2019版高考英语语法专题突破全国通用版（全解析）专项训练：专题9名词性从句word版含解析 11页

专题九名词性从句高考感知k1.（2017.天津高考，4，改编）SheaskedmeIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary，andIadmittedthatIhadn"t.答案：whether句意：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。设空处连接宾语从句，且在句中意为“是否”，故填whether。2.（2017.北京高考，23，改编）Everyyear，makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.答案：whoever句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。“makesthemostbeautifulkite”是主语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，意为“无论谁”，故填whoever。3.（2017•北京高考，26，改编）Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowingshewasheading.答案:where句意：简漫无目的地走在树木林立的街道上，不知道将去何方。“shewasheading”是宾语从句，由heading可知，应填where。4.（2017-江苏高考，26,改编）Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfofitusedtocharge.答案:what本句中，of后接宾语从句，连接词作charge的宾语，此处表示以前收取的费用，因此用what引导宾语从句。5.（2016.北京高考，29）Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonisonecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.答案：that句意：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全远离尘埃。分析句子结构可知is后的表语从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，因此用that引导表语从句。 1.（2015-四川高考，8）Theexhibitiontellsusweshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.答案：why句意：这个展览告诉我们，我们为什么要采取措施阻止空气污染。宾语从句缺少状语，根据语境应用why引导。2.（2015•福建高考，29）_IwonderMaryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.—Byworkingouteveryday.答案：how句意：——我想知道玛丽这些年来是如何保持身材的。通过每天锻炼。根据回答“byworkingouteveryday”可知是询问方式。3.（2015•重庆高考，8）WemustfindoutKarliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.答案：when句意：我们必须弄清楚卡尔什么时候来，以便我们能给他预订房间。根据后面的“sowecanbookaroomforhim”可知这里指时间，故用when引导。4.（2015•浙江高考，6）Ifyouswiminariverorlake,besuretoinvestigateisbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbrancheshiddeninthewater.答案：what句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳的话，务必调查清楚水面之下有什么。水中经常隐藏着岩石或树枝。根据后面的“rocksorbranches”可知，此处要用what来引导。5.（2015.北京高考，35）weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.答案：How句意：我们怎样理解事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大关系。分析句子结构可知“weunderstandthings”为主语从句，结合句意可知要用how引导主语从句，表方式。 名词性从句的句法功能相当于名词词组，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。因此名词性从句又分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。连接词归类 类别功能引导词从w连同只起连接作用.不充当句子成分that，whether,if连接代同起连接作川，并充当主语、宾讲、表语成定语who，whom，whose，which，what，whatever，whichever，whoever连接副同起连接作爪.并在从句中作状语when,where,how.whv.whenever,wherever一、主语从句的注意事项主语从句的一般结构主i/f从句+谐i/i动M+M:他Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.Thatheisthebeststudentintheclassisobvious.it作形式主语的主语从句it作形式主语.真正的主语为that/whether/who...引导的从句Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot.ItbecameclearthatMarydidmakeamistake.川来表示惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理位如此等语气时.主语从句消语动词用(should+)do形式Itisnecessary/important/nat-ural/strange*etc.+that从句Itisnecessarythatone(should)obeythelaw.Itissuggested/requested/pn>-posed/desired，etc.+that从句Itissuggestedthatyou(should)attendtheopeningceremony.二、宾语从句的注意事项主语+及物动同+宾语从句Iknowthatheisanhonestboy.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothezoo?动同后的宾语从句feel,think,find,consider•make等•常川it作形式宾语，宾语从句后我1finditimportantthatweshouldkeepcalmindanger.Youmaythinkitstrangethathewouldlivethere.like，dislike，love，hate，enjoy，appre-ciate等不能直接跟寓语从句，必须用it作形式宾语，后接宾语从句Ilikeitthateveryonepassedtheexam.Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.think,believe•suppose,expect等^后的宾语从句若记否定的，否定同要转移到主句的渭诰动词上Idon"tthinkyouranswersareright.Idon"tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim•ishe?