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高考英语语法精讲精练专题二代词

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语法专题二:代词代词是英语中非常重要的一类词,也是高考必考考点。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对代词考查列了六项:①人称代词②物主代词③反身代词④指示代词⑤不定代词⑥疑问代词。2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第54题(完形填空)考查的是代词whoever、whatever、whichever与whenever的辨析;第63题(语法填空)考查的是its的用法;第78题(短文改错)考查的是不定代词much与many的辨析,第80题(短文改错)考查的是your与our的辨析。2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第44题(完形填空)考查的是代词each,another,this与that的辨析;第68题(语法填空)考查的是its的用法(给出代词it,根据题意须将其变为its);第71题(短文改错)考查的是关系代词that与which的辨析;第79题(短文改错)考查的是our与his的辨析。2017高考全国卷Ⅰ第70题考查的是关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。I.代词种类:1人称代词主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them2物主代词形容词性my,your,his,her,its,our,their名词性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs3反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves4指示代词this,that,these,those,such,some5疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever6关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as7不定代词one/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittleother/another,all/both,neither/eitherII.人称代词、物主代词及反身代词对应关系表:我你他她它我们你们他们主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey7 宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem形容性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselvesIII.不定代词用法注意点:1.one,some与any:1)one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。Oneshouldlearntothinkofothers.Haveyouanybookmarks?No,Idon’thaveanybookmarks.Ihavesomequestionstoask.2)some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。Wouldyoulikesomebananas?Couldyougivemesomemoney?3)some和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个。Ihavereadthisarticleinsomemagazine.Pleasecorrectthemistakes,ifany.4)some和数词连用表示“大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度。Therearesome3,000studentsinthisschool.Doyoufeelanybettertoday?2.each和every:each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。Eachstudenthasapocketdictionary.Each(ofus)hasadictionary.Weeachhaveadictionary.Everystudenthasstrongandweakpoints.Everyoneofushasstrongandweakpoints.3.none和no:no等于notany,作定语。none作主语或宾语,代替不可数名词,谓语用单数,代替可数名词,谓语单复数皆可以。Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?None.Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties.4.other和another:1)other泛指“另外的,别的”常与其他词连用,如:theotherday,everyotherweek,someotherreason,nootherway,theother特指两者中的另外一个,复数为theothers。如:7 Heheldabookinonehandandhisnotesintheother.Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butalltheotherspassedtheexam.2)another指“又一个,另一个”无所指,复数形式是others,泛指“别的人或事”如:Idon’tlikethisshirt,pleaseshowmeanother(one).Thetrousersaretoolong,pleasegivemeanotherpair/someothers.Somelikefootball,whileotherslikebasketball.5.all和both,neither和eitherall表示不可数名词时,其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定,全部否定用neither和none.AllofthebooksarenotwritteninEnglish.NotallofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.Bothofusarenotteachers.Notbothofusareteachers.Eitherofusisateacher.IV.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·代词考点规律分析:短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾语变化、各类代词的误加与漏用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词的用法(尤其是在意思上用错)、代词在某些习语中的用法等。语法填空主要涉及代词的单复数、人称代词主格、宾格以及所有格之间的转换,反身代词及不定代词的用法等。