英语语法——介词的用法 5页

介词：at用于表示时刻，时间的某一点They’llhaveameetingatnineinthemorning,on用于星期、特殊日期(节假日)、有修饰词修饰的早中晚a.at,on,inHesuddenlyreturnedonarainynight.in用于周月年、季节以及泛指的早中晚。Heoftengooutforawalkintheafternoonb.before,after,in略since表示动作的起始点，意为“从…以来”常与完成时连用1.表示时Ihavebeenheresince1989.间的介词csince,by,untiluntil意为”知道…为止”用在肯定句中表示动作一直延续到until所表示的时间为止.Hewasdoinghishomeworkuntilmidnight用在否定句中表示动作直到until所表示的时间才发生Hedidn’tdohishomeworkuntilmidnight.by意为“在…前”Yoursonwillbeallrightbysuppertime.for表示“达…之久”指某一动作持续多久，经常和完成时连用d.during,forWehaveknowneachotherforfiveyearsduring指“在…期间”表示某一动作在某一具体时间内连续发生勇for，而不用duringHewroteduringthenight(但不一定是整夜)Hewroteforonenight(整整一夜)at一般指比较小的地点，如村庄、城镇等a.at,on,inin.一般指比较大的地方。如大城市、国家等on表示某东西在一个平面上。如河流、道路、边界等注意：门牌号用at,road前用on,street前用in或者onon是贴着物体上面2.表示地b.above,over,onover是垂直上方，正上方.反义词是under点的介词above指上方反义词是below注意：指数量时用over，指度量或海拔时用abovec.inthecenterof形状的中心点也可表示重要活动或者食物的中心InthecenterofLondonthereisatallwhitebuildinginthemiddleof线段的中心也可表示时间或成都的中心Shetelephonedmeinthemiddleofnight. 4.表示“沿着”的up,down,alongup是由下而上。进城，从南方到北方，从市区到宅区，从沿海到内陆Hewentuonorthforsummerdown由上而下，出城，从北方到南方，从内陆到沿海Wewentdownthehillbeforesunsetalong是“沿着”从一端到另一端Wewalkedalongtheriver5.表示方位的in,to,onin表示某一范围内的某个方位，包含关系to表示隔海相望的方位，相离关系on表示相邻关系。6.表示经过的介词across,through,overacross指穿过平面，Ittookthemsixweekstowalkacrossthegreatdesert.through指穿过通过立体空间Thestudentswalkedthroughtheforestover指越过Thenwetookoffoverforest7.表示除去的介词besides,exceptbesides”除了…以外，还有”Besideshiswife,hisdaughteralsowenttoseehimexcept“除…以外”Allofthemwenttoseehimexcepthiswife.8.表示手段方法或工具的介词by,in,withby后常接通讯工具、交通工具等，将后面的名词引申为以某种方法或方式做某事（直接加名词）with后接名词，指使用的具体工具或手段。（需加代词或其他修饰语+名词）Idigthisholewithmyhand.我用我的手挖了这个洞。Thesesockswereknittedbyhand.这些袜子是手工针织的。in后接名词表示书写方式或语言风格等（直接加名词）Pleasewriteyournameinink.9.表示行为对象的介词at,toat同某些动词连用，常表示攻击的目标，含有某种程度的恶意to指表示方向，并无恶意可言。Ithrewtheballtohimandhethrewitatthedog.10.表示比较的介词like,aslke侧重于比较，是比喻，并不意味着同一类比较。ThenImadefaces,jumpedlikeamonkeyas侧重同一性，强调属同一类或完全相似。Shespokeofmeasherdearestfriend.11.with的复合结构a.with+名词/代词+现在分词，其中现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作。Hefellasleepwithhisradiosillworking.b.with+名词/代词+过去分词，其中过去分词表示被动或完成了的动作 Withtheproblemsolved,weallfeltveryhappy.c.with+名词/代词+动词不定式，其中不定式表示将要发生的动作Withtheteachertohelpus,wewillmakegreaterprogress.习题：1.Hesuddenlyreturned_______arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during2.Weofferedhimourcongratulation________passingthecollageentranceexam.A.atB.onC.forD.of3.Let’swalkover________thesunontheothersideofthestreetA.inB.toC.underD.by4.Theweatherchanges________theseasonA.byB.withC.forD.from5.________hisgreatjoy,hereceivedabirthdaypresentfromhisparentsinEnland.A.InB.WithC.ToD.At6.