七下英语语法常考点 40页

七年级下册英语语法总结重点短语1.livein;2.payphone;3.takeawalk;4.acrossfrom;5.nextto;6.thebeginningof;7.playtheguitar;8.havefun;9.takeataxi;10.godown;11.kindsof;12.thanksfor;13.dosomehomework;14.takephotos;15.talkonthephone;16.wantto;17.atnight;18.getout;19.workfor;20.good-looking;21.goshopping;22.abowIof;23.studyfor;24.stayat;25.summercamp;26.soapopera;27.askabout重要句型1.Where’s...from?/Itisfrom...;2.likedoingsth;3.Whereis…？/It’son....;4.Isthere?/Yes,thereis……/No,thereisnotWhydoyoulike……?/Because6.Doyoulike……?/Yes,Ilikeit;no,Idon’tlikeit.;7Wanttobea/an8.Whatdosehedo?/heisa/an;9.Whatdoeshelooklike?/Hehas;10.Whatkindof...doyoulike?/I’dlikesome…；11.Whatdidyoudoonweekend?/Iplayedsports;12.It’stometodosth;13.Wheredidyougoon……?/1wentto…；14.Didyougoto…？/yes,Iwentto";no,Ididn’tgoto…；15.enjoydoingsth;16.findsbdoingsth;17.helpsbdosth;18.Whatdoyouthinkof...交恥用语1•Excuseme;2.You’rewelcome;3.Ihopeyouhaveagreattrip;4.CanIhelpyou?;5.WhatcanIdoforyou?;6.简单的自我介绍重要语法1.地点介词的用法;2.书信格式;3.现在进行时;4.一般过去时;5.宾语从句;6.省略句;7.情态动词Can的用法yuxin7752008-12-0316:58:12［第一类］名词类1.这些女老师们在干什么？［识］Whatarethewomanteachersdoing?［正］Whatarethewomenteachersdoing?［析l在英语屮，当一名词作定语修饰另一名词（单或复数形式）时，作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式；但当man，woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时, 要用其复数形式men,women.1.房间里有多少人?［误］Howmanypeoplesarethereintheroom?［正］Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?［析】people作“人、人们”解时，是个集合名词，其单复数同形。2.我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。［识］Iwanttobuytwobottleofmilkformyson.［正］Iwanttobuytwobottlesofmilkformyson.［析1表示不可数名词的数量时，常用“a/an或数词+表量的可数名词+of+不可数名词”这一结构，其屮当数词大于1时，表量的可数名词要用其复数形式［第二类】动词类4.你妹妹通常什么时候去上学?［误］Whattimedoesyoursisterusuallygoestoschool?［正］Whattimedoesyoursisterusuallygotoschool?［析］借助助动词do(或does)构成疑问句或否定句时，句中的谓语动词用其原形。5.琳达晚上经常做作业，但今晚她在看电视。［识］Lindaoftendoherhomeworkintheevening,butthiseveningshewatchingTV.［正］Lindaoftendoesherhomeworkintheevening,butthiseveningsheiswatchingTV.［析l在初一英语学习阶段，我们接触到丫两种主要时态：一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常和often,usually，sometimes等时间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中，若主语是第三人称单数，谓语 动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作,现在进行时由be(am/is/are)+ving形式构成。5.这双鞋是红色的。［误］Thispairofshoesarered.［正］Thispairofshoesisred.［析】在shoes,trousers,gloves，glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pak（表计量）修饰时，谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。［第三类】代词类6.这张票是她的，不是我的。［识］Thisishersticket.It’snotmy.［正］Thisisherticket.It5snotmine.［析】物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词，而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。7.吴老师教我们英语。［误】MissWuteachesourEnglish.［正】MissWuteachesusEnglish.［析】teachsb.sth..中的sb.作teach的宾语，因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。［第四类】介词类8.你能找到这个问题的答案吗？［识］Canyoufindtheanswerofthisquestion?［正］Canyoufindtheanswertothisquestion?［析】英语中用“theanswerto…”表示“……的答案”。类似结构还有thekeytothedoor,thewaytothezoo等。 5.格林先生星期六上午来这里。间Mr.GreenwillcomehereinSundayevening.［正］Mr.GreenwillcomehereonSundayevening.