高一英语语法动词的被动语态 14页

高一英语语法（4）：动词的被动语态一、常见的被动语态形式主动语态：AdoB被动语态：B+be+done+(byA)；A承受者；B执行者1.以repair为例，写出以下时态的被动语态时态一般进行完成完成进行现在过去将来过去将来2.情态动词的被动语态（情态动词+be+done）*被动语态的时态是通过助动词be来体现的，与其后的done无关。3.E.X.1)You__________(be,want)onthephone.有电话找你。2)Thecity__________(be,liberate)in1949.这座城市是1949年解放的。3)They__________(be,invite)toyourparty.他们将被邀请参加你的晚会。4)Thecar___________(be,repair).车正在修理当中5)Thisbook__________(be,translate)intomanylanguages.这本书已被译成多种语言。6)Theworkersaidthatthetree__________(beplant).工人说要把树种上。7)Thedoor__________(be,paint)then.那时，那道门正在被刷漆。8)Thework__________(be,finish)beforedark.天黑前工作就完成了。9)Thework__________(be,do)today.今天应该完成这工作。10)Hishouse__________(be,sell).他的房子卖掉了。11)Hishouse__________(be,sell)sothathedoesn’thaveanyhousetolivein.他的房子已经被卖掉了因此他没有房子可住了。14 一、被动语态的基本用法（承受者和执行者）1.当强调动作的承受者，将承受者作为谈话的中心时用被动语态。如：Howlong__________themachine____________________(be,use)?这台机器用多久了？2.当没有必要说出动作的执行者或根本不知道动作的执行者是谁时通常用被动语态。如：Allthework__________（be,finish）bynow.3.当动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时常用被动语态。如：Thewindowglass__________(be,break)byastonejustnow.4.有时出于礼貌，不便提到动作的执行者，用被动语态。如：Enough__________(be,do)foryou,butyou’vemadelittleprogress.为你做了很多，然而你却进步很少。（谦虚）二、较为特殊的被动语态结构1.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态doing（现在分词，表正在）1）A+see/hear/notice/find/watch/observe+Bdo（不带to的不定式，表过程）B+be+seen/heard/noticed/found/watched/observed+todo（动词不定式）2）A+let/have/make+B+do（不带to的不定式）B+belet/had/made+todo（动词不定式）如：Hewasseen__________(enter)theroom.2.带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，常把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留不动。*双宾语：vt.+间接宾语+直接宾语tellsb.sth.双宾语14 *复合宾语：vt.+宾语+宾语补足语（宾补）tellsb.todo复合宾语宾语+bedone+宾语补足语（宾补）sb.betoldtodo如：Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughternevertodriveafterdrinking.vt.宾语宾语补足语（宾补）Mrs.Smith’sdaughter__________(be,warn)__________.主语3.短语动词变为被动语态时，把主要动词变为被动形式。如：Theyaregoingtopulldowntheoldhouses.Theoldhouses__________.4.汉语有一类句子不出现主语（无主语主动句），在英语中可用被动结构表示。如：Itissaidthat…据说……Itisreportedthat…据报道……Itissupposedthat…据推测……Itishopedthat…希望……Itiswellknownthat…众所周知……Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…普遍认为……Itissuggestedthat…有人建议……__________heisfamousinhisowncountry.据说他在自己的国家很出名。一、14 主动形式表示被动意义1.表示事物状态特征的连系动词看起来/听起来/摸起来/闻起来/尝起来：look,sound,feel,smell,taste似乎：appear,seem证明：prove变得：go,turn,become,get,grow,+adj.保持：keep,stayfall（fallasleep）如：Theflowers__________sweet.这些花闻起来很香。2.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词read,write,act,iron,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink+adv.如：1)Thispen__________well.这支笔写起来很流畅。2)Thecoat__________conveniently.这件外套洗起来很方便。3)Thisbook__________well.这本书很畅销（卖起来很好）。3.表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如：begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run（运行）,move等。如：Work__________at8o’clockthismorning.工作在今天早上8点开始。4.“in,on,under等+n.”构成prep.短语表被动意义，名词前一般不用冠词（介词的固定搭配）。如：undercontrol（被控制住）,underrepair（在修理中）,underdiscussion（在讨论中）,underconstruction（在修建中）,beyondbelief（难以置信）,beyondone’sreach（够不着）,beyondourhope（始料不及）,forsale（热销中）,forrent（以供出租）,inprint（已出版）,onshow（上演，被展示）,ontrial（受审；在试验中）,outoffashion（过时），insight（被看见）,outofsight（___________）等。如：Thebikeis__________.自行车在修理中。14 1.1)sth.beworth+doingsth.值得（被）做doing2)sth.need/want/require+sth.