代词单句改错之真题训练:1.Davidpointedtoapathwhichithethoughtwouldprobablyleadtoavillage.2.Whenwewalkedtothecar,Billsmiledandshookhead.3.Weclimbeverywhere,notonlyinAmerica.TheyhavebeentoEuropemanytimes.4.AndIcan’tforgetthegoodfoodyoucookedforI.5.Ihopethatbothyoutwocouldcomeandvisitussometimesoon.6.TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.7.Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegame.8.NowIcan’twatchmuchtelevision,butafewyearsago…9.I’llspendallthewholeweekendreadingandpreparingforit.10.IthinkIlikedthoseclassesbecauseIfeltthatithelpedmeunderstandwhattheworldworks.11.…inanyotherwords,Iamanonlychild.12.Forexample,whenheboughtachocolatecake,heputtheminasecretplaceIcouldn’tfind.13.Thenheateitallbyhimself.Heneverhelpedother.14.IwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.15.OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.16.AtonceIapologizeandcontrolledmeatmybesttillthedinnerstarted.17.Andeveryyearmoreandmorepeoplestartastampcollectionofyourown.18.What’smore,youhavetobefriendlywithyourpupilsandtakegoodcareofhim.代词单句改错之模拟训练:1.Herearesomelettersforyouandhe.2.Shelovesswimming.Itkeepsshefit.3.HerearethecatsAuntiebroughtus.Takegoodcareofit.4.Everyoneheregetsupearlierthanherdoes.5.Hereismydog.It’snameisPetty.7 6.Heopenedmouthasiftosaysomething.7.Don’tloseyourheart.Tryagain.8.TheSmithshavebeenmarried,buthavenochildrenofhisown.9.Itellhimeverything,forheisagoodfriendofme.10.Hesmiledatherandlaidherhandonhers.11.Whenyouareawayfromhome,youshouldlookafteryou.12.Ifyouhaveanyquestion,putuphand.13.It’saveryimportantthing.Youmustthinkovercarefully.14.Idon’tlikethese;pleaseshowmesomeother.15.Inordertocatchthethief,thepolicedidhisbest.16.Thisisthebookwhichyouboughtitformetenyearsago.17.I’mverysorryaboutallthewholething.18.WhenIgotup,Ifoundparentswerepreparingbreakfastforme.19.Yes,moneyisveryimportant,butitisnotanything.20.Attheairport,allhisbaggagewasstolen,butsoonhegotthemback.代词单句改错之提升训练:A级1.Shegavethebookstoyou,himandI.2.Whosedictionaryisthis?----It"smy.3.ThisisTom"scap,notyour.4.Ihaven"tbroughtthedictionarywithme.Willyoulendmeyour?5.Kateandhersisterwentonholidaywithacousinofhers.6.Heistooyoungtolookafterhe.7.Healwayshelpsothers.Thisiswhywetrusthim.8.Thattookhimthreehourstofinishthehomework.9.Whoisthatman?----Heisateacher.10.Theywerebothverytired,butnoneofthemwouldstoptotakearest.B级1.Itismewhoamgoingtohelpher.2.Hethinksmoreofothersthanofoneself.3.Wehadbetteraskthepresidenthimaboutit.4.ThatisexactlyallwhatIwanttotellyou.5.Whatshesaidisthesameasus.6.TheweatherinsummerinBeijingishotterthanitinGuangzhou.7.Herunsfasterthananyoneinhisclass.8.Idon"tthinkthatpossibletomasteraforeignlanguageinashorttime.9.Eachofthemknewabouttheplanbecauseitwaskeptasecret.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostofthosehadn"tbeencleanedforatleastayear.代词单句语法填空之真题训练:1.Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby________(it)mother.2.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisnonews.________aretheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.3.Forthefirsttime,Ifeelgoodabout________(me)becauseI’mdoingsomething,notbecausesomeonetoldmeIwasdoinggood.4.Bothmenandwomenarelivinglongerthesedaysinindustrializedcountries.However,women,onaverage,livelonger.Ingeneral,________canexpecttolivesixorsevenyearsmorethanmen.7 5.Inmanyways,theeducationsystemintheUSisnotverydifferentfrom________intheUK.6.Howwouldyoulike________ifyouwerewatchingyourfavoriteTVprogramandsomeonecameintotheroomandjustshutitoffwithoutaskingyou?7.ThemeetingwillbeheldinSeptember,but________knowsthedateforsure.8.Towarmhimself,thesailorsatinfrontofthefirerubbingonebarefootagainstthe________.9.Nikiisalwaysfullofideas,but________isusefultomyknowledge.10.Thequalityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthan________insomelargerschool.11.Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey,but________containedanyusefulsuggestions.12.Youcanaskanyoneforhelp.________hereiswillingtolendyouahand.13.—WhenshallIcall,inthemorningorafternoon?—________.I"llbeinallday.14.She"dlivedinLondonandManchester,butsheliked________andmovedtoCambridge.15.Susanmade________cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.16.I"dappreciate________ifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.学习札记:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案及解析7 语法专题二:代词代词单句改错之真题训练:1.去掉it,因它与其前的关系代词which语义重复)2.head前加his,汉语可“摇头”,而英语的习惯要说shakeone’shead3.They改为We,前后人称不一致4.I改为me,因介词之后的人称代词要用宾格5.去掉both。因both与后面的two意义重复,况且词序安排也不对6.his改为their,因前面的theSmiths指的是“史密斯夫妇”或“史密斯一家”,是复数意义7.they改为we,根据句意,主从句的主语应该一致8.去掉much,因为从下文看作者现在根本就不看电视9.去掉all,因all与whole语义重复10.it改为they,因它表示thoseclasses11.去掉any,因inotherwords为固定短语,意思是“换句话说”12.them改为it,因它指代上文提到的achocolatecake13.other改为others,others泛指“其他人”14.me改为myself,expressoneself为固定结构,意为“表明意思、意见,表达思想”15.showed后加it,showed在此作及物动词,后面缺少宾语16.me改为myself,根据主语和句意,此处应用反身代词17.your改为their,主语是moreandmorepeople,故用代词their18.him改为them,因为此处要代替的是yourpupils代词单句改错之模拟训练:【参考答案】1.he改为him,因与you并列用作介词for的宾语。2.she改为her,因用作动词keeps的宾语。3.it改为them,因它指代前面的cats。4.her改为she,因其后有动词does。5.It’s改为Its,it’s=itis/ithas,而its意为“它的”。6.mouth前加his,按英语习惯,此物主代词不能少。7.去掉your,比较:loseheart意为灰心,loseone’sheart意为爱上。8.his改为their,因其前相应的名词theSmiths(史密斯夫妇)表复数。9.me改为mine,afriendof后习惯上名词性物主代词,不接人称代词的宾格形式。10.将herhand中的her改为his,句意为“他对她笑了笑,把他的手放在她手上”。11.将最后一个you改为yourself,lookafteroneself意为“自己照顾自己”。12.hand前加your,否则不合英语习惯。13.think后加it,因thinkover为及物动词。14.other改为others,指另外的一些;若指另外的一个,可用another。15.his改为their,指代前面的thepolice(它永远表复数意义)。16.去掉it,因it与which语义重复。17.去掉all,因它与thewhole语义重复。18.parents前加my,否则不符合英语习惯。19.anything改为everything,否则语意不通。20.them改为it,因baggage为不可数名词。代词单句改错之提升训练:A级1.I改为me2.my改为mine3.your改为yours4.your改为yours5.hers改为theirs6.第二个he改为himself7.This改为That8.That改为The9.Who改为What7 10.none改为neitherB级1.me改为I2.oneself改为himself3.him改为himself4.What改为that或将all去掉5.us改为ours6.it改为that7.anyone后面加else8.That改为it9.Each改为None10.those改为which代词单句语法填空之真题训练:1.its [根据空格后的名词及前文中的alivelythree-month-oldtwin可知要用形容词性物主代词。]2.Those/These [根据句意:没消息就是好消息,好消息就是没消息。对于一些晚间播报和早报来说,这是(那是)经典法则。指代前面的两句话。]3.myself [根据句意:第一次,我因为自己做事情而自我感觉良好,而不是因为别人告诉我做得好。]4.they [根据句意:女人平均比男人活得年龄长,总体来说,她们有望比男人多活六七年。此处用they代替前文的women。]5.that [考查代词。句意:在许多方面,美国的教育制度与英国的不是非常的不同。代词that指代前文中出现的theeducationsystem。]6.it [句意:如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节目,这时有人进来没有征求你的意见就把电视关了,你会怎么想。固定表达howwouldyoulikeitif...,在此结构中it代替后面if句的内容。]7.nobody [句意:会议将在九月召开,但是没人知道具体日期。句中的关键词为but,表转折,故nobody没有人,符合句意。]8.other [句意:为了让自己暖和起来,这个水手坐在火堆旁,光着脚,用一只脚搓另一只脚。表示两者中的一个,另一个,用one...theother...。]9.none [句意:Niki总是有很多想法,但是没有一个想法对我的知识有用。三者或三者否定以上用none,可指人也可指物。]10.that [句意:这所规模较小的学校的教育质量比一些规模较大的学校的教育质量好得多。表示比较时,指代前面的qualityofeducation要用that,为了避免重复,可以替代前面提到的名词。11.neither [句意:这个研究组发布了以调查为基础的两个报道,但是都没有有用的建议。考查代词。根据句意,两者都不用neither。]12.Everyone [考查不定代词。句意:你可以向任何一个人求助。在这里的每一个人都会给予你帮助。根据前句中的anyone,可知填everyone。]13.Either [根据“inthemorningorafternoon”“我全天都在家里。”可知答案应填Either。]14.neither [题干的意思是“她在伦敦和曼彻斯特都住过,可是这两座城市她都不喜欢,就搬到剑桥去了。”由此意可知要用neither(两者都不)15.it [句意:苏珊向我清楚地表达了她希望过自己的新生活。此处用it作形式宾语,that从句作真正的宾语。]16.it [句意:如果你能提前告诉我你来不来,我将非常感激。I"dappreciateitifyoucould...为固定句型,it代指if引导的从句。]7