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s中考英语语法复习(十四)初中英语复习专辑(14)----简单句的五种句型(1)十五、简单句的五种句型 1.主语+不及物动词(主、谓结构) eg.Heisworking. 2.主语+及物动词+宾语(主、谓、宾结构) eg.WestudyEnglisheveryday. 3.主语+连系动词+表语(主、系、表结构) eg.Treesturngreen. 常见的连系动词有:be;become;get;turn;feel;look(看起来);smell(闻起来);sound(听起来);taste(尝起来);seem(似乎). 特别注意:形容词常作表语 4.主语+及物动词+间宾(人)+直宾(物) =主语+及物动词+直宾(物)+to/for+间宾(人) 常用的此类动词有:give;pass;show;lend;buy.但buy与for连用 eg.1)Igavehimabook. =Igaveabooktohim. 2)Mymotherboughtmeapenyesterday. =Mymotherboughtapenforme. 5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补 注意作宾补的词:1)名词(指宾语是谁/什么);2)形容词;3)不定式;4)动词的ing形式。 eg.1)WecallhimJim.s
s 2)Wemustkeepthewindowopen. 3)Hetoldmetowashtheplates. 4)Isawathiefgoingintoyourroom. 特别注意: 1)动词不定式作宾补 A:ask/want/tellsbtodosth. 其否定式为:ask/want/tellsbnottodosth 2)省to不定式作宾补,即: (l,m,n;3h;2看;1f)sbdosth l-let,m-make,n-notice;3h-hear,have,help;2看-see,watch;1f-feel. eg.1)Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hourseveryday. 2)Ioftenhearhimsing. 2)区别省to不定式作宾补与动词ing形式作宾补. hear/seesbdo:听见/看见某人做了某事 hear/seesbdoing:听见/看见某人在做某事 Ⅱ、知识要点 1.问职业: Whatbe+主语?=Whatdoes/do+主语+do? eg.Heisateacher.(提问) ___________he_____? 2.It"snicetalkingtoyou.与你谈话真高兴。 △3.表方式的短语s
s 1)onfoot 2)by+交通名词单数(无冠词) =in/ona(the;物主代词;名词所有格) eg.1)bybike=onabikebycar=inacar 2)Hegoestoworkbyabikeeveryday.(改错)_____________ must:个人主观上认为"必须"(无时态变化) 4.haveto:有外部条件强加的客观上的"不得不"(存在各种时态) eg.1)I_________stoponthewaybecauseoftherain. 2)I______stopbecauseI"malittletired. △5.提建议 Shallwe…?答肯定:Goodidea/OK/ Let"s…Allright Whynot…?语否定:No,let"s… 肯定:Certainly/Yes,please/ 另外还可回答为Yes,Ithinkso/I"dloveto 否定:No,Idon"tthinkso/ I"mafraidnot. puton强调"穿"的动作:穿上,戴上后接 △6..wear是puton之后的结果:穿着"衣服" =bein名词 dresssb:给某人穿衣 eg.1)You"dbetter____moreclotheswhenyougoout.It"scoldoutside.s
s A.wearB.dressC.putonD.takeoff 2)Theboycan________himselfnow. A.wearB.dressC.putonD.takeoff 3)Tomiswearingaredshirttoday. A.isonB.isinC.isputtingon △7.在具体的某楼前用on eg.Helivesonthefifteenthfloor. △8.Howdoyoulike…?你觉得……怎么样? =Whatdoyouthinkof…? eg.Howdoyoulikethenewfilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthenewfilm?你觉得这部新电影怎么样? 9.alittle=abit 但注意:1)alittle+名词=abitof+名词) eg.Thereisalittle(abitof)waterintheglass. 2)notalittle=very notabit=notatall △10.quite:quitea(an)+形+名 very:avery+形+名 eg.Thisisaveryinterestingbook. =Thisisquiteaninterestingbook. 11.inahurry:匆忙地 eg.1)Heisinahurryallday. 2)Shewenttoschoolinahurry.s
s 另外:hurryto…=goto…inahurry 12.marrysb=bemarriedtosb.与某人结婚 getmarried=bemarried已婚;结婚 (但getmarried是"短命"动词,要指"结婚多久"应用bemarried) eg.1)Shemarriedwithadoctor(找错)______ 2)Shehasgotmarriedfortenyears(找错)__________ △13.leavesth+地点:把某物忘在某地 forgetsth:忘记某事 eg.1)He______thedriver"slicenseyesterday. 2)I____myumbrellainthetrainjustnow. △14.感叹句 1)What(a,an)+形+名(+主+谓)! (注:但名词为不可数、复数时,则不用a/an) 2)How+形/副(+主+谓)! eg.1)________badweather! 2)______hardtheyareworking! 3)______goodgirlsheis! 4)_____beautifulflowerstheyare! "雨大,雪大"heavy---heavily/hard △15."风大"strong---strongly "太阳大"bright---brightly 注意以上词的形、副区别s
s eg.1)Therewasa__________rainyesterday. 2)Itblew________lastnight. 3)Thesunisshining___________. 4)Look!It"sraining__________. 5)Whata___________wind! howlong:多长时间(问时间段) △16.howoften:多久一次(问频率) howsoon=when:何时(问将来时间) eg.1)--________doeshegohome? --Onceaweek. 2)--________wereyouawayfromschoollastyear?--Lessthanaweek. 3)--________willhecomeback? --Intwodays. eg.1)Ididn"tgotothecinema._____Iwenttothelibraryyesterday. 2)Wewouldliketostayatschool_______goingtothecinematoday. △18.so句型 so+be(助、情)+主语:"也如此" so+主语+be(助、情):"的确如此" eg.1)IwatchedTVlastnight,andsodidshe. 昨晚我看了电视,她也看了。 2)IwatchTVeveryday,andsodoeshe. 我每天看电视,他也如此。s
