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  • 2022-06-17 15:50:08 发布

中考英语语法复习(十四)

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s中考英语语法复习(十四)初中英语复习专辑(14)----简单句的五种句型(1)十五、简单句的五种句型  1.主语+不及物动词(主、谓结构)  eg.Heisworking.  2.主语+及物动词+宾语(主、谓、宾结构)  eg.WestudyEnglisheveryday.  3.主语+连系动词+表语(主、系、表结构)  eg.Treesturngreen.  常见的连系动词有:be;become;get;turn;feel;look(看起来);smell(闻起来);sound(听起来);taste(尝起来);seem(似乎).  特别注意:形容词常作表语  4.主语+及物动词+间宾(人)+直宾(物)  =主语+及物动词+直宾(物)+to/for+间宾(人)  常用的此类动词有:give;pass;show;lend;buy.但buy与for连用  eg.1)Igavehimabook.  =Igaveabooktohim.  2)Mymotherboughtmeapenyesterday.  =Mymotherboughtapenforme.  5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补  注意作宾补的词:1)名词(指宾语是谁/什么);2)形容词;3)不定式;4)动词的ing形式。  eg.1)WecallhimJim.s s  2)Wemustkeepthewindowopen.  3)Hetoldmetowashtheplates.  4)Isawathiefgoingintoyourroom.  特别注意:  1)动词不定式作宾补  A:ask/want/tellsbtodosth.  其否定式为:ask/want/tellsbnottodosth  2)省to不定式作宾补,即:  (l,m,n;3h;2看;1f)sbdosth  l-let,m-make,n-notice;3h-hear,have,help;2看-see,watch;1f-feel.  eg.1)Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hourseveryday.  2)Ioftenhearhimsing.  2)区别省to不定式作宾补与动词ing形式作宾补.  hear/seesbdo:听见/看见某人做了某事  hear/seesbdoing:听见/看见某人在做某事  Ⅱ、知识要点  1.问职业:  Whatbe+主语?=Whatdoes/do+主语+do?  eg.Heisateacher.(提问)  ___________he_____?  2.It"snicetalkingtoyou.与你谈话真高兴。  △3.表方式的短语s s  1)onfoot  2)by+交通名词单数(无冠词)  =in/ona(the;物主代词;名词所有格)  eg.1)bybike=onabikebycar=inacar  2)Hegoestoworkbyabikeeveryday.(改错)_____________  must:个人主观上认为"必须"(无时态变化)  4.haveto:有外部条件强加的客观上的"不得不"(存在各种时态)  eg.1)I_________stoponthewaybecauseoftherain.  2)I______stopbecauseI"malittletired.  △5.提建议  Shallwe…?答肯定:Goodidea/OK/  Let"s…Allright  Whynot…?语否定:No,let"s…  肯定:Certainly/Yes,please/  另外还可回答为Yes,Ithinkso/I"dloveto  否定:No,Idon"tthinkso/  I"mafraidnot.  puton强调"穿"的动作:穿上,戴上后接  △6..wear是puton之后的结果:穿着"衣服"  =bein名词  dresssb:给某人穿衣  eg.1)You"dbetter____moreclotheswhenyougoout.It"scoldoutside.s s  A.wearB.dressC.putonD.takeoff  2)Theboycan________himselfnow.  A.wearB.dressC.putonD.takeoff  3)Tomiswearingaredshirttoday.  A.isonB.isinC.isputtingon  △7.在具体的某楼前用on  eg.Helivesonthefifteenthfloor.  △8.Howdoyoulike…?你觉得……怎么样?  =Whatdoyouthinkof…?  eg.Howdoyoulikethenewfilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthenewfilm?你觉得这部新电影怎么样?  9.alittle=abit  但注意:1)alittle+名词=abitof+名词)  eg.Thereisalittle(abitof)waterintheglass.  2)notalittle=very  notabit=notatall  △10.quite:quitea(an)+形+名  very:avery+形+名  eg.Thisisaveryinterestingbook.  =Thisisquiteaninterestingbook.  11.inahurry:匆忙地  eg.1)Heisinahurryallday.  2)Shewenttoschoolinahurry.s s  另外:hurryto…=goto…inahurry  12.marrysb=bemarriedtosb.与某人结婚  getmarried=bemarried已婚;结婚  (但getmarried是"短命"动词,要指"结婚多久"应用bemarried)  eg.1)Shemarriedwithadoctor(找错)______  2)Shehasgotmarriedfortenyears(找错)__________  △13.leavesth+地点:把某物忘在某地  forgetsth:忘记某事  eg.1)He______thedriver"slicenseyesterday.  2)I____myumbrellainthetrainjustnow.  △14.感叹句  1)What(a,an)+形+名(+主+谓)!  (注:但名词为不可数、复数时,则不用a/an)  2)How+形/副(+主+谓)!  eg.1)________badweather!  2)______hardtheyareworking!  3)______goodgirlsheis!  4)_____beautifulflowerstheyare!  "雨大,雪大"heavy---heavily/hard  △15."风大"strong---strongly  "太阳大"bright---brightly  注意以上词的形、副区别s s  eg.1)Therewasa__________rainyesterday.  2)Itblew________lastnight.  3)Thesunisshining___________.  4)Look!It"sraining__________.  5)Whata___________wind!  howlong:多长时间(问时间段)  △16.howoften:多久一次(问频率)  howsoon=when:何时(问将来时间)  eg.1)--________doeshegohome?  --Onceaweek.  2)--________wereyouawayfromschoollastyear?