高三英语语法专题复习讲义8 8页

高三英语语法专题复习讲义（8）Part1高考高频短语（8） 本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com1.TheideapuzzledmesomuchthatIstoppedforafewsecondstotryto____.A．makeitoutB．makeitoffC．makeitupD．makeitover2.Ifanybodycalls，tellthemI"mout，andaskthemto____theirnameandaddress．A．passB．writeC．takeD．1eave3.Thethreesistersdecidedtoholdafamilypartyto____theirparents’silverwedding．A．celebrateB．memorizeC．congratulateD．welcome4．JoeJones，theeldestoftheeightchildren，hadto____outofhighschoolattheageof16tohelphisfatheronthefarm．A．1eaveB．dropC．fallD．go5.Words．____mewheniwantedtoexpressmythankstohimforhavingsavedmysonfromtheburninghouse．A．failedB．1eftC．discouragedD．disappointed6．’一Hewasinhospitalforsixmonths．Hefeltasifhewas____fromtheoutsideworld．A．cut0utB．cutoffC．cutupD．cutthrough7.—Howabouteighto"clockoutsidethecinema?---That____mefine．A．fitsB．meetsC．satisfiesD．suits8.Happybirthday，Alice!Soyouhave_____twenty—onealready!A．becomeB．turnedC．grownD．passed9．Theyseeyouassomethingofaworrier，____problemswhichdon’texistandcrossingbridgeslongbeforeyoucometothem．A．settlingB．discoveringC．seeingD．designing--lO．一Howdoyou_____wegotoBeijingforourholidays?一Ithinkwe’dbetterflythere．It’smuchmorecomfortable．A．insistB．wantC．supposeD．suggestPart3Grammar:非谓语动词（2）现在分词及过去分词IAnalysis一、形式分词是动词的一种非限定形式。分为现在分词和过去分词。分词具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带宾语、状语。分词的否定形式是在分词前加not(notknowing,nothavingreceived,nothavingbeengiven)△现在分词：主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone21世纪教育网--中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。版权所有@21世纪教育网 本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com△   过去分词只有一种形式。例如：Havinghurriedthroughhisbreakfast,hewenttoschool.(现在分词完成式）Themanbeinginterviewedisascientist.Whenaskedsuchastrangequestion,hedidn’tknowhowtoanswer.Notknowinghisnumber,Ididn’tgetintouchwithhim(否定式)2现在分词与过去分词的区别现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表在语态和时间概念上。在语态上，现在分词（除被动式外）表示主动意思，过去分词表示被动意思。在时间上，现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词则表示动作的完成。现在分词过去分词比较:developingcountriesdevelopedcountriesboilingwaterboiledwatertherisingsuntherisensunthefallingautumnleavesthefallenautumnleaves有些过去分词只表示动作的完成，例如therisensunthefallenautumnleavesaretiredworkeraescapedprisoner有些过去分词只表示动作的被动，例如aman-madesatelliteguidedmissile(导弹)二、功能1．作表语。_____________________________________________________________________________现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性；过去分词多表示主语所处的状态，如：Thenewswasexciting./Thesituationisencouraging.Shelookeddisappointed./Heappearedsatisfiedwithmyanswer.Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea./Don’tgetexcited.2．作定语：______________________________________________________________________________① 单独作定语，应放在被修饰的名词之前，如：touchingstory/skilledworker/boiledwateragrowingcity=acitythatisgrowing/liberatedareas=areasthathavebeenliberated②在更多情况下，可以用分词短语作定语，这时分词短语应放在被修饰的名词之后，在意义上也相当于一个定语从句，如：Whoisthemanstanding(=thatisstanding)bythedoor?Theyareproblemsleft(=whichhavebeenleft)overbyhistory.③作定语的现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间有两种情况：a.表示正在进行的动作,(变为从句时要用进行时态),如：Tellthechildrenplayingthere(whoareplayingthere)nottomakesomuchnoise.Didyouseethemantalking(whowastalking)tothemanager?b.表示经常性的动作,或现在(或当时)的状态,(变为从句时,用一般时态),如：Theylivedinaroomfacing(=thatfaced)thesouth.Thehousestanding(=thatstands)atthecornerofthestreetwasbuiltin1955.④过去分词作定语时，过去分词所表示的动作可以在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，也可以是没有一定的时间性，如：Isthisthebookrecommendedbyourteacher?/Themeetingheldlastweekisveryimportant.注①：如果所表示的动作现刻正在发生，或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，可以用现在分词的被动形式来表示，如：Themeetingbeingheldisveryimportant./Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedhere.注②：如果所表示的是一个未来的动作，可以用一个不定式的被动形式来表示，如：Themeetingtobeheldnextweekisveryimportant.21世纪教育网--中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。版权所有@21世纪教育网 本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.comPleasetellmethesubjectstobediscussedatthenextmeeting.⑤现在分词短语作定语时，一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语，所以，下列句子都是错的：Thosehavingfinishedtheirworkcangohomenow.(应改为whohavefinished)3．作状语：__________________________________________________________________________________①现在分词作状语，表示陪衬性的动作或伴随情况，如：Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.Theystoodthereforanhourwatchingthegame./Shesatatthedeskreadinganewspaper.