英语语法点总结 13页

七年级下册英语语法点总结Unit1Where"syourpenpalfrom?一.短语：1•befrom=comefiom來自于-…2.livein居住在…3.onweekends在周末4.writetosb=writealettertosb给某人写信；写信给某人5.intheworld在世界上inChina在中国6.penpal笔友14yearsold14岁favoritesubject最喜欢的科目7.theUnitedStates美国theUnitedKingdom英国NewYork纽约8.speakEnglish讲英语likeanddislike爱憎9.gotothemovies去看电影playsports做运动二.重点句式：1Whereasyourpenpalfrom?=Wheredoesyourpenpalfrom/2Wheredoeshelive?3Whatlanguagc（s）docshespeak?4IwantapenpalinChina.5IcanspeakEnglishandalittleFrench・6Pleasewriteandtellmeaboutyourself.7Canyouwritetomesoon?8Ilikegoingtothemovieswithmyfriendsandplayingsports・三.本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。1Canada--一Canadian・一・English/French2FranceFrenchFrench3JapanJapanese—Japanese4Australia——AustralianEnglish5theUnitedStatesAmerica—English6theUnitedKingdom・・・BritishEnghishUnit2Where"sthepostoffice?一・Askingways:（问路）1.Whereis（thenearest）?（最近的）在哪里？2.Canyoutellmethewayto?你能告诉我去的路吗?3.HowcanIgetto?我怎样到达......呢？4.Istherenearhere/intheneighborhood?附近有吗？5.Whichisthewayto?哪条是去的路?二.Showingtheways:（指路）1.Gostraightdown/alongthisstreet.沿着这条街一直走。2.Turnleftatthesecondturning.在第二个路口向左转。 1.Youwillfinditonyourright.你会在你右手边发现它。2.Itisaboutonehundredmetresfromhere.离这里大约一百米远。3.You"dbettertakeabus.你最好坐公交车去。（You"dbcttcr+动词原形）二.词组1.acrossfrom在的对面acrossfromthebank在银行的对面2.nextto紧靠nexttothesupermarket紧靠超市3.betweenand在和之间betweentheparkandthezoo在公园和动物园之I、可among表示位于三者或三者以上之间4.infrontof.在前面Thereisatreeinfrontoftheclassroom.课室前面有棵树。inthefrontof.在（内）的前部Thereisadeskinthefrontoftheclassroom.课室内的前部有张桌子。5.behind在后面behindmyhouse在我家后面6.turnleft/right向左/右拐ontheleft/rightof在某物的左/右边ontheleftofourschool在我们学校的左边ononc^left/right在某人的左/右边onmyleft在我左边7.gostraight一直走8.down/along沿着（街道）down/alongCenterStreet沿着中央街9.intheneighborhood=nearhere在附近10welcometo欢迎来到11.take/haveawalk散步12.thebeginningof的开始，前端atthebeginningof在的开始，前端inthebeginning起初，一开始13.havefun=haveagoodtime=enjoyoneself玩得开心，过得愉快我昨天玩得很开心。Ihadfunyesterday.Ihadagoodtimeyesterday.Ienjoyedmyselfyesterday.14.haveagoodtrip旅途愉快15.takeataxi坐出租车16.到达：getto+地方gethere/there/home到这/那/家arrivein+大地方IarriveinBeijing.arriveat+小地方Iarriveatthebank.reach+地方17.goacross从物体表而横过goacrossthestreet横过马路gothrough从空间穿过gothroughtheforest穿过树林18.on+街道的名称。E.g.onCenterStreetat+具体门牌号+街道的名称Eg:at6CenterStreet 三.重难点解析1.enjoydoingsth享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事Ienjoyreading.我喜爱读书。到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy,都是要帯doing.Ifinishcleaningtheroom.我扫完了这间屋子。2.hopetodosth希望做某事Ihopetopassthisexam.我希望通过这次考试。hope+从句Ihopetomorrowwillbefine.我希望明天将会晴朗。（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。如tomorrowwillbefine是一个从句，它又放在Ihope的后面，形成句中有句。）3.if引导一个表示假设的句子。IfIhavemuchmoney,Iwillgotothemoon.如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。Ifyouarchungry,youcanbuysomefoodinthesupermarket.