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中考语法专题复习---主谓一致主谓一致的概念。所谓主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”之间,即（主语的人称和单复数形式）决定着（谓语动词对应的形式）。（一）主谓一致的种类一、【语法一致】1.两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1)如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。Heandshe_____bothstudentsofthisschool.他和她都是这个学校的学生。（2）如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或者指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。Thesingeranddancer____goingtogiveusaperformance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。Theknifeandfork____onthetable.刀叉在桌子上。2.如果主语是<不定式,动词ing形式或主语从句>的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。Whenheiscomingseemsveryimportant.他什么时候要来看起来很重要。Collectingstampsishishobby.收集邮票是他的爱好。Toloveherisnottobreakherwings.爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。3.定语从句的<关系代词who,which,that>在从句中作主语时，要与<先行词>的人称和数保持一致。Thosewhoenjoysingingmayjoinus.Tom,whoisyourfriend,shouldhelpyou.with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,but,including如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数<随主语的变化>而变化（就近原则）。例如：Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthestreet.老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。二、[意义一致原则]指主谓一致取决于主语的其实际意义。（有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。）1.不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。Alloftheapples____rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。Alloftheapple____rotten.整个苹果都烂了。Noneofthemoney_____left.没有剩下一点钱。Noneofthestudents_____there.没有学生在那里。2.therestof;halfof;partof;majorityof;percentof;onethirdof在句子中加名词作主语的时候,<谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致>。Halfofthestudents_____finishedtheircomposition.一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Halfoftheapple____bad.一半的苹果坏了。About60percentofthestudentsinourschool____boys.我们学校,大约百分之六十的学生是男生.3.集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。Hisfamily____goingout.他们全家要外出。1
Hisfamily____allmusiclovers.他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。1.某些名词如people,police,cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。Thepolicearesearchingforathief.Thecattleareeatinggrassonthehill.2.复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing。Someoneisaskingforyou.有人找你。Nothingisfoundintheroom.在屋子里什么也没找到。3.一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主语用“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：Thepairofshoesiswornout.这双鞋破了。Theshoesarewornout.鞋子破了。4.某些名词以s结尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics等，谓语动词应用单数。Physicsisaveryinterestingsubject.物理是一门很有趣的学科。5.以anumberof作主语时,谓语动词用复数;以thenumberof作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Anumberofnewbooksareonthedesk.Thenumberofstudentsinyouclassis50.6.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,spacecraft等。Noteverymeansisuseful.不是每种方法都好使。Notallmeansareuseful.不是所有的方法都好使。7.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。Thirtyyearsisnotalongtime.RootsisafamousAmericannovel.三、[就近原则]either...or;neither...nor;notonly...butalso在句子中连接主语的时候或者在therebe句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。NeitheryounorIamwrong.Thereisacupofteaandsomeapplesonthetable.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishesforaholiday.[注意事项]1.“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如:Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.2
Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.和这种情况类似的还有“anumberof+名词复数”。但是“,thenumberof+名词”的中心词却是number。试比较：Anumberofstudentshavegonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.主谓一致专项练习题1.EitherJaneorSteven_____watchingTVnow.A.wereB.isC.wasD.are2.Twodays_______enoughformetofinishthework,Ineedathirdday.A.isn’tB.isC.aren’tD.are3.—Howmanylessonsdoyouusuallyhaveaday?—Sixlessonsaday.Andeachofthem_____45minutes.A.lastB.lastsC.haveD.are4.NeitherLiPingnorI_______abasketballplayer.A.amB.isC.beD.are5.There______manynewwordsinlessonone,Itisveryeasy.A.isB.aren’tC.isn’tD.are6.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool____1200.A.isB.areC.hasD.have7.Maths_______myfavoritesubject.A.beB.isC.amD.are8.Theboywiththetwodogs_____whentheearthquakerockedthecity.A.weresleepingB.issleepingC.wassleepingD.aresleeping9.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.areB.isC.wereD.was10.Thatplaceisnotinterestingatall,____ofuswantstogothere.A.NeitherB.BothC.AllD.Some11.NobodybutJane_____thesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknowD.is12.—What’sontheplate?Someeggsandcakesonit?—There_____someeggsandcakesonit.A.isB.areC.wasD.were13.Thispairofglasses______mine.A.areB.beC.isD.willbe14.BothLilyandLucy______tothepartyyesterday.A.invitedB.wasinvitedC.hadinvitedD.wereinvited3
1.—Twomonths______quitealongtime.—Yes,I’mafraidthathewillmisslotsofhislessons.A.isB.areC.wasD.were2.Inthecitytheold_______.A.takegoodcareofB.aretakengoodcareofC.istakengoodcareofD.arebeentakengoodcareof3.Hisfamily_____allverykindandfriendly,Hisfamily______ahappyone.A.are,isB.is,isC.are,areD.is,are4.Thesingerandthedancer_____cometoBeijing.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is5.Thechildreninthisclasseach_____newschoolbags.A.haveB.hasC.hasgotD.arehaving6.Allbutone_____herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were7.IfBob"swifedoesn"tagreetogoonholidayinwinter,_____________.A.neitherhewillB.neitherwon"theC.neitherwillheD.hewon"tneither8.Ihaven"tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.______________.A.sohasheB.NeitherhehasC.HehastooD.Hehasn"teither9.“I"mgoingtovisittheLuGouBridgetomorrow.”“________.”A.IamsoB.SoamIC.SogoID.SoIgo10.Youaswellashe________toblame(责备)fortheaccident(交通事故).A.areB.isC.haveD.has11.NeithermywifenorImyself_______abletoteachmydaughtertosingEnglishsongs.A.hasbeenB.isC.areD.am4
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