高考英语语法易错知识点 26页

WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑考点透析“高中语法知识易错点”　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　本部分共85条，对中学生在英语语法方面容易产生错误或混淆的地方作了有针对性的提示，而不是系统地讲解语法知识，这对学生抓住要点重点是有帮助的。1.名词变复数的特殊形式　　child---children,　　　　foot---feet,　　　　　man---men,　　　　mouse---mice,　　stomach---stomachs,　　　tooth---teeth,　　　　woman---women,　　sheep---sheep,　　deer---deer,　　　　　　　Chinese---Chinese,　　amandoctor---mendoctors,　　awomandoctor---womendoctors,　looker-on---lookers-on,　　grown-up---grown-ups　　误：Therearemanywomanteachersinmyschool.　　正：Therearemanywomenteachersinmyschool.2.常考不可数名词　　advice,baggage,equipment,information,luggage,furniture,fun,weather,knowledge,jewelry,progress　　误：Whatafineweatheritis!　　正：Whatfineweatheritis!3.可数不可数均可，但意思不同　　experience经历（可数）；经验（不可数）　　room房间（可数）；空间（不可数）　　exercise练习（可数）；锻炼、运动（不可数）　　误：VisitingtheGreatWallisunforgettableexperiencetome.　　正：VisitingtheGreatWallisanunforgettableexperiencetome.4.只能修饰可数名词的有：　　few,afew,many,agreat/goodmany,alargenumberof…　　误：Thereisalargenumberofwaterinthehole.　　正：Thereisagreatdealofwaterinthehole.5.只能修饰不可数名词的有：　　little,alittle,much,alargeamountof,agreat/gooddealof…　　误：Thereareagreatdealofpeoplelivingthere.　　正：Thereareagoodmanypeoplelivingthere.6.可数不可数都可修饰的有：　　alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,largequantitiesof,如：　　Thereareplentyoftreesalongtheriver.学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑　　Thereisalargequantityofsnowonthetopofthemountain.7.只有复数形式的名词有：　　trousers,clothes,socks,shorts,goods,thanks,congratulations,belongings…　　误：Apairoftrousersarehangingoverthere.　　正：Apairoftrousersishangingoverthere.8.复数形式，单数意思的有：　　plastics,news,politics,physics,mathematics…　　误：Thenewsareexciting.　　正：Thenewsisexciting.9.复合名词的复数形式。　　girlfriends,boystudents,womenteachers,menworkers,passers-by,go-betweens,grown-ups　　误：There"remanyboysstudentsinmyclass.　　正：There"remanyboystudentsinmyclass.10.名词做主语，谓语动词用复数　　police,cattle,clothes,goods　　误：Cattlesellswellatthatmarket.　　正：Cattlesellwellatthatmarket.11.几个应该特殊注意的名词。　　people(民族，人);village(村庄，村民)；man(男人，人类)，youth(年轻人，青年男子，青春)　　误：TheChinesearepeace-lovingpeople.　　正：TheChineseareapeace-lovingpeople.12.名词所有格1)形式"s,　　ofTom"slivingroom,teachers"office,teachers"room,afriendofmine,JohnandMary"sschool,John"sandMary"sschools2)"s适用范围　　有生命的物体、时间、距离、国家、城市、机构等　　误：Thisisthemountain"spicture.　　正：Thisisapictureofthemountain.学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑　　误：JohnandMary"sschoolsarebeautiful.　　正：John"sandMary"sschoolsarebeautiful.3)不能被"s所替换的所有格形式：　　thecityofBeijing,attheageof20,theexperienceoftheold,thestruggleofthepoor…13.必须加the的有以下几种情况。1)特指某（些）人或某（些）物；　　Ihaveapen.Thepenislost.2)谈话双方所共知的共指的物体；　　Lookattheblackboard.3)序数词，形容词最高级前；　　Sheisthebeststudentinmyclass.4)世界上独一无二的物体　　Theearthmovesaroundthesun.5)表方位的名词前；　　Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.6)形容词前表一类人；　　Thericharenotalwayshappy.7)乐器　　Heisplayingthepianonow.8)山脉、河流、海洋、群岛；　　ChinaisontheeastofthePacificOcean.9)same,only,very前；　　It"stheverybookI"mlookingfor.10)bythe+计量单位；bythedozen,bytheday,bythepound　　Theworkersarepaidbythehour.　　误：Birdsflytosouthinwinter.　　正：Birdsflytothesouthinwinter.Birdsflysouthinwinter.14.不用冠词的情况有以下几种。1)表泛指的名词前；　　如：Doyoulikemusic?