsmokinghere?（作动词宾语）WeinsistonMary’sstayinglonger.（作介词宾语）注意：在非正式语体中，我们常用人称代词宾格（如me，him，you，us,them等）或名词的普通格（即名词本身，如Mary,Tom,myfather等）和doing一起用作宾语。1.、过去分词的用法过去分词作定语（1）过去分词用作定语，总的来说，充当前置修饰语的过去分词通常来自及物动词，带有被动、完成意义。abrokencup一只打破的杯子（被动）therisensun己升起的太阳（完成）（2）有些过去分词不能单独作前置修饰语，但可以借助某些前缀或副词来作前置定语。uninvitedguests没有被邀请的客人unheard-ofstories闻所未闻的故事highly-developedindustry高度发达的工业（3）过去分词作后置定语时，相当于一个定语从句。Thebridge,builtin1950,collapsedyesterday.（builtin1950相当于一个定语从句，whichwasbuiltin1950）2.过去分词作主语补足语或宾语补足语用作主语补足语或宾语补足语的过去分词大都来自及物动词。凡 是己经形容词化了的-ed分词，人都可以既作名词修饰语即定语，也可作主语补足语或宾语补足语。Thedoorwasfoundlocked.（主补）Ifoundthedoorlocked.（宾补）Ifoundalockeddoor.（定语）常可加复合宾语的动词有：find/get/have/want/leave/make/see/hear/notice/watch/observe/feel/keep/order/wish等。这些词后面的宾语如果与后面的宾语补足语是被动关系，即用过去分词。IfoundmyhousebrokenintoafterIreturned.Iwanttohavemyhaircut.Youshouldmakeyourselfheardwhenspeaking.Pleasekeepusinformedofthelatestdevelopment.注意：“have+宾语+过去分词”这一结构有三种不同意义。Wehadtheproblemsolved.（“致使”，一种有意的行为）Shehadherlegbrokeninanaccident.（表示“遭受”，一种无意的行为）Ihavenotanymoneyleft.（“有”）2.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，在意义上相当于一个状语从句。United，westand;divided,wefall.（相当于If/Whenweareunited,westand;if/whenwearedivided,wefall.）Movedbythestory,hedecidedtostudyharder.（相当于Becausehewasmoved…）Havingbeenshownaroundthelibrary,wecametotheclassroombuilding.（相当于Afterwewereshownaround…） 2.with引导的复合宾语中的过去分词with可以引导复合宾语，如果宾语与后面作宾语补足语的动词构成被动关系，则使用过去分词，即“with+宾语+过去分词”结构。Thethiefsattherewithhishandtiedback.Theylayonthefloorwiththewindowclosed.专项训练LI.单句语法填空1.Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring(cook)ameal.答案:tocook由语境可知需用不定式作目的状语。2.Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain(catch).答案：tocatchhavesth.todo“有某事要做”，不定式作后置定语。3.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife，(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.答案：rangingwildlife和rangefrom...to构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词短语作定语，其作用接近于一个定语从句。4.Theparkwasfullofpeople,(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine.答案：enjoyingpeople和enjoy之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。5.IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.答案：permittedreporter与permit之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。6.Though(disappoint)toknowhewouldn’tgetthejobaftertheinterview,Frankthankeduspolitely. 答案：disappointed句意：尽管弗兰克在面试后很失望地得知他不会得到这份工作，但他还是很礼貌地谢了我们。从句是个省略句，补全应是Thoughhewasdisappointedtoknowhewouldn"tgetthejobaftertheinterview.1.WhenMomcamein,hejustpretended(sleep).答案:tobesleeping句意：当妈妈进来时，他假装在睡觉。pretend后跟不定式的进行时，表示假装正在做某事。2.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier(break)intosmallpieces.答案：tobreak句意：汤姆问糖果生产者，他们是否能使巧克力更容易变成小块。“make+宾语+宾补+todo”结构中，不定式用主动形式表被动意义。3.(finish)thepaintingintendedtobeagiftforhergirlfriend,hehadadeepsighofrelief.答案：Havingfinished句意：完成了作为女友礼物的画作，他长舒了一口气。本句中，he和finish为主动关系，且finish所表示的动作在句子谓语had所表示的动作之前发生，故应用现在分词的完成式。4.(expose)toasmuchEnglishaspossibleisagoodwaytolearnEnglishwell.答案：Beingexposed句意：尽可能多地置于英语环境中是学好英语的一个良策。beexposedto“暴露于中”，由句子结构可知，本句中应用动名词短语作主语。5.单句改错1.Tomakeiteasiertogetintouchwithus,you"dbettertokeepthiscardathand.答案:去掉better后的to句意：为了更容易地和我们取得联系， 你最好把这张卡片放在手头上。hadbetterdosth.“最好做某事”，为固定搭配。1.Seeingfromthetopofthehill,thegardenlooksmorebeautiful.答案：Seeing—Seensee与thegarden在逻辑上存在动宾关系，因此用过去分词作状语。2.Ourcompanyisgoingonverywell.Employdozensoflocalwomen,weproducehandmadegoodswithuniquedesignsthatsellwelloverseas.答案：Employ-^Employing第二个句子的主语we是employ这一动作的执行者，因此用现在分词短语作状语。3.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you"llbelesslikelybringyourworkhome.