如果你饿了的话，你可以在超市买一些食物。二.本单元的反义词、近义词配对lnew一old2quiet…busy3dirty…clean4big・…smallUnit3Whydoyoulikekoalabears?一.重点词组eatgrasseatleavesbequietveryshyverysmartverycuteplaywithherfriendskindofSouthAfricaotheranimalsatnightinthedayeverydayduringtheday二.交际用语1.Whydoyoulikepandas?Becausethey"reverycleve匚2.Whydoeshelikekoalas?Becausethey9rekindofinteresting・3.Wherearelionsfrom?TheyarefromSouthAfrica.4.Whatotheranimalsdoyoulike?Ilikedogs,too.Why?Becausethey^refi-iendlyandclever.5.Mollylikestoplaywithherfriendsandeatgrass.6.She"sveryshy・7.HeisfromAustralia・8・Hesleepsduringtheday,butatnighthegetsupandeatsleaves・9.Heusuallysleepsandrelaxes20hourseveryday.10.Let"sseethepandasfirst.II•Theytckindofinteresting.12.Whatotheranimalsdoyoulike?13•Whydoyouwanttoseethelions?三.重点难点释义1、kindof有点，稍微Koalabearsarckindofshy.考拉有点害羞。kind还有“种类""的意思 如：各种各样的allkindsofWehaveallkindsofbeautifulflowersinourschool.2、Chinan.中国African.非洲China和Africa都是专有名词，首字母都应该大写，而且和介词in连用。TherearemanykindsoftigersinChina.TherearemanykindsofscaryanimalsinAfrica.3、friendlyadj.友好的，和蔼可亲的它是名词friend的形容词形式，常常和be动词连用，befriendly□ThepeopleinChengduareveryfriendly.4^withprep.跟，同，和…在一起Iusuallyplaychesswithmyfather.注意区别与and的用法，and通常用于连接主语或宾语，连接主语时，如果有1,1通常放在and之后，女口：MyfatherandIusuallyplaychesstogether.Playwith“和…一起玩耍”“玩Ioftenplaywithmypetdog.Don"tplaywithwater!5、day和night是一对反义词，day表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。通常说intheday,duringtheday,atnight。Koalabearsoftensleepduringthedayandeatleavesatnight.6^leafn.叶子复数形式为：leaves,类似的变化还有：wife—wives,wolf—wolves,knife一knives等。7^hourn.小时；点钟horn•前边通常加上冠词an表示"一个小时"，即：anhour。Thereare24hoursinadayand60minutesinanhour.8、befrom来自…befrom=comefromPandasarefromChina.=PandascomeformChina.9、meatn.（食用的）肉，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much來修饰，即：muchmeatHeeatsmuchmeateveryday.10>grassn.草，为不可数名词，表示"许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：muchgrass。Thereismuchgrassontheplayground.一.语法知识特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who"、“which"、“when"、“where"、“how"、“howold”、“howmany"等开头，对某一具体问题进行提问。特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况：1.疑问句+—般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如： Whafsyourgrandfather^telephonenumber?你爷爷的电话号码是多少？Whoisthatboywithbigeyes?那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？Whichseasondoyoulikebest?你最喜欢哪个季节？Whenishegoingtoplaythepiano?他什么时候弹钢琴？Wheredoeshelive?他住在哪儿？Howareyou?你好吗？Howoldareyou?你多大了？Howmanybrothersandsistersdoyouhave?你有儿个兄弟姐妹？1.疑问句+陈述句结构。这吋疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如：Whoisondutytoday?今天谁值日？Whichmanisyourteacher?哪位男士是你的老师？我们学过的What/Howabout+名词/代词+其他？也是特殊疑问句，它是一种省略结构。例如：IlikeEnglish.What/Howaboutyou?我喜欢英语。你呢？Whataboutplayingbasketball?打篮球怎么样？Unit4Iwanttobeanactor.一.