学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑2)三餐前；　　如：havebreakfast,lunch,supper,dinner…3)棋类、球类运动前；　　Almostalltheboysinmyclassloveplayingfootball.4)表官衔、职位的名词前；　　Hewasmademonitoroftheclass.5)Childasheis中的child名词前。　　Studentasheis,heneverobeystheteacher.15.it,that,one,theone,theones,those　　Mypenwaslost.Icannotfindit.（同一物体）　　Mypenwaslost.Ihavetobuyanewone.（同类不同一）　　ThepopulationofShanghaiismuchlargerthanthatofTianjin.（不可数名词）　　ThispenisnottheoneIlostyesterday.（特指）　　ThepensarenottheonesIlostyesterday.　　ThepensarenotthoseIlostyesterday.　　误句：TheweatherinBeijingismuchcolderthantheoneinShanghai.　　正句：TheweatherinBeijingismuchcolderthanthatinShanghai.16.each,either,both,neither,every,all　　Treesareplantedoneither/eachsideofthestreet.　　Treesareplantedonbothsidesofthestreet.　　Treesareplantedonevery/eachsideofthesquare.　　Treesareplantedonneithersideofthestreet.　　Treesareplantedonallsidesofthesquare.　　误句：Youcantiethehorsetoeveryofthetwotrees.　　正句：Youcantiethehorsetoeitherofthetwotrees.17.any,either　　Ihavethreebooksandyoucanchooseanyone.　　Ihavetwobooksandyoucanchooseeitherone.　　误句：---Whenwouldyouliketocomeovertomyhouse,SaturdayorSunday?　　　　　---AnydayisOKwithme.　　正句：---Whenwouldyouliketocomeovertomyhouse,SaturdayorSunday?　　　　　---EitherdayisOKwithme.18.another,theother,other,others学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑　　Anotherstudentcamein.　　　（another后接可数名词单数，表示泛指。）　　Ihavetwobrothers.Oneisateacher.Theotherisadoctor.　　　Iatehalfofthepeachandlefttheotherhalftomybrother.　　（one+名词单数…theother+名词单数…是固定搭配，表示两者中一个……，剩余一个……，还可以表示一个整体的一半……，另一半……）　　Somestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground.Others（otherstudents)aredoingtheirhomeworkintheclassroom.　　(some+可数名词复数…other+可数名词复数…也是一个固定搭配，表示一些……，另外一些……）　　19.none,nothing,nobody,neither　　1)---Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?　　　---None.　　2)---Howmuchmoneydoyouhave?　　　---None.　　3)---Isthereanybodyintheclassroom?　　　---Nobody.　　4)---Isthereanythingintheroom?　　　---Nothing.　　5)---Wouldyoupleaselendmesomeink?　　　---Sorry,butIhavenoneleftmyself.　　6)Iwantneitherofthetwobooks.　　　Iwantnoneofthethreebooks.　　误句：---Whatdoyouwant?　　　　　---None.　　正句：　　1)---Whatdoyouwant?　　　---Nothing.　　2)---Ofthethreethings,whichdoyouwant?　　　---None.20.反身代词应注意以下几点。　　1)Imyselfthink…　　2)Helpyourself!请随便吃吧　　3)Makeyourselfathome!别客气　　4)Don"tupsetyourself.别自寻烦恼　　5)makeoneselfheard/understood　　　Icouldn"tmakemyselfheardabovethenoise.声音被淹没了。　　6)betweenourselves,doyouthink私下里说学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑　　7)Initself,hisillnessisnothingtoworryabout.就疾病本身而言，没什么可担心的。　　8)Heisnotquitehimselftoday.他感到不舒服　　9)byoneself=alone,withouthelp单干、无人帮忙　　10)foroneself为……　　　　Youhavetherighttodecideforyourself.　　11)ofoneself自动地　　　　Thelightwentoutofitself.21.代词的其他注意事项：1)this,that　　Myplanislikethis:first…second…third…　　Hewasill.That"swhyhedidn"tcome.2)much,many3)some,any4)it可以指代分不清性别的小孩　　Isitaboyoragirl?5)she,he也可以用于月亮、太阳、轮船或动物拟人化。　　Chinaisourmotherlandandsheisthemostbeautifulcountryintheworldinmyopinion.6)you,heandI,youandI,ladiesandgentlemen22.数词1)大于某数　　morethan20years,overthirty,abovetwentydegrees2)小于　　lessthantendays,fewerthan50people,childrenunder73)至少　　atleast10dollars,nolessthan100people4)大约　　aboutthreedays,around2o"clock,twomilesorso5)至多　　notmorethan5rooms,atmosttendays6)仅有　　nomorethan1year,only2years学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑7)倍数　　Thisruleristwice/threetimeslongerthanthatone.　　