七年级上册英语语法归纳75398 10页

.七年级上册英语语法一．Be动词（am,is,are）的用法口诀：I用am,you用are,is跟着他（he）她（she）它（it）。单数is，复数are.变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃，变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记，疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。注意：be动词通常会和其他词连写在一起，如：I’m,what’s,name’s,they’re等。I________astudent.You________Janpanese.He_______mybrother.She_______verynice.Myname________Harry.They_______10yearsold.Thebooks_________new.Mary,this_________Tom.There________adeskintheroom.What_____these?二．冠词的用法冠词分为不定冠词（a,an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词（不用冠词的情况）三种。不定冠词a（an）与数词one同源，是“一个”的意思。a用于辅音音素前，而an则用于元音音素前。定冠词the的用法：巧计定冠词the用法歌诀：特指双方熟悉，上文已经提起。世上独一无二，方位名词乐器。某些专有名词，还有复数姓氏。序数词最高级，习惯用语要牢记。零冠词的用法：1.专有名词前一般不加冠词　　China中国Europe欧洲LeiFeng雷锋WilliamShakespeare威廉·莎士比亚2.月份、星期、节日前一般不加冠词　　January一月份Sunday星期日ChristmasDay圣诞节Thanksgiving感恩节　　NationalDay国庆节MayDay劳动节　注:民族节日前要加the如:theSpringFestival3.三餐、四季前一般不加冠词　　Ihavelunchatschool.我在学校吃午餐。　　Summeristhebestseasonforswimming.夏天是游泳的好季节。　　比较：Ihadabiglunchyesterday.　　昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。（表示某一个）　　比较：IwillneverforgetthesummerwespentinHawaii.　　我永远不会忘记我们一起在夏威夷度过的那个夏天。（表示特指）　4.进行球类运动playbasketball打篮球playvolleyball打排球playfootball踢足球5.by+交通工具bybus乘公交车bybike骑自行车.. .6.固定词组　　gotoschool去上学gotobed上床睡觉gobytrain乘火车去gobyboat乘船去在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划/。1.What’sthis?It’s________clock.2.________firstlessoniseasy.3.Whatisit?It’s_____“w”.4.Whatcolorisyourcoat?It’s_______orange.It’s_______orangecoat.5._______womanisMrs.Green.Sheis_________teacher.6.Thosepensarein________pencil-case.7.Ilikeplaying________soccer.8.WhendoesLilygoto______bedin__________evening?9._______“h”,______“o”and_______“w”intheword“how”.10Ipaly_________guitareveryday.三名词和代词的数1.写出下列词的复数形式。baby_______case_______knife_______photo_______Chinese_________hamburger___________potato_______key______watch_______name_______strawberry_________tomato__________dollar________orange__________people_________documentary____________boy__________piano_______child_________man_______this______that_______I_______she_________you_______bus_______wish_______Japanese___________am_________2.翻译短语五门学科________________________三部电影_______________________一些动作片___________________________许多手表_________________________一点食品________________________一点蔬菜________________________许多冰激凌________________________三块鸡肉___________________________一些工作_________________________许多作业___________________________四辆公共汽车________________________3.选择填空1、Thereonthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.A.arephotoesB.arephotosC.isaphotoD.isphotos2.ThiskindofcarmadeinShanghai.A.isB.areC.wereD.has3.Therearefourandtwointhegroup.A.Japanese,GermenBJapaneses,GermenC.Japanese,GermanD.Japanese,Germans.. .4.That’aartbook.A.anB.aC.theDare5.Theboyshavegotalready.A.twobreadB.twobreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread6.Theoldmanwants.A.sixboxesofapplesB.sixboxesofappleC.sixboxofapplesD.sixboxsofapples7.Theresomeintheriver.A.is,fishB.are,fishsC.is,fishsD.are,fish8.Theretwointhebox.A.iswatchB.arewatchesC.arewatchD.iswatches9.Weshouldcleantwiceaday.A.ourtoothB.ourtoothsC.teethD.ourteeth10.The_____meetingroomisnearthereadingroom.A.teacherB.teacher’sC.teachers’D.teachers四．句子单数变复数，注意以下五要素(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we,you→you，she,he,it→they。如：Sheisagirl.→Theyaregirls.(2)am，is要变为are。