短语：1wanttodosth想要作某事2givesbsth=givesthtosb给某人某物/把某物给某人3helpsbdosth帮助某人作某事Eg:Iwanttohelpmymotherdosomehouseworkathome.4helpsbwithsth帮助某人谋事Eg:Iwanttohelpmymotherwithsomehouseworkathome1talkwith/tosb和.…谈话2bebusydoingsth忙于做某事3inahospital在医院14work/studyhard努力工作5EveningNewspaper晚扌艮二.重点句式及注意事项：1询问职业的特殊疑问词是what；有三种主要句式①What+is/are+sb?②What+does/do+sb+do?③What+is/are+名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+job?1Peoplegivemetheirmoneyorgettheirmoneyfromme.2SometimesIworkinthedayandsometimesatnight.3Iliketalkingtopeople.4Iworklate.Fmverybusywhenpeoplegoouttodinners.5Wheredoesyoursisterwork?6thenwchaveajobforyouasawaiter.7Doyouwanttoworkforamagazine?Thencomeandworkforusasareporte匚8Doyouliketoworkeveningsandweekends?9Weareaninternationalschoolforchildrenof5-12. Unit7Whatdoeshelooklike?一.短语1looklike看起来像.…2curly/short/straight/Ionghair卷/短/直发3mediumheight/build中等高度/身体4alittlebit一点儿…5apopsinger一位流行歌手6haveanewlook呈现新血貌7goshopping（dosomeshopping）去购物8thecaptainofthebasketballteam篮球队队长9bepopularwithsb为…所喜爱10stoptodosth停下来去做某事11stopdoingsth停止正在做的事情12telljokes/stories讲笑话/讲故事13havefundoingsth愉快地做某事14remember（forget）todosth记得（忘记）做某事（没有做的）15remember（forget）doingsth记得（忘记）做过某事（已做）16oneof中的一个二.本单元的重点句：1Isthatyourfriend?No,itisn"t.2Whatdoesshelooklike?3IthinkIknowher.（Idon"tthinkIknowher.）4WangLinisthecaptainofthebasketballteam.5She"salittlebitquiet.6XuQianlovestotelljokes.7Sheneverstopstalking.8Shelikesreadingandplayingchess.9Idon"tthinkhe"ssogreat.10Icangoshoppingandnobodyknowsme.11Nowhehasanewlook.三.重难点解析1Whatdocs/do+主语+looklike?询问某人的外貌特征，看上去什么样？Eg:Whatdoesyourfriendlooklike?2形容头发时，可按照先长短，后曲直，最后说颜色的顺序说。Eg:Shehaslongcurlyblackhair.3oneof+名词复数，谓语动词要用“单三"形式。Eg:Oneofhisfriendsisaworker.4不定代词做主语吋，谓语动词要用“单三”形式。修饰不定代词词，应该放在它的后面.Eg:Icangoshoppingandnobodyknowsme.5.Heis...（通常为形容词，包括身高、体形等）Hehas...（通常为形容词修饰的名词，包括头发、五官）Hewears...（穿、戴、留。可以是衣服、帽子、鞋子等，也可以是眼镜、手表、胡须） 5.Idon"tthink…的用法表达否定的看法Idon"tthinksheisgood-looking.Unit81"dlikesomenoodles一.短语1•beefandtomatonoodlesnoodleswithbeefandtomato牛肉西红柿面chickenandcabbagenoodlesmuttonandpotatonoodlestomatoandeggnoodlesbeefandcarrotnoodles2.wouldliketodosthwanttodosth想要作某事3.whatkindofnoodles什么种类的面条4.whatsizebowlofnoodles什么大小碗型的面5.alargemediumsmallbowlofnoodles大中小碗的面6.icecream冰淇淋orangejuice桔汁greentea绿茶RMB人民币phonenumber7.HouseofDumplingsnoodles饺子面馆DessertHouse甜点屋二.重点句型1•Whatkindofvcgctablcsmcatdrinkfoodwouldyoulike?Fdlike......Edlikechickenandcabbagenoodles・2.Whatkindofnoodleswouldyoulike?Fdlikebeefnoodles.3.Whatkindofnoodleswouldyoulike?Edlikechickenandcabbagenoodles・4.Whatsizebowlplateofnoodleswouldyoulike?fdlikealargemediumsmallbowlmoodes・5.Whatsizecakewouldyoulike?Iwouldlikeasmallbirthday-cakc・三.重难点解析1.wouldlike想要（表示一种委婉的语气）其用法相当于want.wouldlike+名i司wouldlikeanapple（wantanapple）wouldliketodosthHewouldliketoplaysocccr.