初中英语语法--名词 8页

名词(nouns)的用法及语法专项练习题英语王英语网-少儿英语专家　作者：英语王教…文章来源：本站原创点击数：9033更新时间：2006-6-1915:16:40名词(nouns)的用法及语法专项练习题一、名词的定义名词是表示人、事物和抽象概念等。二、名词的种类1、名词可以根据其意义分为普通名词（commonnoun）和专有名词（propernoun）.普通名词1、类名词book书，table桌，house房子，pencil铅笔2、集体名词family家庭，crowd人群，army军队，police警察3、物质名词milk牛奶，water水，honey蜜，salt盐4、抽象名词honesty诚实，happiness幸福，love爱，experience经历注：有些集体名词如被看作整体时就作单数用，如被看作集体中各个成员时就作复数用.Myfamilyisasmallone.Hisfamilyarewaitingforhim.“people”通常视为person的复数形式，作“民族”解时则有复数形式（peoples）三．名词的数（可数名词和不可数名词）1、可数名词的单数和复数作主语时决定谓语动词的单数和复数；不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。注：其中类名词和集体名词为可数名词(countablenouns);物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词(uncountablenouns)。2、名词的规则复数形式(可数名词)。 名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：构成方法语音例词在词尾加-s1．在清辅音后读作/s/2．在浊辅音后读作/z/1．desk-desks/desks/2．dog-dogs/dCgz/1．在以/s,z,F,V,tF,dV/等音结尾的名词之后加-es2．如词尾为e，只加-s-（e）s读作/iz/1.class-classes/5kla:siz/buzz-buzzes/5bQziz/2．horse-horses/5hC:siz/page-pages/5peidViz/如词尾为-f或-fe，则一般变为-ves-ves读作/vz/knife-knives/naivz/以辅音＋y结尾的名词，变y为i，再加-es-ies读作/iz/family-families/fAmiliz/以元音＋y结尾的名词，加-s-s读作/z/boy-boys/bCiz/以辅音＋o结尾的名词，加-es-es读作/z/tomato-tomatoes/t[5mB:t[uz/以元音＋o结尾的名词，加-s-s读作/z/radio-radios/5reidi[uz/以结尾-th的名词，加-s1．在长元音后,-ths读作/Tz/2．在短元音或辅音后，-ths读作/Ws/1.bath-baths/ba:Tz/2.month-months/mQnWs/ 3.名词的不规则复数形式构成方法例词变内部元音woman/5wum[n/-women/5wimin/tooth/tu:W/-teeth/ti:W牙齿man/mAn/-men/men/mouse/maus/-mice/mais/鼠foot/fut/-feet/fi:t/足词尾加-enchild/5tFaild/-children/5tFildren/ox/Cks/-oxen/5Cks[n/公牛形式不变（复数与单数一样）beer/di[/-deer鹿fish/fiF/-fishsheep/Fi:p/-sheep外来词phenomenon/fi5nCmin[n/-phenomena//fi5nCmin[/现象4.有些名词是复数形式，但实际上作单数用，如politcs,physics,news,theUnitedNations等.5．有些名词通常只有复数形式，如goods,trousers,clothes,series等但这些名词作主语时谓语动词应用复数形式，但前面有apairof时，应用单数形式。Apairoftrousersisn5tenough.Thetrousersarewornout.6.有些集体名词往往作复数用，如cattle,police,fish等。Thepolicearerunningafterthethief.但有些集体名词却往往作单数用，如clothing,machinery等。7.有些名词只作单数用，他们没有复数形式，如knowledge,weather,litter等。 四．限定词与名词的搭配关系。有些限定词只能跟可数名词或不可数名词，而有些限定词跟两者皆可，详见下表：可数名词不可数名词a,the,some,anythe,some,anythis,that,these,thosethis,thatnone,one,two,three,…onealotof,(a)few,fewer…than,more…thanAlargenumberof,agreatnumberof,manyalotof,more…than,much,alargeamountof(a)little,less…than五．名词所有格的形式和用法。1．名词所以格一般是词尾加′s构成，如theboy′sbag;ourteacher′sroom等。如果原词已经有复数词尾-s，则仅仅加一个（′）即可，如boys′school等。词尾无s的复数名词则仍要加′s，如men′sclothes等。2．表示无生命东西的名词的所有格必须用表示，不可用词尾加（′s）或（′），而是用of属格,如,thewindowoftheroom等。但在表示时间、距离以及其他习惯用语中，则需用（′s）或（′）表示所有格，如tenminutes′walk等。3．  所有格的名词在下列情况下应省略：（1）   被所有格修饰的名词是指店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，如：Iwenttomyuncle′s(house)yesterday.（2）   避免重复Thisisnotmybicycle,butLaoLin′s.