如：I’mastudent.→Wearestudents.(3)不定冠词a，an要去掉。如：Heisaboy.→Theyareboys.(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如：Itisanapple.→Theyareapples.(5)指示代词this，that要变为these，those。如：Thisisabox.→Theseareboxes..把下列句子变成复数句。1.Thisisabike.2.Thatisaneraser.3.Itisaredorange.4.Heisateacher.5.What’sthis?6.HeisaChineseboy.7.Aphotoisonthewall.5.改错。1.Hehasmanyicecreamforbreakfast.__________________________________________2.Thegirlhastwobroccoliforlunch._____________________________________________.. .3.Thestudentdoesafewhomeworkeveryday._____________________________________4.Iwanttogotomovie._______________________________________________________5.Wecanseemuchclothesinthestore.___________________________________________6.Doesshehavethreecousin?__________________________________________________7.TheyareJapaneses.___________________________________________________________8.Ihavesomeapple._____________________________________________________________9.IwanttoseeaBeijingOpera.____________________________________________________五．时态复习-----一般现在时1)一般现在时表示现在的状态。Sheisathome.2)一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语everyday,usually,always,often,sometimes,onSunday等连用,3)一般现在时表示客观(事实)存在及普遍真理Theearthgoesaroundthesun.1.含be动词的一般现在时Be动词要根据句中的主语的人称和数而变化。它有三种形式：am,is,are.如：Iamateacher.Mybrotherisatschool.LucyandLilyarefriends.2.实义动词的一般现在时一个动作经常或反复地发生，就用一般现在时。第三人称单数（he,she,it,Tom和单数名词等）作主语时，谓语动词要加“s”或“es”，这种动词形式简称为动词的单三形式。记住：单三人称单三动，其他人称用原形。如：Theygetupatsixo’clock.Hegoestoschoolatseventhirty.3动词第三人称单数的构成规则：a.一般情况下在动词词尾加s如：get----getslike----likesplay—plays，want—wants，work—works，know—knows，help—helps，get—getsb.以字母s、x、ch或o结尾的动词加-es；如：guess—guesses，fix—fixes，teach—teaches，brush—brushes，go—goes，do—does，watch—watches，catch—catchesc.以辅音字母＋y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es。如：study—studies，carry—carries，fly—flies，worry—worries特殊词：have----has用动词的适当形式填空。1.Weoften _________(play)intheplayground.2.He __________(get)upatsixo’clock.3. ________you _________(brush)yourteetheverymorning.4.What________(do)heusually ________(do)afterschool?5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?6.________Mikesometimes__________(go)totheparkwithhissister.7. Atnight,she_________(watch)TVwithhisparents.8  _______Mike ________(read)Englisheveryday?.. .9.Howmanylessons_________yourclassmate________(have)onMonday?10.Whattime _______hismother__________(do)thehousework?11.Heusually_____(get)upatsixinthemorning.1⒉She______(have)blueseyes.1⒊We_______(go)toschooleveryday1⒋Theboy_________(like)playing football.1⒌We_______(have)noclassesonSundays.1⒍She________(write)tohermotheronceaweek.1⒎It_____(rain)quiteoftenduringthemonthofJulyeveryyear.1⒏Sheoften_________(watch)TVonSaturdays.1⒐Mikeusually_________(ride)abikewithhisfriendsinthe park.20PeterandMaryoften_______(play)badmintontogether.一．按要求写出下列各词的相应形式.1．child（孩子）（复数形式）__2．arenot（缩写）___3．those（单数形式）_____4．I（宾格形式）_____5．box（复数形式）____6．hour（同音词）____7．come（反义词）_____8.watch(复数)______9.five(序数词)_______10.twelve(序数词)____二、根据句意补全句子。1、Englishismyfavorite_____inschool.2、Thetwelfthmonthofayearis_______.3、Helovestolisten_____music.4、____youdance?Yes,Ican.5、Ilikemilk(牛奶)andeggs_____breakfast.6、Ilikebaseball_____Idon’tlikefootball.7、____yourbrotherwanttogotoamovie?8、TodayisThursday.Itis____tomorrow(明天).9、TheyarefromChina,buttheycan____English.10.Mypenpal_____fromCanada.