［析】表示在上午、下午等时，介词要用in;而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时，介词要用on.6.那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。［误］Thatlittlegirlonaredskirtisourteacher’sdaughter.［正］Thatlittlegirlinaredskirtisourteacher’sdaughter.［析】用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时，只能用in，其他介词没有此用法。［第五类］副词类7.莉莉，你为什么不回家呢？［识］Lily，whydon’tyougotohome?［正］Lily，whydon’tyougohorne?［析】coTormson2008-12-0319:29:27最好还是看语法框架qhjlnhld2009-11-0514:48:05一.词汇(1)单词1.介词：in,on,under,behind，near,at,of1).in表示"在......中"，"在......内"。例如 inourclass在我们班上inmybag在我的书包里inthedesk在桌子里intheclassroom在教室里1).on表示"在......上"。例如：onthewall在墙上onthedesk在桌子上ontheblackboard在黑板上2).under表示"在……下"。例如:underthetree在树下underthechair在椅子下underthebed在床K3).behind表示"在后面”。例如:behindthedoor在门后behindthetree在树后4).near表示"在附近"。例如： neartheteacher"sdesk在讲桌附近nearthebed在床附近1).at表示"在......处"。例如：atschool在学校athome在家atthedoor在门口2).of表示"......的"。例如：apictureofourclassroom我们教室的一幅画amapofChina一张中国地图1.冠词a/an/the:冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，如abook;an用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如anapple.a或an与数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。Thisisacat.这是一只猫。 It"sanEnglishbook.这是一本英语书。Hisfatherisaworker.他的爸爸是个工人。the既可以用在可数名词前，也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。Who"stheboyinthehat?戴帽子的男孩是谁呀？Whatcanyouseeintheclassroom?Icanseeabag.Where"sthebag?It’sonthedesk.……你能在教室里看到什么呀？……我能看见一个书包。……书包在哪呀？在桌子上。1.some和any ①在肯定句中用some.例如：Therearesomebooksonthedesk•桌子上有一些书。Lucyhassomegoodbooks露西有一些好书。②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如：Isthereanyinkinyourpen?你的钢第里有墨水吗？Doyouhaveanybrothersandsisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗？Thereisn"tanywaterintheglass•杯子里没有水。⑵记住它们的特殊用法。①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中，这一点我们不久就会学到。例如：WouIdyouliketohavesomeapples?你想吃率果吗？②any也可用于肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如：Anyoneofuscandothis.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。some和any的用法是经常出现的考点，希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。1.family family看作为一个整体时，意思是"家庭"，后面的谓语动词be用单数形式is;如把family看作为家庭成员时，应理解为复数，后面的谓语动词be应用are。Myfamilyisabigfamily.我的家庭是个大家庭。MyfamilyareaIIathomenow.我的家人现在都在家。Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。house指"家"、"房屋”，侧重居住的建筑本身。Hisfamilyareallworkers.他的家人都是工人。MyhomeisinBeijing.我的家在北京。Heisn"tathornenow.他现在不在家。It"sapictureofmyfamily.这是一张我企家的照片。1.little的用法aIittledog一只小狗，alittleboy—个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。*但little还可表示否定意义，意为"少的"，加不可数名词。Thereislittletime.几乎没时间了。Thereislittlewaterinthecup.杯中水很少。⑵词组onthedesk在桌子上behindthechair在椅子后 underthechair在椅子下面inherpencil-box在她的铅笔盒中nearthedoor在门附近apictureofaclassroom—个教室的图片lookatthepicture看这张图片theteacher’sdesk讲桌amapofChina一张中国地图familytree家谱haveaseat坐下，就坐thisway这边走二.日常用语1•Comeandmeetmyfamily.2.Goandsee.IthinkitsLiLei.3.Gladtomeetyou. 2.Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?Icanseeaclock/somebooks.3.Canyouseeanorange?Yes,Ican./No,Icanft.4.Where’sShenzhen?It’snearHongKong.5.Letmesee.（口语）让我想想看。see在这是"明白、懂了”，不可译作"看见”。