注意：a.分词表示的必须是主语的一个动作；b.分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作（或状态）是同时发生的；c.分词表示的是比较次要的动作，对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明；d.大部分放在谓语之后；e.分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。②现在分词作状语，表示行为方式或手段（这类状语可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，有时还可以放在句中。其他参考上述a-c），如：Followingtheguide,theystartedtoclimb./Workingthisway,theygreatlyreducedthecost.③现在分词作状语，表示原因或理由，如：Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.注：如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，则要用完成形式，如：Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.HavinglivedinBerlinmanyyears,heknewthecitywell.④现在分词作时间状语（相当于when引导的从句），如：Turningaround,shesawapolicecardrivingup./Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.注①：这里分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作，这动作一发生，谓语动词所表示的动作立即发生。这类分词一般放在句首。如果两个动作是完全同时发生的，多用when或while+分词这种结构，如：Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet./Don’tmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim.注②：如果要强调谓语动词的动作发生时，分词的动作已经完成，这个分词要用完成形式，如：Havingarrivedatadecision,theyimmediatelysettowork.⑤现在分词作状语还可以表示结果、条件和让步，如：Herhusbanddiedin1942,leavingherwithfivechildren.(结果)Workinghard,youwillsucceed.(条件)Weighingalmostonehundredjin,thestonewasmovedbyhimalone.(让步)⑥过去分词短语作状语，可以修饰谓语，说明动作发生的背景或情况，如：Builtin1192,thebridgeisover700yearsold.Surroundedbyagroupofpupils,theoldteacherwalkedintotheroom.⑦过去分词短语表示原因（相当于一个原因状语从句），如：Thechildren,exhausted,fellasleepatonce.⑧过去分词短语有时可以表示时间（相当于时间状语从句）和条件（相当于条件状语从句），如：Heated,waterchangesintosteam.(=When/Ifwaterisheated…)Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.注：过去分词短语作状语时，前面有时可以加上when,if,while,though,asif等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句（省略部分多为“主语+be的多种形式”）。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同，如：If/Whenheated,waterchangesintosteam.Evenifinvited,Iwon’tgo.Wewillnotattackunlessattacked./Thegirlisveryshy,andneverspeaksuntilspokento.21世纪教育网--中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。版权所有@21世纪教育网 本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com4．作宾语补足语：___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________三．在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致,但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为:独立结构___________________________________________________________________________________________独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况,表示时间、原因、条件等,例如：Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.(伴随情况)Theshowerbeingover,wecontinuedtomarch.(时间)Somanystudentsbeingabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.(原因)Weatherpermitting,we’llhaveanoutingtomorrow.(条件)IIPractice1.Thepicture______onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung2.Willthose______thechildrenfromabroadcometotheheadmaster’soffice?A.teachingB.teachC.whoteachesD.whoteaching3.Themanager,______hisfactory’sproductswerepoorinquality,decidedtogivehisworkersfurthertraining.A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.beingknown4.Theoldman,______abroadfor20years,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworked5.Theflowers______sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt6.The______boywaslastseen______neartheEastLake.A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;toplay7.–Whydidyougobacktotheshop?--Ileftmyfriend______there.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.waits8.Cookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound______inthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked9.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman______hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting10.--WebeatClassFourinthematch,youknow.--Yes.Isawyou______,butwhat’sthescore?A.playB.playingC.playedD.toplay11.______inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited12.______thebigsnake,thelittlegirlstoodunderthetree______outofherlife.A.Saw;frightenedB.Seen;frightenedC.Seeing;frightenedD.Tosee;frightening13.Findinghercarstolen,______.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchedthoroughly21世纪教育网--中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。版权所有@21世纪教育网 本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.comC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp14.Hesentmeane-mail,_____togetfurtherinformation.A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hope15.Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballorbasketballs,______thatallchildrenlikethesethings.A.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thought16.______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated17.______fully,wecanachievegreatthings.A.PreparingB.ToprepareC.PrepareD.Prepared18.Thebell______theendoftheperiodrang,_____ourheateddiscussion.A.indicating;interruptingB.indicated;interruptingC.indicating;interruptedD.indicated;interrupted.19.Thestormleft,_____alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tocauseC.tohavecausedD.havingcaused20.Though______money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedon21.“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather,”saidBob,______outofthewindow.A.lookingB.tolookC.lookedD.havinglooked22.“Youcan’tcatchme!”Janetshouted,______away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran23.Don’tsitthere______nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.A.doB.todoC.doingD.and24.When______differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.A.comparedB.comparingC.beingcomparedD.havingcompared25.Whilewatchingtelevision,_____.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings26._____theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Havingnotcompleted27.______fromhisaccent,hemustbe________America.A.Judged;fromB.Tojudge;ofC.Judging;fromD.Judging;of28.______,themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsquality.A.GeneralspeakingB.SpeakinggeneralC.GenerallyspeakingD.Speakinggenerally29.Weather______,theywillgoandvisitthezoo.A.permittedB.permitsC.permittingD.permit30.Themeeting_____over,wealllefttheroomanddrovehome.A.beingB.wasC.tobeD.hadbeenPart3综合能力训练21世纪教育网--中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。版权所有@21世纪教育网 本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.comAmotheranddaughterlivinginmycommunityaretwoofthemostunfriendlypeopleIhaveevercomeacrossinmylife.Theyaretotallyseparated,mixingwith36.Astheydrivepast37theykeeptheireyeslookingawayandmakenosignofacknowledgement.Theonlyfametheyhaveismakinganuisance(讨厌的人)ofthemselvestothelocalpolicestationby38musicplayedtooloud,dogsbarkingmorethanonceadayandanyotherpetty39gripe(把柄).Onmovingintothisneighborhood,Iwas40ofthesetwobutdecidedIwouldmakeupmyownmind.Thisprovedquitea41tomeasmorethanonceeitherthemotherorthedaughterwouldknockonmydoorandblast(猛烈抨击)mewithsome42orother.I43answeredpolitelyandmadesureI44astheywentpastmyplaceandalsomadetheeffortnowandthentomakeakindremark abouttheirgardenorpets.TimepassedandinOctober,aspartofthekindnessrockgive(送爱心石活动),MaureenandI45toplaceakindnessrockintheirgarden.Their46remainedunchanged,however,andIcontinuedtobeasfriendlyaspossible.DuringtheEastergive,wedecidedonceagainto47thesetwounhappyladiestoourlistandleftapacketofcookiesontheir48. Imaginemy49whentwodayslaterthey50atmygateandjokinglysaidtheyareconsideringhangingtheirChristmasstockingontheirgate,andthey51meabunchofflowers!So,myfellowgifters,donot52onyourrandomgiftsofkindness.Youmayneverknowjustwhatthis53toothers,norhowmanybrokenor54heartedpeopleyoumayjustchangewithasimpleactof55.36.A.nobodyB.someoneC.anyoneD.nothing37.A.ladiesB.neighborsC.friendsD.relatives38.A.composingB.requestingC.reportingD.explaining39.A.importantB.easyC.interestingD.little40.A.accusedB.warnedC.remindedD.convinced41.A.challengeB.jobC.taskD.matter42.A.jokesB.adviceC.explanationD.complaint43.A.seldomB.neverC.alwaysD.sometimes44.A.wavedB.staredC.noticedD.laughed45.A.startedB.continuedC.mentionedD.decided46.A.smileB.attitudeC.decisionD.anger47.A.addB.recommendC.reducedD.drove48.A.placeB.roofC.gateD.fence49.A.interestB.smileC.surpriseD.face50.A.whisperedB.stoppedC.shoutedD.wandered51.A.broughtB.wishedC.threwD.expected52.A.takeinB.takeupC.giveinD.giveup53.A.refersB.meansC.relatesD.contributes54.A.kindB.lightC.hardD.warm55.A.sorrowB.hopeC.imaginationD.kindness21世纪教育网--中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。版权所有@21世纪教育网 本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com参考答案Part1Phrase:ADABABDBCDCBBCAPart21—5CDCBBGrammarBAADB,AABDB,CCDBA,CAADC,ABCBC,CCCCAPart3完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)36—40ABCDB41—45ADCAD46—50BACCB51—55ADBCD21世纪教育网--中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。版权所有@21世纪教育网