三、用所给单词的适当形式填空.1.Februaryisthe___(two)monthofayear.2.Howmany___(child)doyouhave?3.Heisafamous____(music)inthecity.4.Thisisa____(Japan)car(小汽车).5.___(she)scienceteacherisMrBaldwin.6.MissGaoisa_____(success)doctor.7.Thanksfor____(sing)forus.8.Let’s____(play)soccerballtoday.9.Whatlanguage____you____(speak)?10.Yoursister____(notdance)inthemorning.六．指示代词.. .1．This(这个)和that（那个）用法(1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this,距离说话人远的人或物用that。如：Thisisaflower.这是一朵花。(近处)Thatisatree.那是一棵树。(远处)(3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this,后说that。如：Thisisapen.Thatisapencil.这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。(4)向别人介绍某个人时，要说“Thisis….”，而不说“Thatis….”，也不能说“Heis….”或“Sheis….”。介绍两个人时，先用“Thisis….”介绍一个人，然后用“Thatis….”介绍另一个人。如：ThisisHelen.Helen,thisisTom.这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。Thisismybrotherandthatismysister.这是我哥哥，那是我妹妹。(5)Thisis不能缩写,而Thatis可以缩写。如：Thisisabike.That’sacar.这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。(6)打电话过程中，介绍自己时通常用this指代“我”，不用代词I；询问对方时用that指代“你”，不用代词you。例如：----Hello.ThisisMary.Who’sthat?喂，我是玛丽。你是谁？----ThisisTom.我是汤姆。注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说：Iam…,Areyou…？/Whoareyou?(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时,要用it代替this或that。如：①—Isthisanotebook?这是笔记本吗？—Yes,itis.是的，它是。②—What’sthat?那是什么？—It’sakite.是只风筝。2．these(这些)和those(那些)用法this,that,these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。①Thisismybed.ThatisLily’sbed.这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。②Thesepicturesaregood.那些画很好。③Arethoseappletrees?那些是苹果树吗？在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如：④Arethese/thoseyourapples?这些(那些)是你的苹果吗？Yes,theyare.是的，他们是。（）1.__________penisred.________pencilisgreen.A.this,thatB.These,ThoseC.That,ThoseD.This,That（）2.Is_____apandaoverthere?A.thisB.thatC.thoseD.these（）3.________twoboysareMr.Green’ssons.A.ThisB.TheseC.ThatD.those（）4.__________twogirlsareMaryandLinda.A.ThisB.TheyC.ThatD.Those.. .（）5._______isMr.Whiteand_____ismyfather.A.This,thoseB.That,theseC.These,theseD.This,this（）6Isthatyoursister?AYes,sheisBYes,itisCNo,itisDNo,sheisn’t（）7Arethoseyourbooks?AYes,thoseare.BNo,theyaren’tCYes,theseare七．名词所有格英语名词所有格有两种："s属格和of属格。1"s所有格的用法：a主要用于有生命的名词，例如：mybrother"sbooks,Mary"sfriendb用于地理、国家机关、城市等名词，例如：Beijing"sfuture,thegovernment"sthecity’slook.c用于时间、价值、距离、重量等名词，例如：today"snewspaper,tendollars"worth,fivemiles"distance,twentypounds"weight.d表示理发店、商店等名词或一些习惯用法，例如：atthebutcher"s2of所有格的用法：主要用于表示无生命的名词，例如：thedoorofthehouse,amapofChina,photosofmyfamily.3特殊所有格:若一样东西为两人共有，后一个人名用所有格；如果不是两人共有，而是各有各的，则两个名词都用所有格，且其后名词应为复数。LucyandLily’smother露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈)Lucy’sandKate’srooms露茜和凯特的房间（各自的房间，两间房子）1.-How"sMary"sskirt?　　-Herskirtismorebeautifulthan_____.A.hersister"sandKateB.hersisterandKateC.hersisterandKate"sD.hersister"sandKate"s2.Thisis_____car._____isoverthere.A.visitor"s；MyB.visitor"s；Mine　C.visitor；MineD.visitors；My3._____roomisbigandbright.Theylikeitverymuch.A.TomandSamB.Tom"sandSam　C.TomandSam"sD.Tom"sandSam"s4._____fathersarebothteachers.A.Jim"sandBobB.Jim"sandBob"sC.JimandBob"sD.JimandBob5.Thisisaphotoof_____.A.yoursB.yourselvesC.yourD.yourself6.Theoldteacherisafriend_____.A.mybrother"sB.mybrotherC.ofmybrother"sD.ofabrother"s7.Youcanenjoy_____.quietstreets.AthecityBacityCthecity’sDacity’s八代词1、人称代词和物主代词第一人称第二人称第三人称.. .人称代词单数复数单数复数单数复数主格Iweyouyousheheitthey宾格meusyouyouherhimitthem物主代词形容词性myouryouryourherhisitstheir名词性mineoursyoursyourshershisitstheirs1.