s 3)Icanswim,soIcan. 我会游泳,真的是这样。 注意:表示"也不如此"用neither/nor eg.Ididn"twatchTVlastnight,neitherdidshe △19.指路与问路 问路 1)Excuseme.Couldyoutellme… howIcangetto…. howtogetto… thewayto… 2)Excuseme.Whichisthewayto… 指路 1)Godown/up/alongthisroadand… go还可替换为walk 2)Godown/up/alongtotheend. 3)Goonuntilyoureachtheend. 4)Takethe…turningontheleft. =Turnleftatthe…turning. 5)Goacrossthebridge △20. eg.1)He"ssick/illinhospital. 2)Anurse(A)musttake(B)good(C)careofill(D)men.(选错)_____________s
s △21. eg.1)__________heisastudent. 2)He___________astudent. △22. 类似结构 △23.到达 但当后不接地点时,只能用arrive eg.1)She____Shanghailastnight. A.reachedtoB.gotC.arrivedinD.arrivedat 2)They____thereintimeatlast. A.reachedtoB.arrivedC.gottoD.arrivedat 3)I"llringyouupassoonashe_____(到达). eg.1)Sheis_____________girl. 2)Doyoufeel______whenyouare_____? 3)Theoldmanliveinahouse________. eg.Ihave(A)many(B)worktodo(C)______ △ eg.1)Hegaveus_________money. 2)Sheis___________young. △ eg.1)Please____yourexercisebookheretomorrow. 2)Meimeioftenhelpstheoldman_____water.s
s eg.--Ilookedformypen___________,butIcouldn"tfindit____________. ---Don"tworry.Soonerorlateryou"llfindit_________. 30.toone"ssurprise使某人吃惊的是…… 类似结构:toone"sjoy使某人高兴的是…… eg.Toourgreatsurprise,shecouldswimintheriver.使我们惊奇的是,他能在河里游泳。 31.agreewith:同意某人(或某人所说的) agreeto:同意某事 eg.1)Heagree___myplan. 2)Iagree____whatyousaid. 32.beon…team:参加……队;是……的队员 eg.Heisonthecitybasketballteam. 他是市篮球队队员。 △33.teachsb+科目(当sb是人称代词时应用宾格) eg.HeteachesourEnglish(改错)__________ △34.the100-metrerace100米赛跑 100-metre作定语,修饰race,注意metre用单数。类似结构: ①atwo-thousand-wordletter一封两千字的信 ②an18-year-oldgirl一位18岁的女孩 另外有时还可用所有格形式来表达: 100-metrerace=100metres"race two-monthholiday=twomonths"holiday 但当前面有a/an;物主代词;所有格时。则只能用复合形容词来表示:s
s eg.WhatdidtheheadmastersayaboutJim"s______. A.twomonthsholidayB.Twomonths"holiday C.two-monthholidayD.twomoth"sholiday 35.problem与question question:指人们主观上产生而提出等待回答的问题。常与ask,answer连用 problem:指客观上存在等待解决的问题着重指"难题"。常与solve,workout连用 1)Wemustfindoutagoodwaytosolvethe______. 2)Youcananswerthe_____inyourownwords. borrow:借进borrow…from从…借 △36.lend:借出lendsbsth=lendsthtosb 把某物借给某人 keep:保存;借(多久)(与时间段连用) 1)Jack____mehisbikelastweek. 2)Youcan_____thebookfromme,butyoucan____itforonlyoneweek. △37.It"s+adj+of/forsbtodosth. 当形容词用于修饰人时,介词用of.常见的此类形容词有:kind;good;clever;careful;polite;right;wrong.其余情况用for. 1)It"sveryclever____youtodothat. 2)It"shard____metoworkouttheproblem. △38.more:另外的;额外的(放在数量词之后) another:再一(另一…)(放在数量词之前) 1)MayIhavetwo_____apples? 2)MayIborrow_______onebook?s
s usedto+动原:过去常常做… △39.beusedto+动原:被用于做… be/getusedtosth:习惯于某事 1)Heusedtobelateforschool. 2)Theknifeisusedtocutthings. 3)Heisuesdtohardwork. other:放在被修饰词之前 △40.else:放在被修饰词之后,一般修饰不定代词和疑问词 1)otherstudents别的学生 2)anybodyelse.其它任何人 whatelse.别的什么 △41.so+形/副 such+形+名 但注意: 1)so+形+a/an+单名=sucha/an+形+单名 2)so(many/much/few/little)+名 3)so…that;such…that如此…以致… ①Itwas____badweather. ②Thereare____manypoorinthecountry. ③____fewanimalseat____muchgrass. ④Thiscityis____old,you"dbettervisitit. ⑤It"s______importantparty____Ican"tmissit.s
s have/hasbeento:曾经去过…s