(英语)高三英语语法专练--句子结构和特殊句式 11页

高三英语语法专题句子结构与特殊句式I,考点概述.鐵握英语的4种功能的句于，陈述，疑问，感叹，祈便（命令），以及3种常见句子结构，包括简单句simplesentence,复合句（complexsentence）＞并列句（compoundsentence）«另外.用干辅宗条件，功能.意义的焙殊旬式亦甬耍臺牛关注。••丁•••W••・••・••••・•・■••■・■••••••••・••II.矢I识梳理1.4种功能用途的句子（备考指南p.179-180）2.构成句子的各个部分有主次之分；主要成分有主语，谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。a）主语：（subject）主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语或助动词后面。Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure・（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）*b）谓语：（predicate）谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语.一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：D简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。Hepracticesrunningeverymorning・Hecaughtupwiththeothers・2；复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks・Hehasgonethere.3）动词分类：实义动词（及物动词do,read…不及物动词walk,work…）助动词(be;do,does,did;has,have；had;must,can…)系动词(smell,taste,look,feel,sound;go,get,become,turn,grow;cometrue,fallasieep.remainopen,keepsilent…)c)表语：(predicative)、猱语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）’Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）曲宾语：（Object）•1）•宾语表示动作的对象或菖爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday・(名词)ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)D貝店种尖：(1)简单宾语Iamreading3novel.(2)双宾语(间接宾语+宜接宾语)，Igaveh;mabock-Iboughthimabook.•IexplainedtohimthatIdidn"tknowit.•（3）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），. Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.*e）宾语补足语，（ObjectComplement）英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一介宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完薙。"HisfathernamedhimDongrning・（名词）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）f）定语：（attribute）修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。根据位置定语可分为前置定语和后置定语。Gullingisabeautifulcity.（形容词）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish・（介词短语）•g）・状（adverb）、修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句了成分，叫做状语。（1）修饰动词：通常放在句末；为了强调，可放在句首；放在be,助动词或情态动词之后，其它动词之前。（2）修饰形容词/副词：放在被修饰的词之前。（3）地点状语放在时间状语之前J.（4）状语有：时间、地点、方式、程度、原因、目的.、结果、条件、让步、伴随、比较・・・・・・Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）••Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue・（状语从句）•h）同位语（appositive）冋位语有主语或宾语同位语；可由名词、代词充当。Hehimselfinvestigatedthewholething・*1.简单句的5个基本句型：SV,SVRSVO,SVOiOd,SVOC（备考指南p.180-2）,其中主语（名次，动名词，名词短语，用S表示）与谓语（动词或动词短语，用V表示）是句子的必要成分。1>主语+系动词+表语（SVP）：Heisastudent2、主语+不及物动词（SV）：Wework.3、主语+及物动词+宾语（SVO）：Henryboughtadictionary.4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（SVOiOd）：Myfatherboughtmeacar.，5、主语+及物劫词+宾语+宾补（SVOC）：Tommadethebabylaugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这-种基本句型扩展、变化或省路而构成。II.重点难点1・.谓语；每-个分句只能有…个谓语动词，但可以有多于1个非谓语动词2.并列旬:FR7•彳或以上航立分句（independentclause）组成。2个分句同尊重要?难点:芥列连词（coordinatingconjunction）的使用，并列连词与连接副诃（conjunctiveadverb）用法1）、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,notonly…butneither…northen等连接° r.srr-Q；sSmjrn.sndths2）.表示选择，常用的连词有oneither—or^,otherwise等。Hurryup,oryou"llmissthetrain/3）、表示转折，常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,wh临等。Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyand/nterestin&4）、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,fo将在未来章节讨论。’3.棠见特殊句式：感叹（备考指南p.182）,倒装（备考指南p・192）,省略（备考指南p・196）,强调（备考指南p.193）,及therebe句型（备考指南p・193）。’实战演练1.划分句子基本句型:简单句，并列句，复合句1)Iputapieceofcantaloupeunderneaththemicroscopeo()2)Whilefishinginthebluelagoon,Icaughtalovelysilverfish・()3)TheySayifyousteponacrack,youwillbreakyourmother"sback・()4)Iamwalkingintoaroom,andit"sratherdarkinhere()5)Myvoicewaslow,rough,andcracked.()6)1openedmyeyesandlookedupattherain,anditdrippedinmyheadandflowedintomybrain.(7)TheysaythatonceinZanzibaraboystuckouthistonguesofarthatitreachedtheheavensandtouchedastar,whichburnedhimratherbadly.