通常情况下，人称代词的主格在句子中作主语，放在动词（be动词，情态动词和行为动词等）的前面。Iamagirl.Wecansinganddance.TheylikeEnglish.2.通常情况下，称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，放在动词或介词的后面。GivethemtoTom.Nicetomeetyou.Forus,welikeactionmovies.3.形容词性的物主代词（相当于形容词）属于限定词，后面要跟它所限定的名词。4.名词性的物主代词（相当于名词），后面不能再接名词。用所给词的正确形式填空。1.Thatisnot_________kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_________isverybig.(I)2.Thedressis_______.Giveitto_________.(she)3.Isthis______watch?(you)No,it’snot_______.(I)4.______ismybrother.______nameisJack.Look!Thosephotosare______(he)5._________shirtsarered.(we)Whatcolorare_________?(you)6.Herearemanytoys,whichoneis_________?(she)7.Icanfindmytoy,butwhere’s_________?(you)8.Show_________yourhands,OK?(they)9.Ihaveabeautifulcat._________nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_________.(it)10.Arethese_______rulers?No,_____arenot.(they)11._________ismyaunt.Doyouknow_________job?_________anurse.(she)12.Thatisnot_________camera._________isathome.(he)13.________sisterisill.Pleasegoandget_________.(she)14.____don’tknowhername.Wouldyoupleasetell_____.(we)15.Somanydogs.Let’scount_________.(they)16.Ihavealovelybrother._________isonly3.Ilike_________verymuch.(he)17.Lookatthatdesk.Thosebookareon___.(it)九．数词1.基数词（表示事物数量的多少）。a.one到twelve需要特殊记b.13到19结尾加-teen,但要注意thirteen,fifteen,eighteen.c.整十位数结尾加-ty,注意twenty，thirty,forty，fifty，eighty... .d.表示“几十几”时，在整十和个位之间加连字符号“-”e．百位数:百位和十位、个位之间需加and.101onehundredandone320threehundredandtwenty648sixhundredandforty-eightf．千位数以上从数字的右端向左端数起，每三位数加一个逗号“，”。从右开始，第一个“，”前的数字后添加thousand，第二个“，”前面的数字后添加million，第三个“，”前的数字后添加billion。然后一节一节分别表示，两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。2,648twothousandsixhundredandforty-eight16,250,064sixteenmilliontwohundredandfiftythousandsixty-four5,237,166,234fivebillion，twohundredandthirty-sevenmillion，onehundredandsixty-sixthousand，twohundredandthirty-fourg．基数词在表示确切的数字时，不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式；但是，当基数词表示不确切数字，如成百、成千上万，三三两两时，基数词则以复数形式出现。Therearehundredsofpeopleinthehall．大厅里有数以百计的人。ThousandsandthousandsofpeoplecometovisitBeijingeveryday．每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马涌博物馆北京。Theywenttothecinemaintwosandthrees．他们三三两两地来到了电影院。2.序数词（表示事物的顺序）a基数词变序数词规律：基变序有规律，末尾加上-th。一二三，特殊记。八加-h，九去-e。ve要用f替。整十变化需注意，改y为ie，再加-th莫忘记。若想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。b．第一百以上的多位序数词由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。onehundredandtwenty-first第一百二十一onethousand，threehundredandtwentieth第一千三百二十c序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词the；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时，则表示“再一”，“又一”。Wewillreaditasecondtime．我们得再读第二遍。We’vetrieditthreetimes．Mustwetryitafourthtime?我们已经试过三遍了，还必须试一次（第四次）吗？另外，基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可，不需要添加定冠词。thefirstlesson——LessonOnethefifthpage——Page5（five）thetwenty-firstroom——Room21（twenty-one）选择题1.Thereare.____daysinayear.A.threehundredssixty-fiveBthreehundredandsixty-fiveCthreehundredandsixtyfiveDthreehundredsandsixty-five.. .2.____peoplevisitthsmuseumeveryday.AHundredBHundredsCHundredofDHundredsof3Pleaseturnto.____Let’sreadthetextaloud.APageTwoBthepagetwoCsecondpage4Marchis.____monthinayear.AathirdBthethirdCthird5Thegirlwantedtosing.____songinEnglish.AasecondBthesecondCsecond6Letmehave.____AthethirdtryBathirdtryCthisthirdtry7Weasked.____studentsaboutfashion.AfivehundredsBfivehundredsofCfivehundred..