答案：likely后加tobelikelytodosth.“很可能做某事”。4.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots，usedtwigs(树枝)toremoveit.答案：used—using现在分词作状语，表示方式。III.语法填空Drawninsimpleblackandwhite,Tuzki(兔其斤基)doesn’tseemspecialatfirstsight.Butwithtwonarroweyesandslimarms,therabbitcreateshisownspecialmagic.Heisverygoodatusingbodylanguage1(express)differentemotions.His2(present)oninstantmessagingplatformslikeQQandWeChathadmadehiminto3trueicon(偶像，标、志)oftheinterestinggeneration.Itisanachievementneithertherabbit4itscreatorWangMaomaowouldhaveimagined.Asearlyas2006,TuzkilivedonWang’sblog,showing5shewasgoingthroughinherlife.Forinstance,Tuzkiwenttothe dentist,6(eat)instantnoodles,andwatchedhorrormoviesaloneatmidnight—justlikethe29-year-oldBeijingartistherself.“ManypeoplesaidIlookedlikearabbitwhentheyfirstmetme,”Wangsaid,explaininghowshecameup7theideaforTuzki.AtfirsttherabbitrepresentedWangherself.Overtime,8，Tuzkigraduallydevelopedhisowncharacter.“He’sarabbitwithalovingheartwho9(discourage)easilybyreality.Helikestocomplain,buthecanalwaysenjoy10,”shesaid.1.2.3.4.2.6.7.8.9.10.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了聊天表情图——兔斯基的一些情况。1.toexpress考查非谓语动词。usesth.todosth.表示“用做某事”，习惯搭配。2.presence考查词性转换。物主代词后需跟名词。3.a考查不定冠词。atrueicon泛指一个真正的偶像，且true的发音是以辅音音素开头，故填a。4.nor考查固定搭配。此处是neither...nor...结构。5.what考查宾语从句的连接词。展示她生活中经历的事情。what引导宾语从句并在从句中作宾语，表示“……的东西（事情）”。6.ate考查动词的时态。由上文Tuzkiwenttothedentist和下文andwatched...可知此处用一般过去时。7.with考查固定搭配。comeupwith“想出；提出”。8.however考查副词。由时间状语atfirst和overtime等可知情况发生了变化，前后分句是转折关系。9.isdiscouraged考查动词的语态。由后文byreality可知用被 动语态。1.himself考查反身代词。enjoyoneself“玩得开心；过得愉快”。IV.短文改错IcanstillrememberIwasonceaskedtomakespeechbeforethewholeclassattheageof9.YoucanimaginehowshyIwaswhenIthoughtofthatwithsomanyeyesfixedtome.Ihadnomorechoicebuttoprepareforit,though.Thehardestpartwasmyoralpresentationfrommymemory,forreadingfromthepaperwasn’tallowing.TherealmomentbeganbeforeIstoodontheplatformwithmylegstremblingormymindblank.Butmylistenerswerewaitingpatient.Gradually,Ifoundmeback,givingmyspeechatlast.Afterwhatseemedtobealongtime,Iheardallthelistenersapplaudingloudly.Eversincethen，myfearofspeakbeforeabigaudiencehaddisappeared.Actually,nowI’vebecomeagreatspeaker!答案：IcanstillrememberIwasonceaskedtomakeAspeechbeforethe①awholeclassattheageof9.YoucanimaginehowshyIwaswhenIthoughtofthatwithsomanyeyesfixedtome.Ihadnomhre/②on/upon③choicebuttoprepareforit,though.Thehardestpartwasmyoralchoicespresentationfrommymemory,forreadingfromthepaperwasn’tallowing.TherealmomentbeganbeforeIstoodontheplatformwith④aliowed⑤when/as/aftermylegstremblingormymindblank.Butmylistenerswerewaiting⑥andpatient.Gradually，Ifoundmeback,givingmyspeechatlast.After⑦patiently⑧myselfwhatseemedtobealongtime，Iheardallthelistenersapplaudingloudly.Eversincethen,myfearofspeakbeforeabigaudiencehad⑨speaking⑱hasdisappeared.Actually,nowI"vebecomeagreatspeaker! 1.speech前加a考查冠词。speech作“演讲”解，是可数名词。2.to^on/upon考查介词。fix...on/upon“(眼神或注意力)集中于……”，固定搭配。3•去掉more或choice—choices考查名词。havenochoicebut...“除了……别无选择”，固定结构；也可把choice理解为可数名词，前有nomore修饰，故应用复数形式。4.allowing-^allowed考查被动语态。allow与readingfromthepaper之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，意为“读稿上的内容是不允许的”。5.before^when/as/after考查从属连词。站在台上时(when/as)，那一刻才真正开始；或者理解为“站上台之后(after),真正的时刻才到来”。6.01•—and考查并列连词。“双腿发抖”和“脑袋空白”是并列关系。1.patient-*^patiently考查副词。修饰动词wait用patient的副词形式。2.me—myself考查反身代词。Ifoundmyselfback表示“我觉得自己找回了状态”，myself强调自身，宾语与主语所指相同时，宾语用其反身代词形式。3.speak—speaking考查非谓语动词。of为介词，其后若接动词，应用动词-ing形式。4.had—has考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“Eversincethen”可知，应用现在完成时。