Thisruleristwice/threetimesaslongasthatone.　　Thisruleristwice/threetimesthelengthofthatone.　　误：Thisboxisasthreetimesheavierasthatone.　　正：Thisboxisthreetimesasheavyasthatone.23.数字+形容词+名词　　It"safive-foot-deephole.　　Theholeisfivefeetdeep.　　It"saholefivefeetdeep.　　误句：It"sathree-meters-longtable.　　正句：It"sathree-meter-longtable.24.形容词，副词的比较级和最高级　　busy---busier---busiest　　hot---hotter---hottest　　important---moreimportant---mostimportant　　good---better---best　　many/much---more---most　　bad/ill---worse---worst　　old---older/elder---oldest/eldest　　little---less---least　　far---farther/further---farthest/furthest　　badly---worse---worst　　well---better---best25.形容词需要注意以下几点：1)只能做定语的形容词有：live,main,chief;　　Mymainpurposeistohelpyouhere.2)只能做表语的形容词有：alone,alike,awake,asleep,lit,content　　Heisalone,buthedoesn"tfeellonely.3)多个形容词修饰名词的顺序依次是：冠词（所有格；指示词；数词）；品质；大小长短；形状；新旧；颜色；产地；材料；用途；　　例如：　　abeautifullittleroundredChinesewoodenpublicreadingroom4)能修饰形容词比较级的有：much,rather,even,still,far,any,no,alittle,abit,alot,agreatdeal,yet等；　　I"mmuchbetternow.学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑　　I"magreatdealbetternow.5)能修饰形容词最高级的有：byfar,very,much。　　Heisbyfarthebeststudentinmyclass.26.注意几个短语的用法。　　1)thetallestofallThegirlisthebeststudentofall.　　2)thesmallerofthetwoThisislandisthelargerofthetwo.　　3)lessrichthanHeislesspoorthanhisbrother.　　4)asrichasHeisastallashisbrother.　　5)themore…,thebetter…Themoreyoulookatit,thebetteryoulikeit.　　6)notmorebeautifulthan,nomorebeautifulthan　　误：Heisnomorecleverthanhisbrother.Sohecansolvetheproblem.　　正：Heisnomorefoolishthanhisbrother.Sohecansolvetheproblem.27.注意几组副词的区别。　　1)deep,deeplyIwasdeeplytouchedbythemovingstory.　　2)high,highlyIthoughthighlyofhisidea.　　3)wide,widelyEnglishiswidelyspokeninChinanowadays.　　4)direct,directlyGodirecthome.　　5)first,firstly　　6)free,freelyHecantalkfreelyinEnglish.　　7)hard,hardlyIcanhardlymove.　　8)late,latelyWherehaveyoubeenlately?　　9)just,justly　　10)loud,aloud,loudlyReadingaloudisimportantforEnglishlearners.　　11)most,mostlyMyfriendsaremostlyChinese.　　12)near,nearly,almostAlmostnobodywastheretohelphim.　　13)fair,fairly,rather,quite　　14)also,aswell,too,either　　15)very,much,verymuch　　误：I"mdeepmovedbywhathesaid.　　正：I"mdeeplymovedbywhathesaid.28.几个易错的副词　　home,downtown,downstairs,abroad　　误句：Hewenttoabroadthreeyearsago.　　正句：Hewentabroadthreeyearsago.29.介词与动词的搭配。　　agreewith,belongto,breakawayfrom,carefor…学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑　　HeagreedwithwhatIsaid.30.介词与形容词的搭配。　　afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,goodat…　　I"mafraidoffallingbehindothers.31.介词与名词的搭配。　　answerto,keyto,reasonfor,causeof,visitto　　HowaboutyourvisittotheGreatWall?32.注意几组介词的区别。　　1)at,in,on(表地点，表时间)　　2)from,for,since(表时间)　　3)below,under,above,over　　4)between,among　　5)by,with,in(表方式)　　Youcangettherebybus.　　Hecutthemeatwithaknife.　　Hewrotetheletterinink.33.一般现在时注意以下两点。1)表时刻表的情况下，一般现在代替将来时态用；2)主将从现符合的原则是：if条件句，时间状语从句，方式状语从句和让步状语从句。　　如：　　Ifhecomes,I"llletyouknow.　　HewillbehappywhenItellhim.　　NexttimeI"lldoasyousay.　　Evenifitrainstomorrow,thesportsmeetwilltakeplace.3)betodo表有责任、有义务做某事begoingtodo表示有计划性、准备做某事willdo一般情况下使用　　误：Theplanewilltakeoffat10p.m.　　正：Theplanetakesoffat10p.m.34.现在进行时注意以下四点。