需要（被）做tobedone如：1)Thenewspaperisworth__________(read).这份报纸值得（被）读。2)Thisbicycleneeds__________(repair).这辆自行车要（被）修了。=Thisbicycleneeds______________________________.2.有些adj.后的todo（动词不定式）有被动的含义。这些adj.构成的句型为：A+be+adj.(easy/hard/difficult/heavy/light/comfortable/fit/dangerous)+todo.A很容易/难/重/轻/合适/危险（被）做。如：Theworkishard__________(do).这项工作很难做。3.too+adj.原级+todo太……而不能（被）做；adj.原级+enough+todo足以……而能够（被）做。如：Thestorywasnotinterestingenough__________(publish).这个故事趣味性不够，不能（被）发表。4.在“A+have+B+todo”的结构中，当todo与它修饰的B有动宾关系，且与该句的A构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，todo一般用主动形式表被动；反之，需使用tobedone的结构表明被动。如：主谓Shehasasistertolookafter.动宾主谓AhaveBtodo动宾14 1)Hehasnothing__________(eat).他没有什么东西可吃。2)Doyouseetheletter__________(type)?你看到那封要打的信了吗？3)Doyouhavemuchwork__________(do)today?你今天有很多工作要做吗？2.某些动词在以物为主语的句子中，其进行时也可以表示被动意义。如：Thedinneriscooking.正在烧饭。一、被动语态与系表结构的区别：被动语态表示动作，主语是动作的承受者；系表结构表示主语的特征或所处的状态。1.AbedonebyB：被动语态；Abedone__________(其他prep.搭配)：系表结构。如：1)Iwasfrightenedbyhisghoststory.我被他的鬼故事吓着了。（被动语态）2)Iwasfrightenedofsnake.我怕蛇。系+表（动词的过去分词做adj.，做系动词的表语，表状态）2.am/is/are+done+时间状语：被动语态；am/is/are+done：系表结构。如：1)Thebankisusuallyclosedatsix.银行通常在6点（被）关门。(被动语态)2)Thebankisnowclosed.银行现在没开门。系+表3.was/were+done+时间、地点、方式、目的状语：被动语态；was/were+done：系表结构。如：1)Thapicturewasdrawnlongago.这幅画是很久以前（被）画的。（被动语态）2)Thepicturewasdrawnwell.这幅画画得很好。系+表二、“get+done”结构的用法1.表示突然、偶然、意外发生的事。如：Thestudentgot__________（hurt）onhiswayhomefromschool.这名学生在放学回家的路上受了伤。14 1.表示反身行为而非被动行为。如：Ihavetoget__________(dress)before7o’clock.7点前我（自己）必须穿戴好。2.表示说话强调动作。比较：1)Wereyouinvitedtotheparty?2)Didyougetinvitedtotheparty?3.这种结构比较常见的搭配有：getarrested（被捕）,getcaught（被抓到）,getconfused（发蒙）,getdelayed（被推迟了）,getengaged（订婚），getmarried（结婚了），getdivorced（离婚了）,getdressed（穿好衣服）,getdrowned（被淹死了）,getdrunk（喝醉了）,getelected（获得选票）,gethit（挨打）,getkilled（毙命）,getlost（迷路）,getstuck（卡住了）。一、表示“据说”的被动句型1.Itissaid(supposed/expected/reported…)that…2.Thereis/aresaid(supposed/known…)tobe…（is和are的选择根据主谓一致中的就近原则）3.sb./sth.is/aresaid(expected/believed…)todo…E.X.1)__________supportedtobeatrainat9:30.2)__________saidthatthirteenisanunluckynumber.3)Mr.Brown__________saidtohavediedoflivercancer（肝癌）.4)__________reportedthatanothersatellitehasbeenputintoorbit（轨道）.5)__________saidtobeplentyofoiloffourcoast.6)He__________believedtohavealreadygotoutofthecountry.7)__________knowntobethousandsofdifferentspeciesofbeetles（甲虫）.二、使用被动语态应注意的问题1.混淆被动语态的时态。2.根据汉语意思误用被动语态。如汉语说“发生变化”，但英语习惯说“变化发生”，此时不能用“变化被发生”。如：Greatchanges__________(takeplace)inmyhometowninthepastyears.14 E.X.Ⅰ.将下列各句的主动语态变成被动语态。1.Thepolicewillsurelyarrestthethieves._____________________________________________________________________2.Thearmyengineersandsoldiershavebuiltabridgeovertheriver._____________________________________________________________________3.Theworkerscouldnotfindthemanageranywhereinthefactory._____________________________________________________________________4.Mysistermadethesoup._____________________________________________________________________5.Hegavemeapresent._____________________________________________________________________6.Mymotherinvitedhimtodinneryesterdayevening._____________________________________________________________________7.Themanageroftensendsthemtorepaircars._____________________________________________________________________8.Thestudentshaveputupthepicturesonthewall._____________________________________________________________________9.Ourschoolbuiltanewteachingbuildinglastyear._____________________________________________________________________10.Wewerecleaningourclassroomatthattime._____________________________________________________________________Ⅱ.