高中英语语法定语从句总复习2 16页

高中英语语法定语从句总复习定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。一、关系带词引导的定语从句1.关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句  代替人代替物代替人或物主语Whowhich 主语Whomwhichthat宾语Whose(=ofwhom)Whose(=ofwhich)that 例１：ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.例２：ThebookwhichIamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.２．关系代词的用法(1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：Allthepeoplethatareburstintotears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。）(2)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,most,no,some,very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which,who，或whom。   (3)非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartintheelection,mostofwhom、arewelleducated.(4)which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this相似，并可以指人。例如：Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.  (5)that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。 (6)which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特征．品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以是限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。(7)如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。(8)先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。(9)如果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,关系代词应该用who或whom，不用which。例如：Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?（在这的所有人中谁和你一起去？）关系代词which重要用法说明■关系代词which只用于指事或物，不用于指人，它在定语从句中主要用作主语或宾语。如：Shewasnotonthetrainwhicharrivedjustnow.她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。(关系代词which指train，在从句中用作主语)Henevergotbackthemoneywhichhehadlenthim.他从未收回他曾借给他的那笔钱。(关系代词which指money，在从句中用作宾语)■which用于引导限制性定语从句外，还可以引导非限制定语从句。如：Theshipstruckaniceberg,whichtoreahugeholeinherside.船碰在一座冰山上，船帮被撞出一个大洞。Shegavemethisjumper,whichshehadknittedherself.她送给我这件羊毛衫，这是她亲手织的。Thismachine,whichIhavelookedafterfortwentyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.这台机器我已经照管了20年，现在仍然没一点儿毛病。■which有时也可用作定语，尤其用于“介词+which+名词”这类结构中，此时的which含有this或that的意味。如：Hemaybebusy,inwhichcaseI’llcalllater.他可能忙，如若如此，我以后再来拜访。Imayhavetoworklate,inwhichcaseI’lltelephone.我可能得晚点下班，那样我会打电话的。 Helosthistemper,atwhichpointIdecidedtogohome.他发脾气了，这时我就决定回家了。HewasappointedLordChancellor,inwhichposthespenttherestofhislife.他被任命为大法官，在这个职位上度过了他的后半生。Thepostmancomesat6.30inthemorning,atwhichtimeIamusuallyfastasleep.邮递员早晨6点30分来，这个时候我通常还睡着大觉呢。ItwasderivedfromPosidonius,forwhichreasonmuchofitsinformationmaywellhavebeenoutofdate.它源于鲍森杜尼尔斯。由于这个原因，它的大部分信息很可能已经过时。有时其前也可以没有介词。如：Heisstudyingeconomics,whichknoweledgeisveryimportanttoday.他学经济学，这种知识现今很重要。HespokeinGreek,whichlanguageIcouldonlyfollowwithdifficulty.他说希腊语，我听起来很吃力。■关系代词which有时可用于指人。原则上说，which用于指事物，不用于指人。但以下情况属于例外：1.用于在指人的名词之后，指不强调性别的婴儿：Hewasthelastchildwhichwasborn.他是最后出生的孩子。(which指小孩)2.当不是指具体的某人，而是指人的属性（如职业、身份、地位、职务、品质、特征等）时，则也用关系代词which而不用who。如：Theyaccusedhimofbeingatraitor,whichhewas.他们指控他是叛徒，他真是叛徒。Shetalkedlikeanative,whichshehardlywas.她说起话来像是个本地人，其实她不见得是。■在非常正式的文体中，代词that后可以接一个修饰它的定语从句，这个定语从句通常用which来引导。如：Theysaytheonlyrealknowledgeisthatwhichcanbemeasured.据说唯一真实的知识是可以检验的知识。在现代英语中，thatwhich通常用what来代替。如：Wehavethatwhich(=what)weneed.我们需要的东西都有了。 Thatwhich(=What)manypeoplesayisnotalwaystrue.很多人说的话并不表示一定是真的。３．“介词＋关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构(1)“介词＋关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词＋关系代词“结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等，关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that。 (2)fromwhere为“介词＋关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如：Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethetown.. (3)像listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof. （这是她曾今照顾的孩子。）　二、关系副词引导的定语从句1．关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间．地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。2.that可引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因That有时可以代替关系副词when,where或者why引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因，在that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1．二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词，引导词同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词．关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。2．关系代词和关系副词的选择依据 (1)弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语．宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。3. 先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如： ThisisthearticlewrittenbyhimthatIspoketoyouabout..四、As在定语从句中的用法1.引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（１）as多与such或thesame连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。（２）as也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如：Theelephant’snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee. (３）thesame…that与thesame…as在意思上是不同的。2．As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面．中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：Asisexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.