1)和always,constantly,forever,continually连用表示说话人的感情色彩，责备，埋怨等；　　Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.2)强调情况的暂时性；学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑　　Heiswalkingtoschoolbecausehisbikeisbeingrepaired.3)强调一时的表现；　　Heisbeingsilly.4)表将来。　　I"mgoingshoppingthisafternoon.　　误：Hetypeshisownletterswhenhissecretaryisill.　　正：Heistypinghisownletterswhenhissecretaryisill.　　误：Healwaysmakesthesamemistake.　　正：Heisalwaysmakingthesamemistake.35.一般将来时注意以下三点。1)表倾向，习惯性动作。意为“会，不能，没法”；　　Wewilldiesoonerorlater.Themedicinewon"thelp.2)表推测　　Themaninthemiddlewillbevisitingpresident.3)表容量　　Thehallwillseat500people.　　误：Themachinedoesn"twork.　　正：Themachinewon"twork.36.一般过去时说没有想到是指过去没有想到。　　如：　　Ididn"texpectyouwerehere.　　Ididn"tthinkyouwouldcome.37.现在完成时的适用范围。1)过去动作对现在的影响和结果；　　I"vealreadyfinishedmyhomework,soIcanleavenow.2)过去开始持续到现在；　　GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepastfiveyears.3)曾经经历过的事情；　　HaveyoueverbeentotheSummerPalace?4)在主将从现中，如果没有一般现在，可以选现在完成。　　如：学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑　　IfIfinish/havefinishedmyhomework,I"llgohome.38.过去完成时注意两点。1)它是和一般过去时对应存在的，没有一般过去时，就不存在过去完成时。2)用在nosooner…than,scarcely…when,hardly…when,hadintended,hadhoped,hadplanned等短语中。　　误：Ihopedtogothere,butIdidn"t.　　正：Ihadhopedtogothere,butIdidn"t.39.that从句用完成时。　　It/This/Thatisthefirst/second/lasttimethat…如：　　ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeeninBeijing.　　It/This/Thatistheonly…that…如：　　ThatistheonlybookthatIhavereallyenjoyedinmylife.　　It/This/Thatisthe+最高级…that…　　ItisoneofthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.40.一般不用进行时的词。　　没有延续性的词（accept,decide,want等），know,think,agree,mean,love,like,cost,exist,hate,dislike,fear,系动词。　　误：I"mwantingtoknowthereason.　　正：Iwanttoknowthereason.41.被动语态的构成。　　42.主动表被动的适用范围。1)表衡量的动词。　　Theroommeasures5by6.2)sell,write,wash,read,wear,keep,drink等表状态的情况下　　Thepenwriteswell.　　Theclotheswashwell.3)在动词不定式中主语发出的动作。　　Ihavealotofworktodo.4)动词不定式前面的词为形容词时。　　Thequestioniseasytoanswer.学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑5)在need,want,require,beworth后面doing主动表被动。　　Thebikewantsrepairing.　　注意：Thebikewantstoberepaired.　　误：Theshoesaresoldwell.　　正：Theshoessellwell.　　误：Theflowersneedbeingwatered.　　正：Theflowersneedwatering.　　　　Theflowersneedtobewatered.43.没有被动语态。1)系动词；　　Helookswelltoday.2)不及物动词；　　Thesunrisesintheeast.3)固定词或短语中。如：happen,takeplace,goup,breakout,comeabout,addupto,belongto等。　　Thebookbelongingtomeismissing.　　误：Beingtastedgood,thefoodwassooneatenup.　　正：Tastinggood,thefoodwassooneatenup.　　误：Thegovernmenttriesitsbesttohavepeople"slivingstandardrisen.　　正：Thegovernmenttriesitsbesttohavepeople"slivingstandardraised.44.can,could1)表示体力、眼力方面的能力，能做某种动作的能力　　Icanrideabike.2)在口语中，can可代替may“表示许可”　　CanIuseyourdictionary?3)在疑问句中表示怀疑　　Canitbetrue?4)在否定句中，表示判断或推断　　Youcan"tbehungrysosoon.You"vejusthadlunch.45.may,might1)允许(正式或比较客气的场合)　　Youmayusemycar.学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑2)可能：用在陈述句中　　Itmightberight.3)表示判断：不太肯定　　Hemightbesleepingnow.4)表祝愿　　Mayyousucceed!5)may/mightaswell不妨　　Youmayaswelltellmethetruth.46.must1)必须　　Youmustdoitatonce.2)不许、禁止（否定）　　Youmustn"twasteourtime.　　---MustIleavenow?　　---No,youneedn"t/youdon"thaveto.3)作判断（肯定的判断）　　Thelightison.Hemustbeintheoffice.47.shall1)用于二、三人称表允许、命令、警告。　　