高中英语语法it的用法讲解与练习1 8页

It的用法It的用法在高考中也是重现率较高的语言点，尤其是it用于强调句。其考查方式多通过“单项填空”进行，偶尔也出现在“短文改错”和“完形填空”中。一、要点点拔1．代替上文中提到过的人或事物。指代人时，一般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。1)－Whoisthebaby?　　　－It‘smyteacher’sson．2)－Whoisthatgentleman?－It"smyfriendTom．He(不可用It)wantstoseeyou．2．用于表达天气、环境、时间、距离、季节等。例如：1)It’shalfanhour’swalkfromheretoourschool．2)It‘sniceandwarmhere．3)Butit"stwoo"clocknow,andit"stimeforustogotoschool．3．用作形式主语.it没有具体意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子后尾，使句子显得平稳一些，能借it给移至句子后尾的主语有三种：一种由不定式表示，一种由动名词表示，一种由从句表示。 1).It替代真正的主语——动词不定式短语.     Itiseasiertosaythantodo.     Itisagoodacttohelptheothers.2).it替代真正的主语——动名词短语,以动名词短语做主语的句子，主要在以nogood,nouse,noharm,dangerous,foolish等词作表语的句中.It’snoharmdrinkingrunningwaterinthatarea。It’sfoolishtalkinglikethat.3).it替代从句作主语，用从句做主语的带it的句子很多,常见的有下面几类： ①Itisapity(ashame,afact,awonder,agoodthing,etc.)that…      Itisashamethathedidn’tpasstheexam. ②Itisstrange(surprising,obvious ,true,good,possible,clear,etc. )that…。      Itwasclearthattheyhadnodesireforpeace. ③Itseems(happened,turnedout,etc.)that…      Itseemedthatthingswerenotastheyexpected.④Itissaid  (decided,expected,etc)that…     Itissaidthattheticketshavebeensoldout.4.用作形式宾语。当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式,－ing短语或从句往往用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句末,句子重心后移。1)WefinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwellinsuchashorttime．2)Wethinkitnousecryingoverspiltmilk．3)Wemadeitclearwhenandwhereweweregoingtohavethemeeting．5．用于强调句型，即“Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who/whom+其它”句型之中。使用该句型有以下几点请注意：①强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数.　　　　8 ItwasyesterdaythatImetyourfatherinthestreet．②不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用that连接，不得使用where、when等连词.ItwasinthestreetthatImetyourfatheryesterday．③被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that，用that也行。1)Itwasyourfatherthat/whom/whoImetinthestreetyesterday．2)ItwasIthat/whometyourfatherinthestreetyesterday．④强调句中也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。1)Itistheywhoareourfriends．2)Itwasnotuntilteno"clockthatwegothomelastnight．⑤注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。Itiswas…that…为强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没被强调,而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。比较：1)Itwasteno"clockwhenwegothomelastnight．我们昨晚到家时已十点了。2)Itwasatteno"clockthatwegothomelastnight．我们昨晚是在十点到家的。第一句不是强调句，when不可改为that,因为去掉itwas和that后，只能组成“Wegothometeno"clocklastnight．”这样一个不完整的句子；第二句是强调句，that不可改为when．二、常用句型及考点I.形式主语型1.Itisclear(obvious，true，possible，certain…)that…2.Itisimportant(necessary，right，strange，natural…)that…掌握本句型，应该记住所列举的形容词，并且记住that后的从句应用虚拟语气(should+动词原形)，should可以省去。3.Itisnogood(use)doingsth．4.Itisapity(ashame…)that…本句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should十动词原形)，should可以省去。表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。5.Itistime(abouttime，hightime)that…本句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气。6.Itisthefirst(second…)timethat…7.Itissaid(reported，learned…．)that…8.Itissuggested(ordered…)that…本句型中的过去分词应该是表示请求、建议、命令等的词，that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should十动词原形)，should可以省略。常译为“据建议；有命令……”。9.Ithappens(seems，appears)that…10.Ittakessb…todosth．11.Itdoesn’tmatterwhether…12.Itiskind(ofsb)todosth．本句型中的不定式如果需要逻辑主语，则须要前置介词of，而句型中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词，常见的有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty,polite，rude，silly,stupid，wise，wrong等。13.Itisnecessary(forsb)todosth．8 14.Itis(just)likesbtodosth．本句型为“某人(恰恰)是……样子”。用来表示赞扬或不满，若用否定式，则表示怀疑。例：It"slikehimtoleavetheworktoothers．他就是这样的一个人，把工作推给别人。15.Itisuptosbtodosth．本句型表示“谊由某人做……”。II．强调句型Itis+被强调部分+that/who…本句型中被强调部分可以是主语、宾语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。III．其他句型1.Itis…since…本句型主句中用时间作表语，一般用现在时或完成时，since引导的从句常用瞬间动词的一般过去时态。主句如用一般过去时，则从句用过去完成时。2.Itis…when…本句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。3.Itlooks(seems)asif．．．本句型中的asif引导一个状语从句，常译为“看起来好像……”。如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气．例1Itlooksasifheisill(真的病了).例2Itlooksasifhewereill(没有生病).Exercises:一．单项选择1.Itwasatthegate____hetoldmethenews.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when2.Is____necessarytotellhisfathereverythingA.itB.thatC.whatD.he3.Wasitinthispalace____thelastemperordied?A.thatB.inwhichC.inwhereD.which4.Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.nowB.manC.thatD.it5.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar____hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then6.Is____necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he7.Idon"tthink____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it8.Does____matterifhecan"tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it9.Itwasnot____shetookoffherdarkglasses____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.8 A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then10.Tom‘smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but____didn’thelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it11.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It12.Is________possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A．nowB．manC．thatD．it13．Ourfoodandservicearebetterthan________usedtobe.A．itB．weC．theyD．them14．