介词后的宾语从句介讷后nf接宾访从句，似连接调wheth-er不可换作iflieoftenthinksofhowhecanmakehisclasslively.Sheworriesaboutwhethershe*sreallygoodenough.三、表语从句的注意事项表语从句常位于连系动词be，look,remain,seem等之后，其连接词还可以有asif/though，because等。主语+系动闻+表语从句Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.because引导表Lft从句强调原W•why引导表语从句强调结果Itsbecauseyou*recareless.ThaiiswhystonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEnglandfields.thereasonwhy从句+be+that从句Thereasonwhyhewasabsentwasthathewasill.what从句+be+that从句Whatcomfortedtheyoungmotherwasthatthebabycametolife.Itlooks/seemsasif/though从句Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Atthattime，itseemedasifIcouldn"tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.主句主in姑advice•demand，suggestion•order,requirement*request,command等时，表语从句用迸拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should+)do”形式Myadviceisthatyou(should)quitsmoking.Mysucsestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.Ouronlyrequestisthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.衣语从句的注意亊项 、同位语从句同位语从句是在主从复合句中，解释说明某一抽象名词内容和实质的从句。同位语从句一般由that引导，that不作句子成分，无语义，但也不可省略，也可由连接代词（如what，which，who）、连接副词（如when,where,why,how）或whether弓I导。考点用法例句1同位诘从句的功能解释说明抽象名同(如belief,fact,hope*idea:doubt•news•conclusion，suggestion«information等〉的具体内容Theking"sdecision(hattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillwasgivenbythegeneral.2同位语从句在句子中的位S存时对以不紧跟4:它所解择说明的名同后面.被别的词隔开IlegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.y专项训练I.单句语法填空1.Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid，“That’sIwasborn.”答案：where根据前面“thehospital”一词及从句结构可知，表语从句中缺少地点状语。2.Itisdifficultforustoimaginelifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.答案：what句意：对我们来说很难想象在古代奴隶们的生活像什么样子。what引导的从句是宾语从句，在宾语从句中what作介词like的宾语。3.AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeishappenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.答案：what句意：正如JohnLennon曾经说过的一样，生活就是当你忙着制订其他计划的时候，发生在你身上的一切。引导词在从句中作主语，指物，表示“东西（事情）”，故用what。4.Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snotshipsarebuiltfor.答案：what句意：船停放在海港里是安全的，但这并非建造船 的目的。表语从句中的介词for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。1.Itrulybelievebeautycomesfromwithin.答案：that句意：我真的相信美来自人的内心。宾语从句意思完整只缺连接词，故用that。2.—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?_Yeah,butIhavenoideahedidit;that’soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.答案：why由题意可知，耶鲁大学是Mike最喜爱的大学之一，可他却拒绝入学，真不知道他为什么会这样。因此填why，引导同位语从句。3.Itisoftenthecaseanythingispossibletothosewhohangontohope.答案：that句意：通常情况下，对于那些坚持希望的人来说，任何事情皆有可能。句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的名词性从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分也不缺意义，故用that引导。4.Somepeoplebelievehashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.答案：whatever句意：有些人相信，无论以前发生过什么，或者现在正发生着什么，都会在未来重现。主语从句中缺少主语，且在从句中表示“无论什么事”，故填whatever。5.Youhavetoknowyou’regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.答案：where句意：如果你要计划到迗某地的最佳路线，你必须首先知道你想要去哪里。由条件从句中的“thebestwayofgettingthere”可知，宾语从句中应用where来引导，在从句中作状语。6.Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwashescored thewinninggoal.答案：when句意：这位足球明星最好的时刻就是他射进了决胜的一球的那一刻。由句前的“thebestmoment”可知表语从句应由when引导。1.单句改错1.MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.答案：that—where由句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句。从句谓语是不及物动词live。故用where引导。2.Thesummerholidayiscoming.MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.答案：how—what根据句意“我”和同学们正在谈论假期里做什么。固定表迗whattodo,howtodosth.。3.Readingherbiography,IwaslostinadmirationforthatDorisLessinghadachievedinliterature.答案：thatwhat介词for后是宾语从句，从句中achieved缺少宾语，故用what引导。