act英语语法点 7页

PunctuationComma1.Heaskedthequestioninaloudvoice,butnooneanswered.（句子，连词+句子）2.Theytravelonwaterinthissimplebutversatileboat.（在这个句子里，but连接一个句子里的两个成分，说到底还是在一个句子里，所以不用逗号）3.Unfortunately,Wangcouldn’tcome;andhisabsencemadethingsdifficultforus.（如果在前一个句子里有逗号了，这就要使用分号）4.Thelittlegirllikestosing,todance,andtoact.（逗号分割几个相同的东西，相当于中文的顿号）5.Dr.Li,thechairmanofthedepartment,willspeakatthemeeting.（在这个句子里，Dr.Li是句子的主语，thechairmanofthedepartment是Dr.Li的补充说明的同位语，所以要用逗号把它割开方便读者区分）6.Paolo,myBrazilianfriend,wasinterestedinmusic.（理由同上）7.TheyaresurprisedtohearmetalkaboutmyBrazilianfriendPaolo.（myBrazilianfriend是修饰Paolo的，相当于appletree,teacherMark,womannurse等）8.Manyvolcanoesseemtobecompletelydormant,thatis,unlikelytoeruptsoon.（thatis是插入语，所以要使用逗号或破折号分开,thatis,或者---thatis----9.Notallviruses,however,straightenthemselvesout.（在这个句子里，主语是viruses，谓语动词是straighten。However是用在一个句子中间的，所以前面用的是逗号。而下面的例子，前后是两句独立完整的话，由以下这些句子连词连接，所以前面用的是句号）10.Wethoughtthefigureswerecorrect.However,wehavenowdiscoveredsomeerrors.Hence,Therefore,Nevertheless,Moreover,Hedidn"tworkhard.Thushewasfired.Otherwise,Besides,11.Thesesamecomputerusersaremorelikelytowaituntiltheseproblemsgettoobadtomanage.（until连接的分句在后，所以标点符号原则是①主句连词引导一个分句。②连词引导一个分句，主句）12.It’snicetoknowthatJoe’sLunchBucket.Anditsneighborlyambiencearejustashortwalkaway.A.NoChangeBBucket,andCBucketandDBucket; 如果选择B，意思为很高兴知道那个叫做Joe’sLunchBucket的汉堡包店，而且它的亲邻氛围仅仅是一步之遥。两个完整的句子之间用and连接。标点符号没错。但是意思不是很贴切。正确答案为C。It’snicetoknowthat(Joe’sLunchBucketanditsneighborlyambiencearejustashortwalkaway.)这样意思是很高兴知道（那个叫做Joe’sLunchBucket的汉堡包店和它的亲邻氛围仅仅是一步之遥。）Dash&Colon1.Father,Mother,JohnandSusan----allweresurprisedbymyannouncement.2.Threecauseshavebeengivenforthefailure:poorplanning,insufficientmanpower,andtheshortageofmaterial.（前面是一句完整地话，前总后分）Grammar1.指代要明确：Remarkably,apersonlearningCherokeeusingthesyllabaryisabletoreadandwritethelanguageinanextremelyshortperiodoftimecomparedtothetimeittakessomeonetomastertheEnglishlanguage.Itsuseamongthenation’sCherokeepeoplespreadquick.改为：Thesyllabary’suse（这是一个常考点，指代一定要明确）2.分句里缺少主语时，它一定是和后面的主句共用一个主语例如：Afterslidingtheshaftofthereplacementfeatheroverthesturdy,lightbamboostick,glue---justatouch---isapplied.A.NochangeB.atouchofglueisappliedbytherehabilitatorC.TheapplicationofatouchofgluefollowsD.TherehabilitatiorappliesatouchofglueAfter引导一个分句，slide这个动词使用的是现在分词形式，说明这个分句的主语与slide是主动关系，Afterslidingtheshaftofthereplacementfeatheroverthesturdy,lightbamboostick,在这个分句里，缺少一个主语，就暗指这个分句的主语和后面的主句里的主语是一致的，所以就要在ABCD四个选项中选择一个可以和slide形成主动关系的主语，A选项是glue胶水作主语，不能和slide滑行形成主动关系。B选项是atouchofglue作主语，不能和slide滑行形成主动关系。C选项是Theapplicationofatouchofglue作主语，不能和slide滑行形成主动关系。只用D选项是Therehabilitatior修补羽毛的人作主语，能和slide滑行形成主动关系。请完成下题：同时请大家思考：你能分清主句和分句吗？①Intacklinghisassignment,popularballgameelementswereborrowed.A.Nochange B.elementsfrompopularballgameswereborrowed.C.Naismithborrowedelementsfrompopularballgames.D.Naismith’sborrowingofelementsfrompopularballgames.