YoushallleavethedoororI"llcallthepolice.　　Sheshalldoassheistold.2)征求对方意见或向对方请示（用于一、三人称）。　　ShallIopenthewindow?3)竟然　　ThedogshouldunderstandGerman.　　误：Canhecomeinorwaitoutside?　　正：Shallhecomeinorwaitoutside?48.should1)应该（责任/义务，任何人称）。　　YoushouldstudyEnglishhard.2)预测（对将要发生的进行预测）“可能、该”。学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑　　Theyshouldbetherebytomorrow.49.will1)愿意、意愿、意志、决心（用于各人称）。　　Ifyouwillwait,I"llcomeback.2)will=probably表一种猜想。　　YouwillrememberthestoryItoldyoulasttime.3)征求意见，用于第二人称。　　Willyougivemeapieceofpaper?4)否定表“可否”。　　Won"tyoutakeoffyourcap?5)表某种倾向或习惯性动作。　　Fishwilldieoutofwater.50.would1)意愿　　Wouldyoupleasedomeafavor?2)I"d/should/wouldliketo=wantto3)表过去习惯动作（表过去习惯的动作，现在如何不知道）。　　Whenwewerechildren,wewouldgoswimmingeverysummer.4)一种揣测。　　Thatwouldbehismother.51.need,dare1)作实义动词，要+to（尤其need）　　Shedarestospeakanddarestoact.　　Ineedtogonow.2)在否定、疑问、条件句中，可作情态动词用。　　Iftheydarecome,theywillneverbeabletogetaway.　　Sheneedn"tgo.　　Shedoesn"tneedtogo.52.几个情态动词+havedoneoughttohavedone和shouldhavedone表示应该做某事而未做，表责备，表埋怨couldhavedone本可以做某事而未做学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑needn"thavedone不需要做某事而做了　　Theplantsaredead.Ioughttohavewateredit.　　Theplantsaredead.Ishouldhavewateredit.　　It"squitenear.Icouldhavecomehereonfoot,butItookataxi.　　Youneedn"thavebroughtsuchabigdictionary.Here"soneforyou.53.情态动词表推测。1)一定用must；　　Youlookpale.Youmustbeill.2)可能用may,might,could;　　Hemaybeill.That"swhyhedidn"tcome.3)一定不能或疑问句中用can,could.　　Youcan"thavemethimattheairport.HewenttoJapanaweekago.　　误：Thegroundiswet.Itmustrainlastnight.　　正：Thegroundiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.　　54.情态动词表推测反意疑问句。　　还原成原来的时态，再反问。如：　　Itmusthaverainedlastnight,didn"tit?　　Hemusthavewaitedforyouforalongtime,hasn"the?　　Hemustbewaitingforyououtside,isn"the?55.反意疑问句。　　1)Letus…,willyou?　　2)Let"s…,shallwe?　　3)祈使句的反意疑问句用willyou。1)宾语从句反意疑问句原则上反主句，但是如果主语是I，则反从句。　　如：　　Hesaidyouwereagoodstudent,didn"the?　　Ithinkyouareright,aren"tyou?2)带有否定前后缀的句子还是肯定句；带有否定副词的句子在句中是否定句。　　如：　　Hedislikesyou,doesn"the?　　Heneverlikesyou,doeshe?　　误：Youfeedthebird,don"tyou?　　正：Youfeedthebird,willyou?学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑56.现在分词。1)doing表主动，表进行；　　Theboilingwaterhurtsmebadly.2)beingdone表被动，表进行；　　Thequestionbeingdiscussednowwasraisedbyme.3)havingdone表主动，表完成；　　Havingwashedhisfeet,hewenttobed.4)havingbeendone表被动，表完成。　　Havingbeenwashed,hisfeetarecleannow.　　误：Thebuildingbuiltwillbeourlibrary.It"sverynoisynow.　　正：Thebuildingbeingbuiltwillbeourlibrary.It"sverynoisynow.57.动词不定式。1)todo表目的，表将来；　　Heseemstoknowthis.2)tobedoing表进行　　Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.3)tobedone表目的，表被动；　　Theroomistobecleanedtomorrow.4)tohavedone表过去，表完成；　　I"msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.5)tohavebeendone表完成，表被动；　　Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttothehospital.6)tohavebeendoing表示某一动作从过去延续到现在还要延续到将来　　Sheissaidtohavebeenworkingonthisproblemformanyhours.　　误：Thequestiondiscussedtomorrowisraisedbyme.　　正：Thequestiontobediscussedtomorrowisraisedbyme.58.动词不定式几点注意。1)teach,know,learn后接how+todo　　Idon"tknowhowtodoit.2)有do无to学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑　　Icandonothingbutsleep.　　ThereisnothingIcandobutsleep.3)whynotdo4)否定式nottodo5)不定式复合结构　　ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.　　