-…Wouldyouliketoseethedolphins?-…Yes,Tdliketo.（1）would是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，可与人称代词缩写为"d,与其它情态动词一样可帮助完成疑问句和否定句。（你能举出例子吗？）我想要些牛肉。I"dlikesomebeef.她想去打乒乓球。Shewouldliketoplayping-pang.（你能变否定句和疑问句吗？）（2）Wouldyoulikesth.?是提建议的一种句型,如需用一些,用some而不用any.肯定回答是：Yes,please./Allright./Yes./OK.其否定回答是：No,thanks.2.Whatkindofnoodleswouldyoulike?kind在此句中作"种类"讲,akindof一种，allkindsof各种各样的。kindof有几分Acatisakindofanimal.Thereareallkindsofanimalsinthezoo Thecatiskindofsmart.1.CanIhelpyou?你要买什么肯定Yes,please.Iwouldlike否定No,thanks.Unit9Howwasyourweekend一.短语1.play+运动playsoccerplaytennisplaysportsplaythe+乐2带playtheguitarplaywith…和某人物玩耍2.have+三餐havebreakfastlunchsupper3.studyfor...cleantheroomvisitsbstayathomehaveapartytalkshow4・gotothebeachgotothemoviesgoforawalkgotothemountains5.goshoppingdosomeshoppinggototheshop买东西6.lastweekendovertheweekend上周末onweekends每周末7•on+某R+morning、afternoon、eveningin+morning、afternoon、eveningin+年月季节at+时刻last(next)monthycarwcck8・whatabout=howabout呢9.spendtheweekendlastweek度过上周的周末10.ifstimetodosth=ifstimeforsth该做么的时候了11.lookfor寻找二，重点句型和语法1.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，通常与过去的时间状语连用：yesterday,lastweek(month,year)(1)系动词be的过去时:am(is)―>was，arc—>wcrc陈述句：Hewasathomeyesterday.否定句：Hewasnlathomeyesterday.疑问句：Washeathomeyesterday?Yes,hewas./No,hewasn"t.(2)行为动词的一般过去时：陈述句：主语+动词过去式+其它Igotothemovie.—>1wenttothemovie.否定句：主语+助动词didn，t+动词原形+其它Idon^tgotoschooltoday.—>1didn"tgotoschool.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它Doyouhavebreakfast?—>Didyouhavebreakfast?Yes,Ido./No,Idon"t.Yes,Idid./No,Ididn"t.(3)规则动词的过去式变化规则变化规则例词一般在词尾加一cd.play—>playcd以不发音的e结尾的,只加like—>liked love—>loved以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i,再加一ed.study—studiedcarry—>carried以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭咅节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加・cdstop-stoppedplan—^planned动词不规则变化：do—>didhave—>hadgo—>wentsee—>sawread—>rcadget—>gotgive—>gavesleep—>slepteat—>atewrite—>wrotefind_■一found1.what"sthedatetoday?Ifs...2.Whatwasthedateyesterday?Itwas...3.What"stheweatherliketoday?It"s...?4.Howwasyourweekend?5.Whatdidshedo?Shedidherhomework6.Whatdidhedolastweekend?Heplayedsoccer・7.ITstimetogohome=It"stimeforhomeUnit10Wheredidyougoonvacation?■.decidetodosthallday一.重点句子和注意事项1•Wheredidyougoonvacation?Iwenttosummercamp.Wheredidtheygoonvacation?TheywenttoNewYorkCity.Wheredidhegoonvacation?Hestayedathome・Wheredidshegoonvacation?Shevisitedheruncle.2.Didyou/hc/shc/thcygotoCentralPark?Yes,I/he/she/theydid.No,I/he/she/theydidn"t.3•Howwerethemovies?Theywerefantastic1.havefundoingsomethingT•某事有乐趣=enjoyoneselfdoingsomethingWehavefunlearningandspeakingEnglish・WeenjoyourselveslearningandspeakingEnglish・我们学英语有很多乐趣.2.findsb.doingsth.发现某人在干某事findsb.dosth.