②Etchedwiththenamesoffallensoldiers,visitorshadadornedthewallwithflowersandAmericanflagsleftinremembrance.A.NoChangeB.adorningthewallwereflowersandAmericanflagsthatvisitorshadleft.C.flowersandAmericanflagsadornedthewalls,leftbyvisitors.D.thewallwasadornedwithflowersandAmericanflagsthatvisitorshadleft.③AsIlaycryingintomypillow,hearingthedoortothedormsuiteopen.ANochangeBIwashearingCIhearDhavingheard1.简单明了：LettersbetweenthetwosuggestthatSusanmightfrequentlyhavegivenfeedbackonherwork,includingsomeofhermostfamouspoems,composedatherhomeinAmherst,Massachsetts.2.现在分词作补充说明：⑴AfterHelga’sdeath,herownchildrenburnedthehundredsofpagesHelgahadwrittenthroughtheyears,leavingonlyasmallscrapbookofnewspaperclippingsandveryfewdetailsofHelga’slifeorherill-fatedtrip.（AfterHelga’sdeath,herownchildrenburnedthehundredsofpagesHelgahadwrittenthroughtheyears,这是一个有分句，有主句的完整的复合句，后面的leave使用ing形式是补充说明前面一个完整复合句的动作所产生的结果，因为是为整个复合句作补充说明，所以要用逗号隔开）⑵NewcomerstoJoe’smarvelatthestackofcornedbeefandsauerkrautspillingfromthebreadontomyplate.（cornedbeefandsauerkraut是名词意思是牛肉末和酸菜，后面的spill是动词意思是溢出,两者是主动关系，所以要用spilling，补充说明名词牛肉末和酸菜的状态是要溢出来了。所以要紧紧跟在名词牛肉末和酸菜的后面。）请完成下题：①Sarahcalledthem“scalpspecialists”andhairandbeauty“culturists”usingthesetermstoemphasizetheprofessionalnatureofthetreatments.A.NochangeB“culturists”;usingC“culturists”:usingD“culturists,”using②ShecontributedthelargestdonationtotheefforttosaveFrederickDouglass’shome,maintaining,thebuildingasahistoricalmuseum.AnochangeBhome,maintainingChome;maintainingDhomemaintaining,5.现在分词做状语：（状语一般有哪些？）①Beingfullofsurprise,Ihearhercryingassherunstoherroom. A.NochangeBSinceIwassurprised,CBeingsurprised,DMuchtomysurprise,Beingfullofsurprise,这个分句和后面的主句共用一个主语I,作状语。Beingfullofsurprise，就等于SinceIwasfullofsurprise,以此类推，Beingsurprised,就等于SinceIwassurprised,ABC都是一个意思（因为我感到惊讶，我听到她哭了）所以要选择D，让我惊讶的是，…①CuriosityoverwhelmingmeandItiptoethroughthecommonroomtoherstill-opendoor.ANochangeBme,andICme,IDme.ICuriosityoverwhelmingme是一个现在分词构成的分句，主语是Curiosity，动词overwhelm使用ing形式构成原因状语，改成完整的分句应该是：Becausecuriosityoverwhelmsme,Itiptoethroughthecommonroomtoherstill-opendoor.所以要选择分句，主句。②Pupilslearninghisnewmethodandarchitecturalvocabulary,vanderRoheworkedtirelesslyasaneducator,withonlylimitedsuccess.ANochangeBWhilepupilslearnCToteachpupilsDPupilsbeingtaughtAD都是分词形式，A，Pupilslearninghisnew改为完整的句子是Whilepupilslearnthisnew…D，Pupilsbeingtaught改为完整的句子是whilepupilsweretaught…B的动词时态不对，应该是过去时，ABD的意思是当学生们学习…时，这个人…意思不很贴切所以要选择C，为了教学生们学…③BorninKansasin1897,Earhartbrokewhatwerethentherulesforgirlsrightfromthestart.BorninKansasin1897,是分句，和后面的主句共用一个主语Earthart，这个人出生要用被动态，改为完整的句子就应该使WhenhewasborninKansasin1897,Earhartbrokewhat….④Chosenbecauseitwasthenthelargestinlandmanufacturingcityinthecity.becauseitwasthenthelargestinlandmanufacturingcityinthecity这是一个because引导的原因状语从句，前面的动词choose(选择)使用的是它的过去分词表达被动关系，又没主语，说明与后面的because引导的原因状语从句共用一个主语，就是it。