但当表语表示不定式的逻辑主语的特征属性时要用of　　如：good,kind,nice,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,right,wrong,rude,impolite,careless　　Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.=Youarekindtohelpme.6)作独立成份：Totellyouthetruth,I"malmostfreezing.　　Tocut/makealongstoryshort,…7)为避免重复，口语中常可省去与前边动词重复的动词原形，但是to要留下。　　---Wouldyouliketogotothefilmswithme?　　---I"dliketo.8)两个或两个以上的不定式并列在一起时，第一个不定式带to，后面的不定式往往省去to。　　Iwishtofinishmytaskand(to)getaway.　　但表对照，不能省to　　Itisbettertolaughthantocry.9)Itisforyoutodecide.　　Itistobedecidedbyyou.10)Heissaidtohavebeenrich.　　Itissaidthathehasbeenrich.59.过去分词。　　done表被动，表完成。　　Thequestiondiscussedyesterdaywasraisedbyme.　　误：Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandbeingtiedbehind.　　正：Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandtiedbehind.60.分词在句中做成分。1)表语　　Thenewsisexciting.　　I"mexcited.学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑2)宾补　　Iseehimplayingneartheriver.3)定语　　Themachinerunbytheoldworkeristhemostadvancedhere.4)时间状语　　Seeingfromthetopofthemountain,Ifoundthecitysmall.5)原因状语　　Beingshy,thegirldarenotspeaktoothers.6)方式，伴随状语　　Hecameintotheclassroom,holdingabookinhishand.7)条件状语　　Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.8)结果状语　　Hedroppedtheplate,breakingitintopieces.9)程度状语　　Theweatherisboilinghot.　　误：Ifoundaboxcontainedalotofgold.　　正：Ifoundaboxcontainingalotofgold.61.分词的独立成分。　　comparedto,comparedwith,judgingfrom,judgingby,considering,generallyspeaking,accordingto,etc.　　ComparedwithJapan,Chinahasalargepopulation.　　Generallyspeaking,itisworthdoing.　　误：Judgedfromhisexpression,heisquitehappy.　　正：Judgingfromhisexpression,heisquitehappy.62.动名词在句中的成分。1)主语　　Fightingbrokeoutbetweenthesouthandthenorth.2)宾语　　Hegaveupteachingtwoyearsago.学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑3)表语　　Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.4)定语　　It"sagoodhidingplace.　　误：Takeawalkinsuchabeautifuldayisreallynice.　　正：Takingawalkinsuchabeautifuldayisreallynice.63.动名词的复合结构。原则上用one"sdoing,sb"sdoing　　Hiscominginwithoutbeingaskedmademeangry.但是无生命的物体，直接用名词+doing。　　Thewindowssuddenlyopeningmademesurprised.有生命的物体，如果是泛指，也是直接+doing。　　Haveyouheardofwomenplayingfootball?两个以上的有生命物体，同样是直接+doing。　　Doyoustillremembermymotherandmecomingtoseeyou?　　误：Theboyswerefrightenedbythedoor"ssuddenlyshutting.　　正：Theboyswerefrightenedbythedoorsuddenlyshutting.64.下列动词或词组后直接加doing。　　mind,finish,appreciate,admit,advise,avoid,consider,dislike,enjoy,excuse,imagine,escape,include,keep,practice,miss,risk,stand,deny,suggest,giveup,putoff,can"thelp,insiston,devoteto等。　　误：Idisliketotalkwithsuchaboringperson.　　正：Idisliketalkingwithsuchaboringperson.　　65.注意以下几组词组的区别。1)forgettodo,forgetdoing　　Don"tforgettoclosethedoorbeforeyouleave.2)remembertodo,rememberdoing　　Remembertohandinyourhomeworkafteryougettoschool.3)regrettodo,regretdoing　　Iregrettedtellinghimthenews.学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑4)meantodo,meandoing　　Difficulthomeworkmeansstayinguplate.5)stoptodo,stopdoing　　Hestoppedreadingandtookarest.6)trytodo,trydoing　　Hetriedtohelpme,butfailed.　　误：Iregrettellingyouthatyouarefired.　　正：Iregrettotellyouthatyouarefired.66.todo和doing做主语的区别。　　doing表抽象和泛指的动作。　　todo表具体的一次性行为。　　Swimmingismyhobby.67.引导时间状语从句的连词。　　when,whenever,as,while,before,after,assoonas,till,until,eversince,immediately,once,themoment,thesecond,theinstant,directly.　　