()8)I"mgoingtoCampWonderfulbesideLakeParadiseacrossfromBlissfulMountainintheValleyoftheNice.()9)Ijokewiththeboysandhaveintimatechatswiththegirls・()10)Theanimalssnarledandscreechedandgrowledandwhinniedandwhimperedandhootedandhowledandgobbledupthewholeicecreamstand・()2.在空格处填入适当的词语，使句子结构完整1)“thisstoneforathrone,Ilookdownonmypond,Icannotlookdownontheplacesbeyond•”2)Feastsmustbesolemnandratetheyceasetobefeasts,3)Shedidn"tknowmuchaboutlaw,shewasgladto(protect) withalawyerofherown.1)Weekspassed,•thelittleRabbitgrewveryoldandShabby,theBoylovedhimjustasmuch・2)Theoldmansaidalmostnothingonthedrives,heSeemed(please)withhisgrandson^labors・3)Alwaysgotootherpeople"sfunerals;theywon"tgotoyours・4)Thesitewasready,theconstructioncrewwasready,thematerialswereready,,theweatherwasnotcooperative.5)mybrothergothispantslegcaughtonthetopofahighfenceandhungupsidedown,(weep)and(mutter)cursesbecausehispantswerenewlytornandMotherwouldspankhimforsure,noangelwaswithhim.6)uvolumeuponvolume(write)toproveslaveryaverygoodthing,weneverhearofthemanwishestotakethegoodofitbybeingaslavehimself.117)InAmericaeverybodyisoftheopinionhehasnosocialsuperiors,andallmenareequal,hedoesnotadmit,hehasnosocialinferiors,forfromthetimeofJeffersononward,thedoctrineallmenareequalappliesonlyupwards,notdownwards.2.按要求改句子1.Hedarestotellthetruth.(改为否定句)2.TheynavelivedHereformore(hantenyears(对画线部分提问)3.Therewillbeasportsmeetattheendofthismonth,(完成反意疑问)4.Youmustbecarefulwithyoupronuncialion(改为祈使句)5・Theywentforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening.(改为一般疑问句)6.Itisaninterestingstory(改为感叹句)7.Thismagazinecomesouteveryotherweek•（对画线部分提问） 8・Theycouldhardlybelievehiswords,?（完成反意疑问）9.Themoonisshiningbrightly.（改为感叹句）10.OurEnglishteacherisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass.（对画线部分提问）2.完成句子1）Theydidn"tmanagetodoso..（我们也没能）2）Notonly.thosewholaybehind,butweshouldtrytohelpthem（我们不该小瞧）3）Notuntilnoonsnowing.（雪才停）4）Onlybythismeans。（我们才有希望成功）5）itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthesportsmeeting.6）.NotuntilallthefishdiedIntheriverhowseriouspollutionwas.（村民才意识到）o7）一DoyouKnowJimhasbeenfiredbyhisboss?一Idon"tknow,（我也不在乎）8）OnlywhenIfinishmyhomeworkwatchTV.（我才被允许）9）Onahillinfrontofthem［晶立着一座城堡）10）（他虽然如此成功），heisnotproud.11）.It"snice.Neverbefore（我以前从没喝过这么特别的饮料）！12）.thecat（跳起来）andcaughtthemouse. 13）（是在一个荒凉的岛上）hewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentdown?14）（不是我们做了多少，而是我们对所做的事情注入了多少爱）benefitsourworkmost。15）一HaveyouseenthefilmUndertheHawthornTree?—OfcourseIhave.（这部电影正是在我的家乡制作出来的）16).Ifyouhaveajob,(务必全身心地投入到工作中，强调句)andfinallyyoullsucceed.17)(不是我们偶尔做的事情)shapesourlives,butwhatwedoconsistently.18)Janewontjoinusfordinnertonightand(汤姆也不想加入，省略句)。19)Itsoundslikesomethingiswrongwiththecar"sengine・(如果这样的话)，weMbettertakeittothegarageimmediately.20)(当沿着大街走的吋候)，Iheardmynamecalled.21)1askedhimtoseethefilm,but(他不想去)。22)ItisMarynotyouwhowantstoaskmeaboutthatmatter,?(反义疑问句)23)Youmusthavewatchedthatfootballmatchlastnight,?(反义疑问句)24)Youmusthaveheardaboutit,?(反义疑问句)25)1don"tbelievehewillsucceed,(反义疑问句)26)ItwasonthefarmweworkedIgottoknowher.2.单句改错1).Itwas14:28thattheterribleearthquakebrokeout.2).Firstimpressionsreallyarecount3)・SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanandthe20thcentury"sgreatestscientist,4).GoneforeverthedaysarewhentheChinesepeoplehadtouseforeignoil.5).Littletheycareaboutwhatothersthink.6).OnlythenIfoundIhadmadeamistake.7)•Theycouldn"tunderstanditatthattime,norcouldwe. 1)•Theteacherandpoetoftengivelecturesaroundthecity.2).DoyouknowwhenwastheUNsetup?3)•Arefiftypoundsenough?4)•Onlytwothirdsoftheworkweredoneyesterday5).Soexhaustedshewasthatshewantedtonavearest.6).Onlyinthiswayyoucansolvethisproblem.7).Onlyafterhefinishtheworkdoheleave8).Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakthanhisfatherstoppedhim.9).Notonlywasheforcedtostayhome,butalsohadhetodohishomework・10).HecanswimandsoamI11).MyfatherdoesrTtsmoke;norneitherdoesL12).SoclearlyhespeaksEnglishthathecanalwaysmakehimselfunderstood・13).Achildasheis,heknowsalot14).IfhadIattendedthemeeting,Iwouldhavemethim・15).Workhardsoyouwillsucceed・16)•Youworkhard,youwillsucceed・17)•Hurryupandwewillbelate.18).Itdidn"tmatterthat1wouldwinthematchornot.19)・Thatheislookingforisadictionary.20).Manypeoplecanquicklygethelpfromadoctorsincetheyareill.21).Ifyoucanpassthetestisuptoyou.22).Ifwewillholdthepartyintheopenairdependsontheweathe匚23).IliveinBeijing,wherehasalonghistory・24).Westilldon"tknowifornottheyhavearrivedatShanghaibyplane25).Itisthetallesttowerwhichcanbeseenfromafar.26).Thepersonaboutwhowejusttalkedismymathsteacher.27).Yesterdaywewerehavingourdinnerwhilethetelephonerang.28).Idoubtthatheisaspy・29).1don"tdoubtwhetheryouhavetoldthetruth 2.语法填空ASomepeoplethinkthatpassionandworkshouldn"tmix.Afterall,weworktomakej_living,nottofeedoursouls,However,passioncanmakeourworkfinished2(easy).Ifyouwanttouncoveryourpassion,youneedtoidentifyyourdreams.Makealistofthings3youexpecttodo,youwoulddo4ifyouhadtimeandspirit・Millersays5isimportanttochallengeyourassumptions.Maybeyourdreamis6(be)afamousdanceronstage.Identifyingthismightnotgetyoualltheway7success,butitwillpointyou8therightdirectionSometimes9(identify)yourdreamscanopenyouuptosomethingnewLearninghowtolivewithyourpassion,10(take)timeandexploration.Theimportantthingistostartnow.BBondibeach,whichisoneofthemostfamousbeachesinAustralia,isaboutninekilometersfromthecenterofSydney・Thebeachisaboutonekilometer]lengthandthesandiscleanandwhite.Infrontofthebeach2(lie)awidepaththatyoucanwalkalong,orevenjog,3thepathandtheroadis4large,grassyareawithwoodentablesandchairforpicnics.Inthedaythebeach5(crowd)withpeopleswimming・surfing,sunbathingand6(play)games,whileatnightitisveryquiet.Intheevening,onlyafewpeoplewalkalongthesand,7_manypeoplestillwalkalongthepathway.However,acrossthesand,8therestaurantsare,Itis9(noise)andcrowedwithpeopleenjoyingeveningmeals.Youcansmellmanydeliciousaromasas10walkby. 参考答案1.划分句子基本句型：简单句，并列句，复合句1.简单句2.复合句3.复合句4.并列句5.简单句6.并列句7.复合句8.简单句9.复合句10.简单句2.按句子结构的语法在空格处填入适当的词语1・With,but2.or3.so,beprotected4.and,but5.yet,pleased6・otherwise7.and,but8.When,weeping,muttering9.Although,iswritten,who10.lhal,since,but,that,that3.按要求改写句子1.Hedoesn"tdaretotellthetruth./Hedarenottellthetruth・2.Howlonghavetheylivedhere?3.wontthere4.Becarefulwithyourpronunciation.1.Didtheygoforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening?2.Whataninteresting(itis)/Howinterestingthestoryis!3.Howoftendoesthismagazinecomeout?8.couldthey9.Howbrightlythemoonisshining!10.WhoisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass?4.按要求改写句子。1)neitherdidwe2)shouldn,twelookdownupon3)diditstop4)canwehopetosucceed5)Should6)didthevillagersrealize7)nordoIcare8)am1allowedto9)standsagreatcastle10)Successfulasheis.ll)HaveIhadsuchaspecialdrink12)upjumped13)wasitonalonelyislandthat14)itisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedothat15)Itwasinmyhometownthatitwasmade16)dodevoteyourselftoit17)Itsnotwhatwehavedoneoccasionallythat18)Tomwon"teither19)Ifso20)Whilewalkingalongthestreet21)hedidn"twantto22)isn"tit23)didn"tyou24)haven"tyou 25)willhe26)where,that1.单句改错 1)that->vhen2)are->do3)and->but4)thedaysare->arethedays4)littlethey->littledothey6)1found-〉didifind7)nor->andnor8)give->gives9)whenwastheUNsetup->whentheUNwassetup10)Are->is11)were->was12)shewas->wasshe13)youcan->canyou14)do->does15)than->when/Hardly->Nosooner16)hadhe->hehad17)am->can18)does->do19)hespeaks->doeshespeak20)去掉A21)去掉If22)so->and23)改为Ifyouworkhard24)and->or27)since->when31)lf->whether35)that->whelher25)that->whether29)lf->whether33)who->whom1.语法填空A25)That->What30)Where->which34)while->when28)if->whether32)which->that36)whelher->that1)a2)easily3)that/which4)them5)it5)tobe7)to8)inB9)identifying10)takesl)in2)lies3)Between4)a5)iscovered6)playing7)(al)though8)where9)noisy10)you