定语从句专练习题讲解1.Nearlyallthestreetsareinstraightlines,________fromeasttowest.Those________runfromnorthtosoutharecalledavenues.A.running;that                   B.run;whoC.running;who                D.run;that2.Thisisthecase________he’shadallhismoneystolen.A.when                      B.whereC.that                      D.onwhich3.Mr.SmithwillpayavisittoBeijingthisautumn,________wewillenjoytheOlympicGamesin2008.A.where                     B.whenC.which                    D.how4.Theartistwillnotpaintpeopleoranimalsbuthewillpaintanything________.A.thatthelittlegirlaskshim       B.thelittlegirlaskshimtoC.forthelittlegirltoaskhim      D.whatthelittlegirlaskshim5.—Howdidyougetintouchwiththetravelagent,Robin?—Oh,that’seasy.IsurfedtheInternetandthencalledone________thetelephonenumberisprovided.A.which                     B.inwhichC.ofwhich                   D.whose6.October15thismybirthday,________Iwillneverforget.A.when              B.thatC.what             D.which7.Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepoint________hecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.A.when                       B.whereC.which                    D.whose 8.ThereareseveralresearchcentersinChina________acertaindiseasecalledBirdFluisbeingstudied.A.which                        B.whereC.when                       D.what9.Ihopethatthelittle________Ihavebeenabletododoesgoodtothemall.A.which                       B.whatC.that                         D.when10.Thetimeisnotfaraway________moderncommunicationswillbecomewidespreadinChina’svastcountryside.A.as                           B.whenC.until                       D.before五．各种关系代词的使用方法a)关系代词who的用法i.who的前行词必须是人，在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾语的whom,但是它前边不能有介词，如果带了介词就必须用宾格的whom:（介词+whom）Thisistheteacherwhoteachesusmathematics.Sheisthegirlwho(whom)Imetattheparty.（可以替代）Sheisthegirlwhom(who)Iwenttherewith.（可以替代）SheisthegirlwithwhomIwentthere.（不可替代）ii.who，that在很多情况下可以通用，但是有些情况只能用who:1.先行词是one,ones,anyone的时候宜用who.Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.Theoneswhoflattermedon’tpleaseme.Don’ttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtn’ttoknowit.Anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized.2.先行词为those的时候，宜用who为关系代词Thosewhowerenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.3.当先行词有比较长的后置定语的时候ImetaforeignerinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldaskedmequestionsinChinese.4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词为that,另一个则用who. Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.5.在therebe开头的句子中Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.b)关系代词whose的用法whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。当代物的时候，它相当于ofwhich.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.I’llcallapersonwhosefatherknowsyou.Whichisthecarwhoseowneryouknow?(Whichisthecartheownerofwhichyouknow)Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.(Pleaseshowmethebookthecoverofwhichisred)c)关系代词that的用法首先特别注意，that只能用在限定性定语从句中，在非限定性定语从句中永远不能选用that,另外介词后边也不可用that,而是跟which.在限定性定语从句中，which和that在代替物的时候，一般可以通用。Themoneythat(which)isinthewalletismine.d)关系代词which的用法在非限定性定语从句中，只宜用which,不宜用that.Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isaverybeautifulcity.在限定性定语从句中which和that在指代物的时候常常可以通用，但是有时只宜用which而不用thati.关系代词前面有介词的时候Thisisthehotelinwhichyouwillstay. ii.如果有两个定语从句，其中的一句的关系词是that,另一句宜用which.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用。例如：Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和"介词+which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：Hisfatherdiedtheyear（that/when/inwhich）hewasborn.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。Heisunlikelytofindtheplace（that/where/inwhich）helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。一.定义：1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有where,when,why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。3结构：先行词+关系词+从句二.关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.(2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用限定词名词+ofwhich或ofwhich+限定词名词结构来代替 (3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that，不可以省略；指物时用which，不能用that，不可以省略；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)(2)Themanwithwho/thatyoutalkedismyfriend.(F)(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someof whichhavegonebad.(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities. 4.限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况 1．当先行词是some(something除外),anything,everything,nothing,/few,little,/all,none,等代词时，或者是由some,any,every,no,/few,little,/all,much/thevery,theonly，oneof等修饰时 (1)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid? (2)Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld. (3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone. (4)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou. (5)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy, (6)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned. (7)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who (4)Anymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywon"tdosuchathing.2. 当先行词被序数词修饰或本身是序数词 (1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰或本身是形容词最高级 (1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.4.  当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时 (1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere? (2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?5.当先行词既有人，也有物时 (1)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?6. 在Therebe句型中7.先行词在主句中做表语，或关系代词在从句中做表语。 经典习题：1.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?    A.that       B.where    C.inwhich   D.theone2.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?    A.that        B.where   C.which     D.theone3.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?    A.that        B.where    C.which     D.theone四．关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.2.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.3.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon"tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.(3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/whereIwasborn.五．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1.区别： 1)形式：非限制性定语从句与先行词之间通常有逗号，而限制性定语从句与先行词之间则无逗号。TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.2)关系：限制性定语从句与先行词的关系非常密切，是先行词不可缺少的部分；而非限制性定语从句在意义上只是先行词的一个附加修饰语，对先行词只起进一步补充说明的作用。3)先行词：限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词，非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个句子或其中的一部分。2.非限制性定语从句的“四个不能”1)非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。2)非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用forwhich代替。Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.3)由“介词+关系代词”时，关系代词不能用as。4)指人的关系代词作宾语时用whom，不能省略。注意:区分以下几个句子的不同——理解即可 (1)Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege. 他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥） (2)Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.  他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）难点分析   （一）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句 as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1．先行词：As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。 (1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.(2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.2.位置：as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句或先行词之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思 (1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry. (2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent. (3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter. (4)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon"tbelieve. 注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which3.当先行词受such,thesame，so,as修饰时，常用as (1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells. (2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks. (3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意：当先行次由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同A.SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary"swedding.她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。B.Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.    她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。（二）以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导，而且通常可以省略。Thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising.（三）区分定语从句和同位语从句1)．从句和先行词的关系：定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系  (1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.    定语从句 (2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.    同位语从句2)．关系词：同位语从句的连词that不能省略，而定语从句的关系代词that，当其在从句中作宾语、表语时可省略，作主语也不可省略。I’veheardthenewsthathevisitedourfactory.I’veheardthenewsthathetoldyoutheotherday当when,why,where引导同位语从句时，它们为连接副词。虽然它们在从句中充当句子成分，但前面却没有与其意义相当的先行词。Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.   。Theproblemwherewegotthemachineneededhasalreadybeensolved.引导定语从句的when,where,why是关系副词，在其前面分别有表示时间、地点、原因或方式意义的名词作先先词。IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.ThefactorywhereIonceworkedhaschangedalot.(四)定语从句的做题方法：一．找出主句，确定先行词；二.找出从句，判断从句是否完整(是否符合简单句的基本构成)——否，用关系代词；是，用关系副词。定语从句专项练习1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren"sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayed    B.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedat D.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich5.Thatistheday______I"llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Thefactory______we"llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyear B.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyear  D.thatyoutalked9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday? A.aboutwhichyoutalked  B.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalked   D.thatyoutalked10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who"sC.whichD.whose14.I"minterestedin______youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as16.Heisn"tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim19.Idon"tlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what