发现某人干过某事Ifindhimreadingthenovel（彳、说）.Ifoundhimgointotheroom・3.corner角落，角，拐角处inthecomer在角落里（指在建筑物里面）atthecorner在拐角处（指在建筑物外而或道路的拐角）Mybikeisatthecomer. 1.belost迷路了=getlost,lost（adj.）Thegirlwaslostinthebigcity.2.helpsb.（to）dosth.=helpsbforsth帮助某人干某事HealwayshelpsuslearnEnglish3.makesb.dosth.让/使某人干某事let/havesb.dosth.do前不带toThemoviemakesmerelaxing.Lettheboydohishomeworkalone・4.feel+adj.感至U...Ifeelhungry/tired/happy/excited5.decidetodosth.决定干某事TheydecidedtogotoHainanonvacation.Uint11Whatdoyouthinkofgameshows?一.词组1.TVshows（电视节目）soapoperasitcomacomedyanactionmovieadocumentaryathrillercartoonBeijingOperaAnimalWorldTellitlikeitisLawTodaygameshowCCTVNewsNewsin30MinutesManandNatureChineseCookingAroundChinatalkshowLucky52SportsnewssportsshowCultureChina2.writeanarticlefortheschoolmagazine.给学校杂志写一篇文章3.athirteen-year-oldboy.一个十三岁的男孩4.wearcolorfulclothes.穿着颜色鲜艳的衣服5.interviewsb.采访某人infact.实际上6.wearscarves.戴着围巾thinkof想起，考虑到二.重点句型1.Whatdoyouthinkofsoapoperas?Ican"tstandthem.2.Whatdoyouthinkofsportsshows?Idon"tmindthem.3.Whatdoesshethinkof"HilltopHigh"?Shedoesn*tlikeit.4.WhatdocsTonythinkofTommy?Helikeshim.5.WhatdotheythinkofAmanda?Theyloveher三.重难点解析1.wear（v.动词）”穿，戴,佩”。根据不同宾语，翻译不同的汉语意思。weareamngs戴耳环wearadress穿连衣裙wearawatch戴手表wearabeard蓄胡子wearlonghair留长发2.think”想，考虑，思索“（v.动词）可以和许多介词搭配，组成新的意思。A：thinkof"考虑”；”有…的看法”，有时等于thinkabout.WhatdoeshethinkofBeijingOpera?他对京剧有什么看法？Mymotheralwaysthinksofeverything!我妈妈总是想到所有的东西。thinkhighlyofsb./sth.对某人或某物评价甚高MrBlackthinkshighlyofhisson.布莱克先生对他儿子评价甚高。B：thinkabout"考虑”（指计划，观念，看它是否相宜、可行） HeisthinkingaboutgoingtoChina.他正在考虑去中国。1.too与either的区别too”也”，表示肯定意义，与肯定的表达方法连用；而either"也不”，表示否定意义，与否定的表达方法连用。（1）一Mybrotherlikestoplaysoccer.我哥哥喜欢踢足球。一Ido,too.我也是（喜欢）。（2）—Mybrotherdoesn"tliketoplaysoccer.我哥哥不喜欢踢足球。一Idon"t,either.我也不喜欢。also也可以表示”也”，但一般情况下，too和either放在句子Z后，also放在动词之前。Wealsolovetalkshows.我们也喜欢访谈节目。2.athirteen-year-oldboy一个十三岁的男孩此结构屮，year用单数形式，且用连字符，这种结构用作定语。afive-month-oldbaby—个五个月大的婴儿3.enjoy(v.喜爱,享受)enjoy后面接名词、代词或动名词，注意与like/love用法的区别。like/love还可以接动词不定式(todo)。Ienjoythesoapoperas.我喜爱肥皂剧。Ienjoywatchingthesoapoperas.我喜爱看肥皂剧。但我们不能说:Ienjoytowatchthesoapoperas.只能说：Ilike/lovetowatchthesoapoperas.4.mind表示”介意，反对”的意思时，通常用在疑问句、否定句中。Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?请你打开窗子好不好？Hedoesn"tmindthecoldweatheratall.他一点都不在乎寒冷的天气。多用于以下句型：(表示请求或征求意见)后接动名词/名词/代词。Wouldyoumind(doing)...?Doyoumind(doing)...?5.stand表示忍受(多用于否定句、疑问句)Hecan*tstandthehotweather.他忍受不了炎热的天气。Canyoustandthepain?你忍受得了疼吗？1.Whatdoyouthinkof...?你认为…怎么样？(谈论对某事物的喜好程度)可选择的回答有:(1)Ilikeit.(2)Idon"tmindit.(3)Idon"tlikeit.(4)Icanrtstandit.(5)Ilikeitverymuch.(6)Iloveit.(7)It"sbeautiful.(8)They"refantasticUnit12Don"tcatinclass.一.