4.ThatLiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon"tacceptit.答案：That—Where主语从句中缺少状语，表地点，因此需用where引导。5.1thinkthatimpressesmeabouthispaintingisthecoloursheuses.答案：thatwhatIthink后的宾语从句中缺少主语，指物，故用what。III.语法填空Onedayin1998，Iwenttovisitmy90-year-oldgrandmainanursinghome.Shehadlivedtherefor15years.Butitwasbecominga littlebitsad,partlybecausetheplacewasfullofpeoplewho_1_(be)atthelaststageoftheirlife.What’s2(bad),itwastakingherlongerandlonger2(recognize)me.Shewasreallyexcitedthatdaybecausetheywerehavingadanceparty.Iwasnotabigfanofdancing，4IwasabigfanofGrandma,soIacceptedher5(invite).Duringtheparty,anoldlady_6_(sit)nexttomechattedwithme,sayinghowmuchshelovedmusicanddancing.Notknowing7tosay,Istoodupandinvitedherforadance.Idancedwithalltheladies,8(particular)withGrandma,whichwasawesome.However,Ifeltdiscomfortthroughout_9_party.Ididn’tknowthereasonatthatmoment.Butnow,IrealizeitwasmyfearofwatchingGrandmagrowolder,mypowerlessnesstodoanythingaboutitandthethoughtoflosing10(she)thatmademeuncomfortable.1.2.3.4.1.6.7.8.9.10.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者去养老院看望90岁的奶奶的经历。在那里的一次舞会中，作者与养老院所有的老奶奶都跳了舞，作者从中感触很深。1.were考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，此处为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people;结合句意可知，从句的时态应与主句的时态保持一致。所以填were。2.worse考查固定搭配。What"sworse意思是“更糟樵的是”，相当于副词短语Evenworse/Worsestill。所以填worse。3.torecognize考查非谓语动词。句型Ittakes/tooksb.sometime/moneytodosth.意为“做某事花费某人多长时间或多少钱”。所以填torecognize。4.but/yet考查连词。根据空处前后句子结构可知空处应该填连词；结合空前的“notabigfanofdancing”和空后的“abigfanofGrandma”可知，空处前后有转折含义，所以填but/yet。 1.invitation考查词性转换。根据空前的“acceptedher”可知，空处应该是名词作宾语，意思是“接受她的邀请”，所以填irwitation。2.sitting考查非谓语动词。从句子结构可知，空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，且主语anoldlady与动词sit是逻辑上的主谓关系。所以填sittingo3.what考查疑问代词。根据“疑问代词+不定式”结构及空前的knowing可知，空处应该填疑问代词，意思为“不知道说什么”，所以填what。4.particularly考查词性转换。空后是介词短语withGrandma，介词短语只能用副词修饰。所以填particularlyo5.the考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处的party特指上文中的“adanceparty”，所以填the。6.her考查人称代词。根据空前的losing同时结合句意可知，空处应该填人称代词she的宾格her。IV.短文改错Hello,boysandgirls!Today,Iamgoingtotalkwithwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmgooff.Ifyouhearthealarm,standinlineatthedoorandwaityourteachertoleadyououtside.Stayclosetoyourteacherandclassmate.Don’tpanicorgetoutofline,andtryingtoremainquietandcalmly.Soonthefirefighterswillcomeandputoutafire.Ifit’safalsealarmandthereisnofire,yourteacherwillleadusbacktotheclassroom.Ifyounoticethatwhensomeoneismissingandhurt,tellyourteacherimmediately.答案：Hello,boysandgirls!Today,Iamgoingtotalkwithwhatyou①aboutshoulddowhenafirealarmgooff.Ifyouhearthealarm,standinline②goesatthedoorandwaitAyourteachertoleadyououtside.Staycloseto③foryourteacherandclassmate.Don’tpanicorgetoutofline,andtryingto ①classmates⑤tryremainquietandcalmly.Soonthefirefighterswillcomeandputouta⑥calm⑦thefire.Ifitsafalsealarmandthereisnofire,yourteacherwillleadus⑧you someoneismissingand⑯orbacktotheclassroom.Ifyounoticethatwhen⑨hurt，tellyourteacherimmediately.1.with-*about考查固定搭配。由what引导的宾语从句可知，此处表示“谈论”，故改with为abouto2.go^goes考查动词的时态和主谓一致。when引导的状语从句常用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。afirealarm为单数名词，故谓语动词应当用第三人称单数形式。3.wait后加for考查介词。wait为不及物动词，后跟宾语时要加上介词for。4.classmate^classmates考查名词的数。classmate为可数名词，此处应当用复数形式。5.trying-^try考查祈使句。根据and—词可知应当用动词原形。6.calmly-^calm考查形容词。由并列连词and可知本词与quiet都作系动词remain的表语，词性应与quiet一致。7.a->the考查冠词。前文已提到火灾，这里特指那场火灾。8.us->you考查人称代词。根据短文意思可知此处应用第二人称，表示“你们”，故改us为you。9.去掉when考查宾语从句的连接词。根据句意“如果你们注意到有人失踪或受伤”可知when是多余的。10.and—or考查连词。由语境可知，此处表示“失踪或受伤”，故将and改为表选择关系的连词or。