________appearstome________thereportmustbetruth.A．That;itB．It;thatC．It;itD．That;that15．Hefeels________dutytohelpothers.A．thatheB．thathisC．itheD．ithis16．Take________easy.Theroadsareicy.A．itB．themC．usD．you17．TheTVsetsmadeinChinaaremuchbetterthan________inJapan.A．thatB．thoseC．themD．It18．——Haveyoufoundthebikeyoulostyesterday?——Yes,I"vefound________already.A．itB．thatC．theoneD．thatone19.——I"mlookingforaflat.——Wouldyoulike____with____garden?A．it;theB．it;aC．one;aD．one;the20．________was________whoImetinthemuseumthismorning.A．It;himB．It;heC．That;heD.That;him21．Itwasinthericefields________wehadourLeaguemeeting.A．whereB．thatC．inwhichD．onwhich22．________youcometothepartysolate?A．WhyisitB．WhyitisC．WhyitisthatD．Whyisitthat23．——Wereallthreepeopleinthecarinjuredintheaccident——No,___onlythetwopassengers___gothurt．A．theywere;thatB．therewas;thatC．itwas;whoD．thereare;who24．Idon"tthink________possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A．thisB．thatC．itsD．it25．Itwasnot________shetookoffherglasses________Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar．A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then26.Itwasnotuntil1920____regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A．whileB．whichC．thatD．since27．________isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A．ThereB．ThisC．ThatD．It28．Itwasabout600yearsago________thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.8 A．thatB．untilC．beforeD．when29．ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A．untilB．thatC．thenD．So30．Ihate______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A．itB．thatC．theseD．them31．——Whydon"twetakealittlebreak?——Didn"twejusthave________?A．itB．thatC．oneD．this32.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar____hedied？(MET88)A．that　B．WhileC．inwhich　　D．Then33.Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship？(MET88)A．now　B．that　C．it　D．Man34.Idon"tthink___possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork．(MET90)A．ThisB．that　C．its　　D．It35.___isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage．(NMET95)A．ThereB．ThisC．That　D．It36.Itwasabout600yearsago___thefirstclockwithfaceandanhourhandwasmade.(NMET97)A．thatB．untilC．before　D．when37.____computersplaysuchanimportantpartinourdailylife?A．Whyitisthat　　B．WhyisitthatC．Whywasitthat　D．Whyisit38.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_____hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then39.Is____necessarytotakeoffourshoeswhenweenterthelab?A.everyoneB.thisC.herD.it40.Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.nowB.thatC.itD.man41.Idon’tthink___possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it42.Sheheardofaterriblenoise,___broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that43.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he44.Does____matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it45.Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but____didn’thelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it46.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it47.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It48.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave_____.A.itB.thoseC.themD.one8 49.Itwasabout600yearsago___thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when50.Ihate____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them51.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so52.Itistheabilitytodothejob____mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it53.It____youthat____toblame.A.is;isB.is;areC.are;areD.are;is54.Was_____thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyou55.____electricityplayssuchanimportantpartinourlife?A.WhyisitthatB.WhyisitC.WhyitisthatD.Whyisthat56.Itwas____hesaid_____disappointedme.A.what;whatB.that;thatC.what;thatD.that;what57.Itwasinthelab___wastakenchargeofbyProfessorHarris___theydidtheexperiment.A.which;thatB.that;whatC.whom;thatD.which;where58.Manypeoplenowmake　　　　　　aruletobuycardsfortheirfriendsbeforeChristmas.A.themselves　　　B.it　　　C.that　　　D.this59.Someoneisatthedoor,whois　　　　　?A.this　　　B.that　　　C.it　　　D.he60.—Itisrainingcatsanddogs.　—　　　　　　　　.　A.Soitis　　B.Soisit　C.Neitheritis　　　D.Neitherisit二.分析it成分，辨清相似句型。1.①_____iswellknowtousallthattheearthisround.②____iswellknowntousall,theearthisround.A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.Which2.①_____doesn’tmattermuchwhetherhe’llcometotheparty.②Ifeel____anhonortobeinvitedtospeakhere.A.thisB.itC.thatD.what3.①___nowonderthathehaspassedtheexam.②___noneedforyoutowaithere.A.TherebeingB.ItwasC.ItisD.Thereis4.①Wasitthehouse____AbrahamLincolnwasborn?②Wasitinthehouse____AbrahamLincolnwasborn?A.hatB.whereC.whichD.bothAandB5.①It’sverykind____youtohelpus.②It’sveryimportant_____youtokeepthebalanceofnature.8 A.forB.ofC.toD.with.6.①Itisnogood____suchathing.②It’sofnoimportance_____suchathing.A.doB.todoC.doingD.done7.①It"stimethatwe____toschool.②Itisthesecondtimethatwe_____toBeijing.A.goB.wentC.havebeenD.havegone8.①It"stomorrow____heisgoingtoBeijing.②Itwas8o"clock_____hewenttoschool.A.thatB.whenC.beforeD.since9.①Itis3years____hejoinedthearmy.②Itwillbe3years____wemeetagain.A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.when8 答案：一．单项选择1-30ABADACDDBDDDCBDABACABDADBCDABA31-60CACDDABADCDBCDDBDDAABBBAACABCA二.分析it成分，辨清相似句型。21.CB22.BB23.CD24.BA25.BA26.CB27.BC28.AB29.CA8