例如6.Pleasehaveaseat.seat表示"座位"，是个名词。haveaseat表示"就坐"，也可以说takeaseat,和sitdown的意思相同。三.语法1.名词所有格的"。一般有名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为 以下几种形式：（1）.一般惜况下在词尾加例如：Kate"sfatherKate的签签mymother"sfriend我妈妈的朋友（2）.如果复数名词以s结尾，只加。例如：Teachers"Day教师节Theboys*game男孩们的游戏（3）.如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加…s"。例如:Children’sDay儿童节Women"sDay妇女节（4）.表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如：LucyandLily"sroomLucy和Lily的房间KateandJim"sfatherKate和Jim的卷卷动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"*s"，而常常用介词of的短语來表示。 amapofChina一幅中国地图thenameofhercat她的猫的名字apictureofmyfamily我的家庭的一张照片thedoorofthebedroom卧室的门1.祈使句祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please。在句尾时，please前多用逗号。（1）.祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。Goandsee.去看看。Comein,please.请进o(2).祈使句的否定形式常用don’t于句首。Don"tlookatyourbooks.不要看书。Don"tplayontheroad.不要在马路上玩。2.Therebe的句子结构Therebe是一个"存在"句型，表示"有"的意思，肯定句的形式为：Therebe+名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。 be动词单复数的确定，看be后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时，be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时，be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如：Thereisaneraserandtwopensonthedesk.巣子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。Therearetwopensandaneraseronthedesk.巣上有两支钢惹和一块橡皮。(1)therebe的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。否定形式为：Therebe+not+(any)+名词+地点状语。Thereisnotanycatintheroom.房间里没猫。Therearen’tanybooksonthedesk.桌子上没书。(2)therebe句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Bethere+(any)+名词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes,thereis/are.否定回答:No,thereisn*t/aren"t.—Isthereadoginthepicture?画上有一只狗吗？—Yes,thereis.有。—Arethereanyboatsintheriver?河里有船吗？—No,therearen’t.没有。(3)特殊疑问句：Howmany...arethere(+地点状语)？"某地有多少人或物？"回答用Therebe...There"sone./Therearetwo/three/some."有时直接就用数字來回答。One./Two... —Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?教室里有多少学生？—There"sonlyone./Therearenine.只有一个。/有九个。(2)如果名词是不可数名词，用：Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+地点状语？Howmuchwateristhereinthecup?杯中有多少水？Howmuchfoodisthereinthebowl?碗里有多少食物?nk02052009-11-0515:03:13语＞(上)重点句型和词组 七年级（上）Uints1-6I.重点句型StarterGoodmorning/afternoon/evening.Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.Howareyou?I’mfine,/OK,thanks.Fine^thanks.What’sthisinEnglish?lfsamap.It’sV.SpeIIitplease•K-E-Y.Whatcolorisit/thekey?Ifsblue.Thekeyisyellow.Hello,Frank.Hello/Hi,Eric. Unit1MynameisGina.What’syourname?MynameisJenny.I’mJenny.Jenny.Nicetomeetyou.Nicetomeetyou，too.What’shisname?HisnameisJenny.Jenny.What’shername?HernameisLinda..Linda.What’syourfirstname?MyfirstnameisJack.Jack.What’syourlast/familyname?Mylast/familynameisGreen.It’sGreen.What’syour/his/herphonenumber?My/His/Herphonenumberis234-4567It’s281-9176. Unit2Isthisyourpencil?Isthat/this/ityourbackpack?Yes,itis.No，itisn’t.It’shisbackpack.This/Thatismyeraser.Howdoyouspellit/pen?P-E-N•CallAllanat486-67895Call685-6098CallMary.Phone#235-7865.Isthatyourcomputergameinthelostandfoundcase?