单项选择。1.Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducegreatelyifpeople__________toeatmorefruitandvegetables.A.persuadeB.willpersuadeC.bepersuadedD.arepersuaded2.Goodmedicine__________bitter.A.aretastedB.tastes14 C.willbetastedD.wouldbetasted1.---Willyougoskiingwithmethiswintervacation?---It__________.A.alldependB.alldependsC.isalldependedD.isalldepending2.---Howaretheteamplaying?---They’replayingwell,butoneofthem__________hurt.A.gotB.getsC.areD.were3.Accordingtotheartdealer,thepainting__________togoforatleastamilliondollars.A.isexpectedB.expectsC.expectedD.isexpecting4.Thepoliceman’sattentionwassuddentlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich__________placedundertheMinister’scar.A.hasbeenB.wasbeingC.hadbeenD.wouldbe5.Hundredsofjobs__________ifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willlose6.Rainforests__________andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut7.Whenheturnedprofessionalattheageof11,Mike__________tobecomeaworldchampionbyhiscoachandparents.A.expectB.wasexpectingC.wasexpectedD.wouldbeexpected8.---WhydoesLinglinglooksounhappy?---Shehas__________byherclassmates.14 A.laughedB.laughedatC.beenlaughedD.beenlaughedat1.Themomentthe28thOlympicGames__________open,thewholeworldcheered.A.delaredB.havebeendeclaredC.havedeclaredD.weredeclared2.ThisisTed’sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He__________tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling3.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium__________inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted4.---GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?---No,I__________.Didtheyhaveabigwedding?A.wasnotinvitedB.havenotbeeninvitedC.hadn’tbeeninvitedD.didn’tinvite5.Hewas__________tobecleverbutdishonest.A.thoughtasB.thinkingC.thinkD.thoughtof6.Thehero’sstory__________differentlyinthenewspaper.A.wasreportedB.wasreportingC.reportsD.reportedⅢ.用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空。1.Heaskedhismotherforsomemoney,but__________(give)agoodscolding（斥责）.2.Becausehewashurt,thethiefhadtothrowawaythethingsthat__________(notbelong)tohim.3.I__________(catch)inthehardrainonmywaytotheschool.4.I’mafraidyoumust__________(feel)terriblenow.14 1.Theysaidthattheproblem__________(discuss)soon.2.Anewbridge__________(build)overtherivernextyear.3.Atthattimethedesk__________(make).4.Thehall__________(paint)atthemoment,soit__________(notlook)itsbest.5.Itisthethirdtimethatyou__________(be)lateforschoolthisweek.6.Aquarrel__________(break)outbetweenthetwoneighbours.Ⅳ.单项选择。1.Whydon’tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill__________freshforseveraldays.A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestayed2.Withmoreforestbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth__________eachyear.A.iswashingawayB.isbeingwashedawayC.waswashingawayD.arebeingwashedaway3.WhileyouwereinLondonthatyear,theLondonBridge__________.A.wasbeingrepairedB.hadbeenbeingrepairedC.wouldberepairedD.wasrepaired4.Thefifthgenerationofcomputers,withartificialintelligence,__________andperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped5.Iwasshockedtohearthatyourhouse__________into.A.wasbrokenB.brokeC.hasbeenbrokenD.hadbeenbroken6.