________themorningofJune27,theteamreachedthetopofthemountainA.FromB,AtC.InD.On7.Youareright,Dick.Ilooknice_______green..A.onB.inC.forD.with8.OurEnglishteacherisalwaysstrict_______us________ourstudies.A.in;withB.with;onC.on;aboutD.with;in9.Shewaswelldressed________herbirthday.A.inB.atC.onD.with10.Myunclelives_______105BeijingStreetA.onB.atC.toD.of11.Hesetout________theUSAlastnight.A.forB.downC.aboutD.in12.Thegirlwaswounded_________herleftleg_______astoneA.in;withB.in;byC.on;withD.on;by13.ThePacificOceanis________theeastofTaiwanA.byB.ofC.atD.to14.Theboyjumpedintothelake________hiseyesopenA.throughB.withC.atD.by15.Flowershavebeguntoappear_________theearthA.fromunderB.belowC.aboveD.over16.ShewenttoUSA_______wayofJapan.A.byB.onC.inD.to17.Sanyaisinthesouthoftheislandanditisfamous________“TianyaHaijiao.”A.asB.forC.inD.at18.-------Howisitgoing?-------Thanks________theweather,thecropsgrowwell.A.toB.forC.alotD.at 19.Someofusgotoschool_______abike_________times.A.by;onB.in;inC.on;atD.with;to20.------Yourcoatlooksnice.Whatisit_______?------Cotton.A.madeofB.madeinC/madefromD.madeto21.Reading________thesunisn’tgood_________you.A.under;forB.in;forC.in;toD.under;at22.Nothingcanstop________makingfriendswithJack.A.toB.fromC.atD.for23.Mysisterusuallythinks________herownlanguagefirst,thensheturnsherwordsintoEnglish.A.byB.inC.withD,through24.Chinalies_________theeastofAsiaand________thenorthofAustaliaA.to,toB.in,toC.to,inD.in,on25.Thereisanoldbridge_________theriver.A.aboveB.inC.overD.on26.It’srathercoldinmostofSouthChina________inspring.A.ontimeB.atatimeC.attimesD.allthetime27.----Whatdoyouoftendo_______classestorelaxyourself?----ListentomusicA.overB.amongC.betweenD.through28.---Wewillhaveahikingtrip,butwhenshallwemeet?---Let’smakeit__________halfpasteight________themorningofJune23.A.at,inB./,onC./,inD.about,by29.“It’sreallyverykindly_______youtohelpmewiththehouseworkonSundays,”saidGrandmaHuang.A.ofB.withC.forD.from30.Ipaid$25________thebeef,andonlygotalittle.A.forB.onC.inD.to31.Pleaseretellthestory________yourownwords.A.withB.byC.inD.on32.Isthereareportaboutthebadweather_________today’snewspaper.A.inB.onC.atD.of33.Theyoftensit_________thedesklearningEnglsih.A.onB.atC.inD.from34.Therearesomemonkeys_________thetree.A.onB.inC.aboveD.at35.Heworks_________teacher.A.likeB.asC.thesameasD.asa36.Hecanclimbtrees_________amonkey.A.asB.likeC.thesameasD.such37.Isthereanydifference_______animalsandplants?A.fromB.betweenC.amongD.for38.Itisimportant________usstudentstomakeaplan________ourstudiesbeforeanewterm starts.A.for,forB.of,forC.to,ofD.with,on39.________themoneythatMrBrown________,poorMarycouldgobacktoschoolagain.A.In,offeredB.With,offeredC.In,wasofferedD.With,wasoffered40.Peterusuallygetsupearly_________themorning.A.onB.inC.atD.of