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.Unit3ThisismysisterThat/Thisishissister.These/Thosearemytwobrothers.Issheyourfriend?Yes,sheis.No,sheisn’t. Isheyourbrother?Yes,heis.No,heisn’t.Thanksforthephotoofyourfamily.Hereismyfamilyphoto.Who’syoursister?This/Sheismysister.Unit4Where’smybackpack?Where’smybackpack?IVsunderthetable.Whereareyourbaseballs?They’reonthefloor.IsthebasebaIIonthesofa?YesJtis.No,itisn’t. Idon’tknow.Aretheyonthebed?Yes,theyare.No，theyaren’t.Arethese/thoseyourbooks?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.Pleasetakethesethingstoyoursister.Canyoubringsomethingstoschool?Thekeysareinthedrawer.Here’smyroom.Unit5Doyouhaveasoccerball?Doyouhaveaping-pongball?丫es，ldo.No,Idon’t. Doeshe/shehaveatennisracket?Yes,he/shedoes.N0,he/shedoesn’t.Let’splayping-pong.It’sboring.Thatsoundsgood/interesting.Idon’thaveaping-pongball.He/Shedoesn’thaveavolleyball.She/Hehasagreatsportscollection.Wehavemanysportsclubs.HewatchesthemonTV. Doyouhavesomemorepaper?Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.Unit6Doyoulikebananas?Doyoulikehamburgers?Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.Doeshe/shelikeasalad?Yes，he/shedoes.No，he/shedoesn’t.She/Helikeshamburgersforlunch.Shedoesn’tlikehamburgers.Let’shaveFrenchfries.Fordinner，shehaschickenandtomatoes.Great! 七年级（上）Units7-12《新Fife英语》重点句子和短语I.重点句型Unit7Howmucharethesepants?HowmuchisthisT-shirt?It’ssevendollars.Howmucharethesesocks?They’retwodollars.CanIhelpyou?=WhatcanIdoforyou?Iwantasweater.=l’dlikeasweaterWhatcolordoyouwant?Hereyouare.I’lltakeit.You’rewelcome•That’sOK.That’sallright.Thebluesweateris7dollars.Wehavesweatersataverygoodprice. Wehavegreatbogsforonly12yuan.WehaveT-shirtsinredfor18dollars.Anybodycanaffordourprices!ComeandseeforyourselfatHuaxingClothesStore!Unit8Whenisyourbirthday?Whenisyourbirthday?It’sOctober25th.MybirthdayisOctobertenth.Whenisyourmother’sbirthday?HerbirthdayisJune8th.Howoldareyou?What’syourage?I’mthirteen. Whenistheschooltrip?Doyouhavingafunbirthday?Happybirthday!Unit9Doyouwanttogotoamovie?Doyouwanttogotoamovie?Iwanttoseeacomedy.Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?Ilikeactionmoviesandcomedies.Shelikesdocumentariesbutshedoesn’tlikethrillers.DoyoulikeBeijingOpera?Shethinksactionmoviesareexciting.SheoftengoestoseeBeijingOperawithherfather.MikeisEnglish.MikeisanEnglishboy.Unit10Canyouplaytheguitar? Whatclubdoyouwanttojoin?Iwanttojointheartclub.Idon’tknow.Canyouswim?Yes,Ican.Whatcanyoudo?Wecanpaint.Canyouplaytheguitar?Canyouhelpkidswithswimming?Areyougoodwithkids?WeneedhelpforourBeidaiheSchoolTrip.Comeandjoinus.Shecan’tsingordance.Shecanplaythepianobutshecan’tplaytheviolin.MusicianswantedforSchoolMusicFestival. Youcanbeinourschoolmusictestival.PleasecallZhangHengat622-6033.Comeandshowus!CanIhelpyou?MayIknowyourname?Whydoyouwanttojointheclub?Unit11Whattimedoyougotoschool?Whattimedoyouusuallygetup，Rick?Iusuallygetupat5o’clock.WhattimedoesAliciatakeashower?Whatafunnytimetoeatbreakfast?Togettowork，hetakestheumber17bustoahotel.Thebususuallytakeshimtoworkat19:15.Canyouthinkwhathisjobis? Whattimeisit?