短语1.inclass在课上2.onschoolnights在上学的晚上3.schoolrules校规1.notalking禁止交谈5.listentomusic听音乐6.haveto不得不1.takemydogforawalk带狗去散步8.eatoutside在外而吃饭9.inthehallway在走廊上2.wearaunifonn穿制服11.arrivelateforclass上学迟到12.afterschool放学后17.bein bed在床上13.practicetheguitar练习弹吉它14.inthecafeteria在自助食堂里15.meetmyfriends和我朋友见面16.byteno"clock.十点之前18.theChildren"sPalace少年宫19.helpmymommakedinner帮助我妈做饭一.重点句型1.Don"tarrivelateforschool=Don"tbelateforschool1.Don"tfight=2.Don"tlistentomusicintheclassroom.3.Don"truninthehallways4.Don"tsmoke.Ifsbadforyourhealth.5.Don"tplaycardsinschool6.Don"ttalkinclass7.Don"twatchTVonschoolnights.8.Don"tsleepinclass.9.Don"tplaysportsintheclassrooms.11.Don"tsingsongsatnight.1.Don"ttalkwhenyoueat.2.Don"twearhatsinclass.3.Dohomeworkby10:00.4.Cleanyourhouse!5.Makethebed.6.Canwe?Yes,wecan.No,wecan"t.Eg:Canwearrivelateforclass?No,wecan"t.Wecan"tarrivelateforclass.l&Doyouhavetowashyourclothes?Yes,Ido./No,Idon"t.二.重难点解析：1.情态动词haveto的用法，意思是”必须、不得不”，它侧重于客观上的必要和外界的权威。（1）结构：主语+haveto+动词原形+其他（一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，用hasto；句子是过去时，用hadto.）如：Wehavetowearsneakersforgymclass.在体育课上，我们必须穿运动鞋。Tomhastopracticetheguitareveryday.汤姆每天必须练习弹吉它«Ihadtogetupat5:00amlastMonday.上周一,我不得不早上5点起床。（2）否定形式：主语+don,thaveto+动词原形+其他（一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，用doesn"thaveto.句子是过去时，用didn"thaveto）如：Nickdoesn"thavetowearauniform.尼克不必穿制服。Wcdidnrthavetodoourhomeworkatonce.我们不必马上完成作业。（3）疑问句：Do（Does或Did）+主语+haveto+动词原形+其他如：Doyouhavetostayathomeonweekends?周末你必须呆在家里吗？Yes,Ido./No,Idon*t.是的，我必须。不，我不必。Didhehavetogotobedby11:00lastnight?昨晚，他不得不11点前上床睡觉吗？2.情态动词can的用法（1）表示能力，哙"能”（在第一册中已经学习这种用法）Canyouplaytheguitar?你会弹吉它吗？JudycanspeakalittleChinese.朱蒂会说一点中文。Ican danceandsing.我能唱歌又能跳舞。（2）表示允许、许可，”可以“、”能“（在这一课中新学的词义）Canthestudentsruninthehallways?学生们可以在走廊上跑吗？Wecaneatoutside.我们可以在外面吃东西。CanIcomein?我能进來吗？注意同样是情态动词，can和haveto的用法是有区别的，和大部分情态动词一样，can在否定句屮，直接在can后加上not,在疑问句中，把can放到主语前面，并且没有人称和数的变化。1.hear,listen和sound都有”听”的意思,但三者是有区别的。（1）hear”听说”,侧重于”听啲内容Pmsorrytohearthatyouareill.听说你生病了，我很难过。Ineverheardsuchaninterestingstory.我从来没听过这么有趣的一个故事。（2）listen”听,侧重于”听”这一动作。Listentomecarefully.认真听我说。Thechildrenliketolistentomusic.孩子们喜欢听音乐。（3）sound"听起来”,它是系动词，后面接形容词等。Thatsoundsgreat.那听起来真不错。Itsoundslikefun.听起来挺有趣。3.beinbedH在床上、卧床”in和bed之间不能用冠词，bed也不用复数。Heisinbedfor10years.他卧床10年了。Davehastobeinbedearlyeverynight.大卫每晚必须很早睡觉。4.anivelatefor与belatefor意思相近，"迟到"Don"tarrive(be)lateforschool.上学别迟到。Iarrived(was)lateforthemeetingyesterday.我昨天开会迟到了。5.Notalking!”禁止交谈!"no后面加上名词或动名词(doing)也表示不要做某事。与don"t+do的用法相似。Nowetumbrellas!/Don"tputwetumbrellashere!禁止放湿雨伞！Nofood!Don"teatfoodhere!禁止吃食物！Nosmoking!Don"tsmokehere!禁止吸烟！5.语法(祈使句)祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召或者劝告等的句子，这类句子的主语常是第二人称you,也就是听话者，因而you常省去了。祈使句的开头是动词原形。如：Lookout!小心！Waithereforme!在这等我！Besuretocomehereontime!务必准时来到这里!祈使句的否定形式多以donot(常缩写成don"t)开头，再加上动词原形。Don"tarrivelateforschool.上学别迟到。Don"tfight!别打架！Don"tlookoutofthewindow.不要向窗外看