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool__________abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent14 1.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,people’slife__________inthepastfewyears.A.improvedB.hasimprovedC.isimprovedD.hadimproved2.---Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou__________thisjob?---Well,I’mthinkingaboutthesalary…A.offerB.willofferC.areofferedD.willbeoffered3.QQ,apopularnetchattingtool,__________animportantpartinourdailyinstantcommunication.A.hadbeenplayingB.haveplayedC.isplayingD.willbeplaying4.Itissaidthatanewrobot__________byhiminafewdays.A.designedB.hasbeendesignedC.willbedesignedD.willhavebeendesigned5.Wearelate.Iexpectthefilm__________bythetimewegettothecinema.A.willhavealreadystartedB.whouldalreadeyhavestartedC.shallhavealreadystartedD.hasalreadybeenstarted6.Shewillstopshowingoffifnonotice__________ofher.A.istakenB.takesC.willbetakenD.hastaken7.---Haveyoumovedintothenewflat?---Notyet.Theroom__________.A.hasbeenpaintedB.ispaintedC.paintsD.isbeingpainted8.Mypictures__________untilnextFriday.A.won’tdevelopB.aren’tdevelopedC.don’tdevelopD.won’tbedeveloped14 1.Tim__________sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.A.hadbeenunemployedB.wasunemployedC.hasbeenunemployedD.hasunemployed2.I’llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecausewe__________ifweleaveithere.A.wouldbefinedB.willbefinedC.willbeingfinedD.willhavebeenfined3.__________twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreonSaturday.Shallwegoandseeittogether?A.TheyhavebeengivenB.IhavebeengivenC.IamgivenD.Theyhavegiventome4.Thegoods__________whenwearrivedattheairport.A.werejustunloadingB.werejustbeenunloadingC.hadjustunloadedD.werejustbeingunloaded5.Mostenvironmentproblemsexistbecauseadequatemeasuresforpreventingthem__________takeninthepast.A.wasnotB.werenotC.werenotbeingD.hadnotbeen6.Yououghttohaveputthemilkintherefrigerator;now__________sour（酸）.A.IsmellB.itissmeltC.itsmellsD.itissmelling7.Theyoungteacherhas__________competent（有能力的，可以胜任的）.A.beenprovedtobeB.provedtobeC.beenprovedD.provedbeing8.Aftersynthetic（合成纤维）__________,engineershadabetterchoiceofmaterial.A.createdB.hascreatedC.hasbeencreatedD.hadbeencreated14 1.Ithinkmuchattention__________yourpronunciation.A.mustbepaidtoB.oughttobepaidC.mustpaytoD.shouldbepaid2.Since1970,millionsofenthusiasts（狂热者）__________VitaminC,whichtheybelievecanremedy（治疗）thecommoncold.A.havetakenB.havebeentakenC.havebeentakingD.havebeentaking3.Idon’tremember__________thechancetotrythismethod.A.havingbeengivenB.tohavebeengivenC.havinggivenD.tohavegiven4.Wecouldasksomeonetodotheworkprivatelywithoutit__________.A.knowB.beknownC.beingknownD.tobeknown5.TheywouldtellhowtheAfrican__________onashiptoanAmericanport.A.wasbroughtB.couldhavebeenbroughtC.hadbeenbroughtD.wastobebrought6.Hedoesnotpossessabicycle;theoneheuses__________toPeter.A.isbelongedB.belongedC.belongsD.isbelonging7.Negotiation__________againwithMoscowtomorrow;agreateventwillbediscussedthen.A.istobeopenedB.isonthepointof（即将）openingC.isgoingtoopenD.opens14