=what’sthetime?It’seightthirty.WhendoesTomusuallyeatdinner?Heusuallyeatsdinnerataroundsix-thirty.Thanksforyourletter.Schoolstartsatnineo’clock.PleasewriteandteIImeaboutyourmorning.Areyouawake?Unit12myfavoritesubjectisscience.Whafsyourfavoritesubject?Myfavoritesubjectisscience.WhydoyoulikeP.E?Becauseit’sfun.Whoisyourscienceteacher?MyscienceteacherisMrWang.Whendoyouhavemath?lhavemathonMonday,WednesdayandFriday. Whydoeshelikescience?AfterclassIhavevoileyballfortwohours.IhaveChinesehistoryclub.Idon’tlikeanysubject.His“subject”isonlyrunningaroundwithme.Doyoureallynotlikeschool?It’sveryexcitingtohaveaChinesefriend.II•词组Units1-6answerthequestionsmytwobrothers computergameanalarmclockaping-pongbatfirstnamelastnamefamilynameplaysportsplaycomputergamessportsclubswatchTVagreatsportscollectioneverydayasetofkeysinthelostandfoundcaseinEnglishicecreamlotsofhealthyfoodplaytennis/ping-pongplayvolleyball/soccer/basketball telephonenumberphonenumberFrenchfriesbroccoliicecreamIDcardschoolIDcardpenciIcasepenciIsharpenerfamilyphotoaphotoofmyfamilythanksforverymuchmathbookEnglishbooktake...to...bring...to...inthebackpackonthesofa underthetablevideotapetennisracketsoccerballabaseballbatsportsclubexcusemeUnits7-12seII...to...buy."from...bagsforsportshowmuchforyourselfataverygoodpriceT-shirtinredcometoclothesstorehavealook(at)onsale dateofbirthaboyofsixteenspeechcontestbirthdaypartyschooldayArt/musicFestivalEnglishpartyschooltripbasketball/voileyballgameChinesecontestyear⑻oldhowoldgotoamovieseeacomedyactionmovieBeijingOperalearnaboutChinesehistoryonweekendsinthemoviewanttodosth.playchessspeakEnglishsayitinEnglishplaytheguitar/piano/thedrumsmusicclubchessclubswimmingclubbasketballclubEnglishclubartclubhelpwantedbegoodwithsb.help...with…musicianswanteddoChineseKungfurockbandschoolshowinthemusicroomalittlelearnaboutThanksalot.e-mailaddress gotoschoolwhattimegetupgohomelistentoeatbreakfast/lunch/dinnerhave/takeashowerveryIonghoursbrushteethgotoworkwatchTVgettoworktakethenumber17bus(to)takesb.To...workallnightgotobedteII...about....knowaboutscieneeteacherfavoritesubjectTVshowinthemorning/afternoon/eveningdohomeworkBestwishes! havemathafterclassbestrictwithsbafterIunchplaywithliketodosth.playsportsafterschoolIII.复数变化this—thesethat——thosehe/she/it——theyam/is——arebook—bookswatch—watchesfamily-—familiestomatoes(key—keys,boy—boys)foot—feetman—menwoman—women IV.介词inonundernexttonearbesidebetween...and...behindoffromafterataroundtoaboutbeforeV.疑问词where，who，what，whatcolor，how，howoId,why,howmuchhowmany，when,which VI.缩写形式that’s=thatishe’s=heisshe’s=sheisit’s=itislet’s=letuscan’t=cannotyou’re=youarel’m=lamwhere’s=whereishow’s=howiswho’s=whoiswhat’s=whatisname,s=nameishere’s=hereiscan’twe’rethey’re=theyareisn’t=isnotaren’t=arenotdon’t=donotdoesn’t=doesnotVII.人称代词与所有格I-me-myyou—you—yourhe—him—hisshe-—her—herit—it—itsAnna-Anna’sthey—them—theirwe—us—our you—you—yourVIII.月份JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecernberIX.数字（见课本P96）X.星期 SundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday