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中考英语语法专项复习主谓一致主谓一致是中考英语的重要语法项目之一,从近年来中考的试题来看,中考主谓一致方面的考题主要考知识的记忆情况。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择,完型填空等。做这类题时,必须找出句子的真正主语,然后根据记忆的知识作出判断。同时,要遵循三个原则:语法一致.意义一致和就近原则。以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数I由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数思维导图记知识(由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式/主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有but,except,besides,with等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数Vi一些只有复数形式的名词,如people,police,cattle,clothes等作主语时,谓语动词姜用复数I由each,some,any,no,cvcrv构成(的复合代词作主•语时,谓“语动词都用单数有两部分构成的物体的名词,,如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors等作主语时,谓语动词用复数表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数有些集合名词,如family,team等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数意义一致的原则邻近一致的原则不定代/司由all.most,more,some,any,none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式厂疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数/“分数或百分数+of+名词""构成的词组作主语时,N其谓语动词要以Of后面的名词而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动词用单数half,therest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数由what引导地主于从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语,往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如杲这种主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数;如杲指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式由连词or,eitheror,neithernor,notonly...butalso,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致在^Therebe"句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致aswellas和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致以here头的句子,其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致
主谓一致概述:谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1.语法一致的原则(1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:Hegoestoschoolearlyeverymorning・Thechildrenareplayingoutside.Toworkhardisnecessaryforastudent.(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:BothheandIareright.MrBlackandMrsBlackhaveasoncalledTom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:Histeacherandfriendisabeautifulgirl.Thepoetandwriterhascome.(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtohelp.(4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有but,except,besides,with等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如:Theteacherwithhisstudentsisgoingtovisitthemuseum・Nobodybuttwoboyswaslateforclass.Breadandbutterisadailyfoodinthewest.(5)一些只有复数形式的名词,如people,police,cattle,clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:Alotofpeoplearedancingoutside・Thepolicearelookingforlostboy.(6)由each,some,any,no,every构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如:Iseverybodyready?Somebodyisusingthephone.(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:Wherearemyshoes?Ican"tfindthem.Yourtrousersaredirty・You"dbetterchangethem・如果这类名词前用了apairof等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pah•的单复数形式。例如:Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.Mynewpairofsocksisonthebed・2.意义一致的原则(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:
Twentyyearsisnotalongtime.Tendollarsistoodea匚(2)有些集合名词,如family,team等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。例如:Myfamilyisbigone.MyfamilyarewatchingTV.(3)不定代词由all,most,more,some,any,none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如:Alloftheworkhasbeenfinished.Allofthepeoplehavegone.(4)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如:Whoisyourbrother?WhoareLeaguemembers?(5)“分数或百分数+of+名词""构成的词组作主语时,其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如:Itissaidthat35percentofthedoctorsarewomen.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.(6)half,therest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如:Ihavereadalargepartofthebook,therestismoredifficult.Onlytenstudentsattendedtheclassbecausealltherestwereoffsick.(7)由what引导地主于从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:Whatshesaidiscorrect.Whatsheleftmeareafewoldbooks.(8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)""作主语,往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.Thedeadisafamousperson.1.邻近一致的原则(1)由连词or,eitheror,neithernor,notonly...butalso,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,—个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。例如:EitheryouorIamright.
Neitherthechildrennortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit.(2)在“Therebe"句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。Therearetwoapplesandoneeggini匚(3)aswellas和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。HeaswellasIisresponsibleforil・不但是我,他对这件事也有责任。(4)以here头的句子,其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。Hereisaletterandsomebooksforyou.考点一:由or,either...or…,neither…nor…,notonly...butalso…,whether…or…等连接并列主语时,常采用就近原则,动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。[典例1]NotonlyJimbutalsohissisterafewcitiesinthesouthsincetheycametoChina.[临沂市]A・willvisitB.hasvisitedC・havevisitedD・visited[解析]本题既考查时态,又考查并列连词notonly...butalso的用法。由时间状语sincetheycametoChina,可判断用现在完成时,排除A、D两项;nolonly...butalso连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词要用“就近原则。【答案】B举一反三l.NeitherJimnorhiscousinstoAmerica,butofthemknowthecountryverywell.[07年潍坊市]A•havebeen;al1B.havebeen;bothChasbeen;allD.hasbeen;both2•NotonlyhisparentsbutalsohisbrothertotheSummerPalace.Theyhaven^tbeenback.A.havebeenB.havegoneC・hasbeenD.hasgone3.Neithermyfathergoingtoseethepatient.A.nor1amB.norIareC・ormeareD・ormeis考点二:thenumberof+复数名词,主语是thenumber(数量),谓语动词用单数;anumberof+复数名词,主语是复数名词,anumberof作定语,相当于many,谓语动词用复数。【典例2]Look!ThereplayingwiththetouristsonYinheSquare.(2004包头)A.areanumberofdeerB・areanumberofdeersC・isanumberofdeerD.isanumberofdeers[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是anumberofdeer,是个复数概念,因此谓语动词应用复数形式。(
deer单复数相同)【答案】A1.Thenumberofinourclassfifty.(2004山东烟台)A・student,isB.thestudents,areC.thestudents,isD.students,are2.Look!ThereplayingwiththetouristsonYinheSquare.(2004包头)A・areanumberofdeerB・areanumberofdeersC・isanumberofdeerD・isanumberofdeers2・Thenumberofinourclassfifty.A.student,isB・(hestudents,areC.thestudents,isD.students,are3.ThenumberofthestuderHsinourclass54.A・isB.areC.hasD.have考点三:and连接的两个单数名词作主语。【典例】Treesandflowerseveryyeartomakeourcountiymorebeautiful.[陕西省]A・isplantedB.wasplantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted[解析]everyyear说明本句表示的是一般现在时的概念,去掉B、D项;treesandflowers表达复数意义,所以选C项。【答案】C举一反三l.Alibrarywithfivethousandbookstothenationasagift.A.isofferedB・hasofferedC・areofferedD・haveoffered2・Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryyet.A•isnotdecidedB•arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD・havenotdecided考点四:表示时间、距离、金钱、体积或数字等的词语作主语且表示总量时,谓语动词用单数。【典例4】…Howmuchtheshoes?-Fivedollarsenough.[年青岛市]A•is;isBare;isC.are;areD・is;are[解析]答案为B。shoes作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式;fivedollars是一个整体,应按单数对待。【答案】B举一反三
LHowtimeflies!Tenyearspassed.(2004天津)A.haveB.hasC.isD.are2.(2017-四川宜宾・27)Twomonthsalongtime.Wecanvisitourgrandparentsduringthevacation.
A.amB.isC.are考点五:就近原则-Therenomilkinthefridge.Couldyougetsomeforme,Dick?—Allright,Mum.[福州市]A.isB.areC.wasD.were[解析]本题考查“therebe"句型中be的数及时态,be在数上要与最近的主语保持一致.句子的主语是不可数名词,所以be应使用单数形式,B、D两项可以排除。【答案】A举一反三1.NotonlyJimbutalsohissisterafewcitiesinthesouthsincetheycametoChina.[07临沂市]A.willvisitB.hasvisitedC・havevisitedD・visited2.NeitherJimnorhiscousinstoAmerica,butofthemknowthecountryverywell.[07年潍坊市]A.havebeen;al1B・havebeen;bothChasbeen;allD.hasbeen;both3.(2017-贵州铜仁-27)—Whafsinthepicture?一Thereateacherandsomestudentsplayinggamesontheplayground.i真题在线I1・(2017-贵州安顺・27)一thereanythingnewintodaysQianzhongMorningDaily?一No.Buttheresomeinspiringstoriesworthreading.A.Is;isB.Are;areC.Is;areD.Are;is2.(2017-贵州贵阳-40)Weallknowthatoneoftheworld"smostpopularsportsfootball.A.amB.isC.are3.(2017-贵州六盘水-3)Thenumberofthestudentsover2,000inourschool.A・isB.areC・heD.were4.(2017-贵州铜仁・27)一What"sinthepicture?一Thereateacherandsomestudentsplayinggamesontheplayground.A.isB.areC.hasD・have5.(2017-黑龙江齐齐哈尔-10)AnumberofvisitorsvisitingtheWestLakeandthenumberofthevisitorsincreasing.A.are;isB.is;areC・are;are6.(2017•四川攀枝花・31)OnegreatthingaboutSingapore?unlikemostotherAsiancountries,thatthetemperatureisalmostthesameallyearround.A.areB・isC.wasD.were
1.(2017-内蒙古呼和浩特-14)Mary,ismyfriend,aswellashersisters,ChineseinChina.8.Howtimeflies!Tenyearspassed・A.haveB.hasC.isD.are9.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMarytiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC・amD.be10.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty、butanumberofthemabsentfordifferentreasons.A・were,wasB・was,wasC・was、wereD・were・were11・Betweenthetwobuildingsamonument・A•isstandingB•standingC•standsD.stand12.Manyastudentthatmistakebefore・A.hadmadeB.hasbeenmadeC・havemadeD.hasmade13.Noneofthemoneyhis・A.isB.areC・belongsD・were14.Aboutthree一fifthsoftheworkdoneyesterday•A.hadB.wasC.wereD.have15.Neitheryoursisternorminethegoodnews.Let"stellthem.A・knowBknowsC・KnewKey:l-5:CBAAA6-10:BDBBC11-15:CDABB模拟演练1.There(be)somemilk,twoeggsandafewapplesonthetable.Youcantakethemaway.Thanks.Iwill.2.Nobodybuttwoboys(be)lateforclassyesterday.3.Johnwithhisparents(have)beeninAustraliaforabouttwoyears.4.Howmuch(be)thispairofjeans?Twentydollars(be)enough・5.Thenumberofpeopleinvited(be)fifty,butanumberofthem(be)absentfordifferentreasons.6・Whatwouldyouliketohaveforsupper?Eithernoodlesorrice(be)OK.Idon"tmind・Key:is,is,hasjsjsjs,are,is