误：Iwilltellhimthenewswhenimmediatelyhecomes.　　正：Iwilltellhimthenewsimmediatelyhecomes.68.引导地点状语从句的连词。　　where,wherever。如：　　Wherethereiswater,thereislife.69.引导原因状语从句的连词。　　because,as,since,nowthat,for。如：　　Ididn"tgotoschool,forIwasill.　　SinceIwasill,Ididn"tgotoschool.　　AsIwasill,Ididn"tgotoschool.　　Ididn"tgotoschoolbecauseIwasill.　　Nowthatyouhavefinishedthework,youarefreetodowhatyoulike.70.引导目的状语从句的连词。　　sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase　　误：Heexplainedagainandagainforfearthatshemisunderstandshim.　　正：Heexplainedagainandagainforfearthatsheshouldmisunderstandhim.71.引导结果状语从句的连词。　　sothat,so…that…,such…that…学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑　　误：Igotupearly,sothatIcouldcatchthebus.　　正：Igotupearly,sothatIcaughtthebus.　　误：There"resuchmanypeoplethatIcannotmove.　　正：There"resomanypeoplethatIcannotmove.72.引导条件状语从句的连词。　　if,unless,aslongas,solongas,incase　　Aslongasyouhelpme,Iwillhelpyou.　　误：Iwon"tgothereifI"minvited.　　正：Iwon"tgothereunlessI"minvited.73.引导比较状语从句的连词。　　as…as,notso/as…as,than　　误：I"mastallerasheis.　　正：I"mastallasheis.74.引导让步状语从句的连词。　　though,although,as,evenif,eventhough,whoever,whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however,nomatterwho(what,which,when,where,how),whether.　　误：Young/Childalthoughheis,heknowsalot.　　正：Young/Childthough/asheis,heknowsalot.　　误：Don"tbelievenomatterwhathesays.　　正：Don"tbelievewhateverhesays.　　　　75.主语从句。1)主语从句做主语，谓语动词单数。　　Whoeverfounditshouldreturnittotheowner.2)主语从句中的连词that不可省。3)如果主语从句比较长，可以用it做形式主语。　　Itmakeshersadthatherhairturnsgray.　　误：Hewillcomeiscertain.　　正：Thathewillcomeiscertain.76.引导同位语从句的名词和连词。　　名词有fact,news,hope,truth,idea,suggestion,thought,question,order,problem,belief,学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑doubt,fear等。连词有that,whether,并且that不可省。　　注意以下两个句子。　　Theyaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.(同位语从句)　　Thequestionheaskedmewaspuzzling.(定语从句)　　误：Thenewshewonthegamemadeushappy.　　正：Thenewsthathewonthegamemadeushappy.77.主谓一致需注意以下方面。1)　　Ateacherandwriteriswaitingforyououtside.2)　　Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoeducation.(类似的还有:eachboyandeachgirl,noboyandnogirl,manyaboyandmanyagirl)3)由以下几个连词连接两个主语谓语动词看前面的主语。　　这些连词有:aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan,but,except,besides,with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,including,inadditionto等。　　TomaswellashisclassmatesisgoingtovisittheForbiddenCitytomorrow.4)成双的名词前有apairof来修饰，谓语动词用单数。否则用复数。　　Mytrousersareonthechair.　　Apairoftrousersisonthechair.5)%，分数，half,therest后面的谓语动词符合就近一致原则。　　10%ofthestudentsarehard-working.6)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语做主语时，谓语动词用单数。　　1milliondollarsisalargesumofmoney.7)加、减、乘、除运算做主语，谓语动词用单数。　　Tenplustenistwenty.8)集合名词如：family,team,crowd,class,audience,population,class等做主语，如果指整体，用单数；如果指整体中的每个人，用复数。9)oneandahalf后接复数名词，但是谓语动词用单数。　　Oneandahalforangesisonthetable.10)以下情况符合就近一致原则。如：therebe,either…or…,or,neither…nor…,whether…or…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…　　Thereisapenandtwopencilsinhispencil-box.学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑　　Therearetwopencilsandapeninhispencil-box.　　误：TheclassiswatchingTVnow.　　正：TheclassarewatchingTVnow.　　