--Lessthanaweek.  3)--________willhecomeback?  --Intwodays.  eg.1)Ididn"tgotothecinema._____Iwenttothelibraryyesterday.  2)Wewouldliketostayatschool_______goingtothecinematoday.  △18.so句型  so+be(助、情)+主语:"也如此"  so+主语+be(助、情):"的确如此"  eg.1)IwatchedTVlastnight,andsodidshe.  昨晚我看了电视,她也看了。  2)IwatchTVeveryday,andsodoeshe.  我每天看电视,他也如此。s s  3)Icanswim,soIcan.  我会游泳,真的是这样。  注意:表示"也不如此"用neither/nor  eg.Ididn"twatchTVlastnight,neitherdidshe  △19.指路与问路  问路  1)Excuseme.Couldyoutellme…  howIcangetto….  howtogetto…  thewayto…  2)Excuseme.Whichisthewayto…  指路  1)Godown/up/alongthisroadand…  go还可替换为walk  2)Godown/up/alongtotheend.  3)Goonuntilyoureachtheend.  4)Takethe…turningontheleft.  =Turnleftatthe…turning.  5)Goacrossthebridge  △20.  eg.1)He"ssick/illinhospital.  2)Anurse(A)musttake(B)good(C)careofill(D)men.(选错)_____________s s  △21.  eg.1)__________heisastudent.  2)He___________astudent.  △22.  类似结构  △23.到达  但当后不接地点时,只能用arrive  eg.1)She____Shanghailastnight.  A.reachedtoB.gotC.arrivedinD.arrivedat  2)They____thereintimeatlast.  A.reachedtoB.arrivedC.gottoD.arrivedat  3)I"llringyouupassoonashe_____(到达).  eg.1)Sheis_____________girl.  2)Doyoufeel______whenyouare_____?  3)Theoldmanliveinahouse________.  eg.Ihave(A)many(B)worktodo(C)______  △  eg.1)Hegaveus_________money.  2)Sheis___________young.  △  eg.1)Please____yourexercisebookheretomorrow.  2)Meimeioftenhelpstheoldman_____water.s s  eg.--Ilookedformypen___________,butIcouldn"tfindit____________.  ---Don"tworry.Soonerorlateryou"llfindit_________.  30.toone"ssurprise使某人吃惊的是……  类似结构:toone"sjoy使某人高兴的是……  eg.Toourgreatsurprise,shecouldswimintheriver.使我们惊奇的是,他能在河里游泳。  31.agreewith:同意某人(或某人所说的)  agreeto:同意某事  eg.1)Heagree___myplan.  2)Iagree____whatyousaid.  32.beon…team:参加……队;是……的队员  eg.Heisonthecitybasketballteam.  他是市篮球队队员。  △33.teachsb+科目(当sb是人称代词时应用宾格)  eg.HeteachesourEnglish(改错)__________  △34.the100-metrerace100米赛跑  100-metre作定语,修饰race,注意metre用单数。类似结构:  ①atwo-thousand-wordletter一封两千字的信  ②an18-year-oldgirl一位18岁的女孩  另外有时还可用所有格形式来表达:  100-metrerace=100metres"race  two-monthholiday=twomonths"holiday  但当前面有a/an;物主代词;所有格时。则只能用复合形容词来表示:s s  eg.WhatdidtheheadmastersayaboutJim"s______.  A.twomonthsholidayB.Twomonths"holiday  C.two-monthholidayD.twomoth"sholiday  35.problem与question  question:指人们主观上产生而提出等待回答的问题。常与ask,answer连用  problem:指客观上存在等待解决的问题着重指"难题"。常与solve,workout连用  1)Wemustfindoutagoodwaytosolvethe______.  2)Youcananswerthe_____inyourownwords.  borrow:借进borrow…from从…借  △36.lend:借出lendsbsth=lendsthtosb  把某物借给某人  keep:保存;借(多久)(与时间段连用)  1)Jack____mehisbikelastweek.  2)Youcan_____thebookfromme,butyoucan____itforonlyoneweek.  △37.It"s+adj+of/forsbtodosth.  当形容词用于修饰人时,介词用of.常见的此类形容词有:kind;good;clever;careful;polite;right;wrong.其余情况用for.  1)It"sveryclever____youtodothat.  2)It"shard____metoworkouttheproblem.  △38.more:另外的;额外的(放在数量词之后)  another:再一(另一…)(放在数量词之前)  1)MayIhavetwo_____apples?  2)MayIborrow_______onebook?s s  usedto+动原:过去常常做…  △39.beusedto+动原:被用于做…  be/getusedtosth:习惯于某事  1)Heusedtobelateforschool.  2)Theknifeisusedtocutthings.  3)Heisuesdtohardwork.  other:放在被修饰词之前  △40.else:放在被修饰词之后,一般修饰不定代词和疑问词  1)otherstudents别的学生  2)anybodyelse.其它任何人  whatelse.别的什么  △41.so+形/副  such+形+名  但注意:  1)so+形+a/an+单名=sucha/an+形+单名  2)so(many/much/few/little)+名  3)so…that;such…that如此…以致…  ①Itwas____badweather.  ②Thereare____manypoorinthecountry.  ③____fewanimalseat____muchgrass.  ④Thiscityis____old,you"dbettervisitit.  ⑤It"s______importantparty____Ican"tmissit.s s  have/hasbeento:曾经去过…s