(省略bicycle)4．双重所有格的形式和用法。 a(this,that…)＋名词＋of＋所有格名词afriendofmyfather′s(=oneofmyfather′sfriends)名词专项练习题1.________isspokenthemostwidelyintheworld. A.Chinese       B.English        C.French      D.Russian2.Iamthirsty.Wouldyoubringme_______,please?     A.somebread    B.sometea     C.somecakes    D.someeggs3.What’swrongwithmyson’s________?Hecan’tseethingsclearlyA.eyes      B.ears        C.mouth      D.nose4．TheAlps（阿尔卑斯山）anareaof200,000squarekilometers.A.isB.areC.hasD.have5．ApairofglasseswhatIneedatthemoment.A.isB.areC.hasD.have6.weliveintheWesten.A.Beijing’soutskirtB.Beijing’soutskirtsC.outskirtofBeijingD.outskirtsofBeijing7.Fivepoundsasmuchasitusedto.A.don’tbuyB.doesn’tbuyC.arebuyingD.isbuying  8.plasticsaremadeinthischemicalworks.A.ManykindofB.ManykindsofC.ManykindsD.Manykind9.“Laowanghasjustmovedintoanewflat.”“Didhehavetobuyforit?”A.manynewfurniture(家具)B.muchnewfurnituresC.muchnewfurnitureD.manynewfurnitures10.changed;whatevermencando,womencandotoo.A.ThetimehasB.ThetimesC.TimeshaveD.Times11.Hehasonhisfarm.A.20headofcattlesB.20headsofcattlesC.20headsofcattleD.20headofcattle12.IwishIcouldgiveyou.A.manyadviceB.muchadviceC.manyadvicesD.alotofadvices13.Ifyougotothehills,youwillseethere.A.muchfinesceneryB.fewfinesceneriesC.afewfinesceneriesD.manyfinesceneries14.Thenewsofthelossessufferedbyourenemymuchworsethanexpected.A.wasB.wereC.areD.has 15.Heopenedtheletteranditcontained.A.animportantinformationB.someimportantinformationsC.manyimportantinformationsD.someimportantinformation16.Ournationalfootballteamreorganized(重新组建)。A.havebeenB.arebeingC.hasbeenD.isto17.Remember;thankyourfriendwhenyouleavetheparty.A.yourmannerB.yourmannersC.hismannerD.hismanners18.Thestudentshopethattheywon’thavetodotoday.A.muchhomeworkB.manyhomeworksC.alotofhomeworksD.fewhomework19.Theysaythepolicealwaysstoppingpeoplefromdoingwhattheywanttodo.A.isB.areC.hasD.have20.WhereisChinaDaily?A.todayB.todayofC.today’sD.oftoday21.TheLuGouBridgeisdescribedinMarcoPolo’s“Travel”asmostbeautifulbridge.A.theworld’sB.world’sC.theworld D.world22.Haveyoueverhadinyourcountry?A.awomen’sboxerB.awoman’sboxerC.awomenboxerD.awomanboxer23.“Howfaristhenewlibraryfromhere?”“It’saboutaway.”A.tenminutewalkB.tenminuteswalkC.tenminutes’walkD.ten-minutewalk24.Theyagreedtomeetat.A.PeterandHelenB.PeterandHelen’sC.Peter’sandHelenD.Peter’sandHelen’sfriend25.Thereisontelevisionthisevening.A.aBeethoven(贝多芬)pianoconcerto(协奏曲)B.aBeethoven’spianoconcertoC.BeethovenpianoconcertoD.pianoconcertoofBeethoven                           名词专项练习题参考答案 (1).B(2).B(3).B(4).C(5).A(6).D(7).B(8).B(9).C(10).C(11).C(12).B(13).A(14).A(15).D(16).C(17).B(18).A(19).B(20).C(21).A(22).D(23).C(24).B(25).A