误：Nothisteacherbuthisparentsiswaitingoutside.　　正：Nothisteacherbuthisparentsarewaitingoutside.　　78.全部倒装。1)介词短语表方位提前，如：infrontof,inthedistance等。　　Infrontofthelakeliesahouse.2)做状语的副词置于句首，如：in,out,down,up,back,over,away,off以及here,there,now,then等。但是主语为人称代词时不倒装。　　Herecomesthebus.　　Herehecomes.　　误：Infrontofthehousedidasmallboysit.　　正：Infrontofthehousesatasmallboy.79.部分倒装。1)否定词放在句首。如：neither,nor,never,hardly,scarcely,notonly,seldom,little,rarely,nowhere,bynomeans,notuntil等。　　Notuntilmidnightdidhecomeback.2)频率状语放在句首。如：often,always,once,manyatime,nowandagain,everyotherday,everytwodays等。　　Oftendidhetalkaboutit.3)方式状语放在句首。如：thus,so.　　Iwaslateforschoolandsowashe.4)only+状语放在句首。　　OnlyinthiswaycanyoulearnEnglishwell.　　误：Onlycanyoudoit.　　正：Onlyyoucandoit.80.在定语从句中，先行词为物的情况下，以下几种情况只能用that不能用which。1)有序数词或最高级修饰；　　It"sthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.2)先行词为不定代词；学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑　　ThatisallthatIwanttoknow.3)先行词由不定代词修饰；　　Hementionedallthebooksthatwerelaidonthetable.4)先行词有theonly,thevery,thelast修饰；　　ItistheverydictionarythatIneed.5)先行词既有人又有物。　　误：Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolswhichhehadvisited.　　正：Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.81.只能用which的情况有：1)介词后面；　　Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatherworks.2)逗号后面。　　Ihaveabook,whichisveryinteresting.　　误：ThisisthehouseinthatIstayed.　　正：ThisisthehouseinwhichIstayed.　　误：Iwaslateforschoolagain,thatmadetheteacherangry.　　正：Iwaslateforschoolagain,whichmadetheteacherangry.82.if条件句虚拟的构成。　　IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotherealone.　　Ifhehadstudiedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.　　IfIshoulddo/weretodo/didit,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.　　误：Ifhetookouradvice,hewouldn"tbeintrouble.　　正：Ifhehadtakenouradvice,hewouldn"thavebeenintrouble.83.主语从句的虚拟。1)Itis+adj.+thatsb.(should)do　　常见的形容词有：necessary,important,strange,natural　　It"simportantthathetakemyadvice.2)Itis+n.+thatsb.(should)do　　常见的名词有：apity,ashame,nowonder,one"swish　　It"sapitythathebesosilly.3)Itis+done+thatsb.(should)do　　常见的过去分词有：suggested,advised,demanded,requested,required,asked,ordered,学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑proposed,decided,desired,insisted等。　　It"srequestedthatshegohomeassoonaspossible.　　误：ItisimportantthathelearnsEnglish.　　正：ItisimportantthathelearnEnglish.84.宾语从句的虚拟。1)表命令，表建议，表要求的动词，后接宾语从句虚拟。虚拟的构成为(should)do。　　Iadvisethathestayathome.2)wish后接从句，虚拟的构成是往过去推一个时态。　　IwishIhadwatchedthefootballmatchlastnight.　　误：IwishIwasyou.　　正：IwishIwereyou.85.注意以下几组词或短语用于虚拟语气中。1)asif,asthough　　误：HespeaksEnglishasifhewasanativespeaker.　　正：HespeaksEnglishasifhewereanativespeaker.2)otherwise,but,eventhough　　误：Hewasill.Otherwisehewouldbethere.　　正：Hewasill.Otherwisehewouldhavebeenthere.3)with,without,butfor　　Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavediedtwoyearsago.　　Butforyourhelp,Iwouldhavediedtwoyearsago.4)wouldrather　　误：I"dratheryoutellmeyourself.　　正：I"dratheryoutoldmeyourself.5)It"stimethat　　It"stimethatyouwenttobed.　　It"stimethatyoushouldgotobed.6)forfearthat,incase　　Takeanumbrellaincasethatitshouldrain.7)Wouldyoumind　　WouldyoumindifIsmokedhere?8)Mayyou…学习资料分享 WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑　　Mayyoubehappyforever!学习资料分享