这个由一个过去分词构成的主句改成完整的句子应该是Itwaschosenbecauseitwasthenlargest…..6如何辨别定语从句Miessoughttocastoffwhathefoundtobeoneofthemainproblemswithcontemporaryarchitecture,andoverlydecorativeandornamentalstructureswithno”function”werewastefulusesofspaceandmaterial.AnochangeBarchitecturethatCarchitecture,whichDarchitecture:that如果你选择B或C，你就把这个句子当成定语从句来看待了，也就意味着你要定前面的名词architecture，如何辨别定语从句用的是否合适，检验办法是把architecture代入这个定语从句里看看是否句子意思清楚，Miessoughttocastoffwhathefoundtobeoneofthemainproblemswithcontemporaryarchitecture,whichoverlydecorativeandornamentalstructureswith no”function”werewastefulusesofspaceandmaterial.很明显，在这个定语从句里，architectureoverlydecorativeandornamentalstructureswithno”function”werewastefulusesofspaceandmaterial.意思是不清楚的，所以我们认为这里不能使用定语从句。请看以下的句子可否使用定语从句：InordertoescapetheoppressiveNaziregime,vanderRohewholeftGermanyfortheUnitedStatesIamanonlychildwhohasneverbeenmorethan30minutesawayfromherparents.Weattempted“canyoning,”whichwasourmostexhilaratingadventureyet!7.if从句8.固定词组AdaughterwasborntoformersalvesMinervaandOwen.（固定词组bebornto出生于谁家）Allthewhile,IslowlytaughtmyselfmoreChinesewithalanguage.Allthewhile,一直，始终MyprojectteamhadalreadytakenaquicklikingtomeTakealikingtosb/sth(开始喜欢。。。)Ifoughtofffearandcobwebsinequalmeasure.fightoff（努力摆脱某事物）inequalmeasure.(相同地)inactuality(事实上)moreoftenthannot=asoftenasnot=usually(通常)compelsbtodosth（迫使某人做某事）dissuadesbfromdoingsth(劝阻某人做某事)preventsbfromdoingsth(劝阻某人做某事)stopsbfromdoingsth(劝阻某人做某事)IknowIammakingacompletespectacleofmyself.Makeaspectacleofoneself(出某人的洋相，drawattentiontosb)Hisenthusiasmrubbedoffonme.(传染给某人，传递给某人)Whyisitthatwearesocompletelyobsessedwiththehaironourheads?Beobsessedwithsth(着迷于。。。)Befedupwith…（厌倦。。。）lookintosth=investigatesthmypassionforbackpackingtookholdmanyyearsago.(takehold:tobecomestrongeranddifficulttostop)watch(hear)sbdoingsthwatch(hear)sbdosth assuch(从字面意义看；严格说来：)Thenewjobisnotapromotionassuch,butithasgoodprospects.seeingas=since---Acupoftea?----Ihardlythinkso,seeingasI’mgoingoutinabouttwominutes.单词：Sometimes(有时)sometimes(有些次)sometime(一些时间)sometime(某时)reiterate(v.重申)digression(n.离题)apparently(看似，据说)visibly（可以看得见地）preciousparagraphprecedingsentencedeletethefollowingphrasedevastatingeffects（灾难性的影响）persuasiveessay（劝说型文章）sarcasticcomment（讽刺性评论）illuminate(tomakealightshineonsth)enlighten(explainsthtosomeone)preliminarytests(初级考试)simulatecombat（模拟战斗）remainbaffled(保持受挫的)artist—in—residence(大学正式聘来辅导学生的艺术家)thiswasarevelationtosb(对某人是个意外之事)tripledigits(三位数)holdsthinaloft（把某事物举在高处）frantically(疯狂地)sthbealluded(某事物被暗示)duplicatesth(使加倍)sthbeequalinsize(某事物在尺寸方面相同)bootcamp(训练新兵之营地) evildoer(做坏事的人)itwasconsideredextravaganttodosth(被认为做某事是奢侈的)formalattire(正式服装)laxandindifferenttowardsth(对某事物松懈，不关心)therightisviolated(权利被侵犯了)initiatesth(首创某事)somesixtyyearslater(adv.大约)pineforsth（渴望某事）thelegacy(遗产)legitimatetheatre(合法的影院)asubstituteforsth(是对某事物的替代品)discernsth（辨别出某事物）avant—gardefilmmaker(非常先进的电影制片人)makeitapointtodosth(有意地做某事)getfidgety(感到焦躁不安)soundlikeahassle(听起来相似一场激战)beplagued（使受到灾难）patentsth（给某事物申请专利）sluggish(缓慢的)anemotionalwreck(一个感情的脆弱者)