高考英语语法精讲精练专题五形容词和副词 7页

语法专题五：形容词与副词形容词、副词是非常重要的词，是高考必考内容。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对形容词和副词考查都列了两项：①形容词（比较级和最高级）②副词（比较级和最高级）。纵观历年高考试题，试题中出现的考点主要有：形容词和副词的语义辨析，形容词与副词的相互转换，形容词和副词的等级。2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第69题（语法填空）考查了形容词regular变成副词regularly；第76题（短文改错）考查了副词seriously变成形容词serious。此外，完形填空中第44、第48、第50、第53、第57和第60题都是考查形容词或副词在具体语境中的词义。2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第63题（语法填空）考查了形容词official变为副词officially；第75题考查了形容词honest变为名词honesty。此外，完型填空第52题还考查了quiet、still、away与calm的辨析。2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第66题（语法填空）考查了形容词bad变成比较级worse；第69题（语法填空）考查了care变成形容词careful；第78题（短文改错）考查了副词late变成later；第79题（短文改错）考查了副词suddenly改为形容词sudden。此外，完型填空第54、第58和60题都是考查形容词或副词在具体语境中的词义。I.形容词、副词的等级(一)形容词/副词的比较级和最高级构成1．规则形容词级的构成规则如下表：单音节词er和est型构成规则原级比较级最高级一般在词末加-er和-esttallgreathardtallergreaterhardertallestgreatesthardest以e结尾的只加-r和-stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i，再加-er,-estdrydrierdriest闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er,-estbigthinhotbiggerthinnerhotterbiggestthinnesthottest双音节词er和est型少数以-y,-er,-ow,-ble,-ple结尾的双音节单词，方法同单音节词happysimpleclevernarrowhappiersimplercleverernarrowerhappiestsimplestcleverestnarrowestmore和most型其他的在前面加more,most分别构成比较级和最高级carefulusefulquicklymorecarefulmoreusefulmorequicklymostcarefulmostusefulmostquickly7 多音节词more和most型在其前面加more和mostdifficultbeautifulmoredifficultmorebeautifulmostdifficultmostbeautiful2.不规则形容词的级的构成:原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldest3.形容词、副词递减的比较等级的构成★★在形容词、副词前加less和least，表示“较不”和“最不”:interesting有趣的lessinteresting较无趣的leastinteresting最无趣的important重要的lessimportant较不重要的leastimportant最不重要的★★有些形容词可以加er及est或前面加上more/most来形成比较级和最高级polite–politer或morepolite–politest或mostpolite，这类词还有quiet，handsome，pleasant，common，exact等.II.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·形容词与副词考点规律分析：短文改错对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用(尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前误加more)、形容词与副词的混用(如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词)等，另外，用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词、简短副词(如in,down等)的误加与漏用、涉及形容词搭配的as…as结构、how与what的混用等也是常考的考点。语法填空主要涉及形容词与副词之间以及形容词、副词与其他词类之间的互换，形容词与副词的比较等级等。形容词与副词单句改错之真题训练：1.Afteranhourorsowebegantofeelveryfrightening.2.However,weseldomfeltlonelyorhelplessly.3.LastSunday,policecarshurriedtothetallerbuildinginNewYork.4.Asaresult,peopleinthemodernworldgenerallylivemuchmorelongerthanpeopleinthepast.5.Peopleinindustrialcountriescanexpecttolivefortwicesolongaspeoplewholivedafewhundredyearsago.6.Insomeplacesyoumayborrowmanybooksasyouwant.7.Ineverknewaridedownarivercouldbesomuchexciting.8.I’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.9.First,letmetellyousomethingmoreaboutmyself.10.Iusedtoplayping-pongalotinmysparetime,butnowIaminterestinginfootball.11.Also,thesportteachesustheimportantofobedience.12.Unfortunate,therearetoomanypeopleinmyfamily.13.IthinkIlikedthoseclassesbecauseIfeltthattheyhelpedmeunderstandwhattheworldworks.14.Afterlearningthebasicsofthesubject,nothingelseseemedverypracticallytome.15.WheneverIseethemIwilloftenthinkofmyEnglishteacher.7 16.Shecalled119immediate.17.Forinstance,onenightheplayedstrongandloudlymusictillfouro’clockinthemorning.18.Butheisdifferencenow.19.Thetimepassesquick.20.…althoughradioscanbeverynoise.21.…allplannedandwrittenbygrown-upstomakechildrenwantthingsthattheydon’trealneed.22.Butoneofthebestplayersinourteamtoldmejustthenthathewouldn’tplaybasketballanymore.23.Butoneofthebestplayersinourteamtoldmejustnowthathewouldn’tplaybasketballoncemore.24.Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandquietly.25.Findinginformationonthenetiseasily.26.Yes,aconcertcanbeveryexcited.27.Nowadaysmillionsofpeopleofallagetakepleasureinahobbywhichisbothinterestedandfun.形容词与副词单句改错之模拟训练：1.I’lltrytobemorecarefullynexttime.2.ChinaismuchmorebiggerthantheUnitedStates.3.Therearefewboysthangirlsinourclass.4.Hesaysthatskiingismuchexcitingthanskating.5.Themoremoneyyoumake,themostyouspend.6.Shefoundsomeonewasfollowingher,soshefeltfrightening.7.Itwasrealverydangerous.Youmighthaveinjuredyourself.8.Infact,wefinishedtheworkwithoutanydifficult.9.Lookattheasleepboy.Howlovely!10.Thefishtasteswell;whynothaveatry?11.Lastweekwasveryrain.Ididn’tgooutthewholeweek.12.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsdowninthewest.13.Ipromisetoreturnbackbefore10.14.Thebookcontainsmuchuseinformation.It’swellworthreading.15.Thisisquitefarthemostlyexpensivebicycleintheshop.16.Theworkerswarmwelcomedusattheiroffices.17.Oh,it’ssimplywonderfullytoseeyouhere!18.Sheisinmorehealthnowthanshewaslastyear.形容词与副词单句改错之提升训练：A级1.Thedoorwaswidelyopen.2.I"llhelpyouasmoreasIcan.3.Heisastallerafellowashiselderbrother.4.Mikedidn"tspeakclearsowecouldn"tunderstandhim.5.JohnswimsbetterthanI,buthedoesn"tswimasgoodasmybrother.6.Heworkshardly.7.Herunsveryfastly.8.Harryworkedgoodhereyesterday.9.Hewasdeepmovedbywhatshesaid.10.Aplaneisflyinghighlyinthesky.7 B级1.Don"tmakeanychangestillfarthernotice.2.It"scolderinTianjinthaninBeijing,thoughTianjinisfurthertothesouthandnearertothesea.3.I"lltryandbemuchcarefulinfuture.4.Wedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraininghardly.5.Theyhadtodigdeeplytofindwater.6.Iknowthegovernmentthinkshighofhisinvention.7.Heoftencomestoworkearlyandleavesofflately.8.Whathesaidsoundedprettilyinteresting.9.TheEmperoropenedhiseyeswidelybutstillsawnothing.10.Ifirmbelieveyouareright.形容词与副词单句语法填空之真题训练：1.Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentifythoseof________(great)andlessimportance.2.Theygavemoneytotheoldpeople"shomeeither_____________(personal)orthroughtheircompanies.3.Theteenageyearsfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.Theywerealsothebestand________(bad)yearsinmylife.4.Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbe________(freely)fromthem.5.Bytrackingpeople’se-mailsandonlineposts,scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterand________(far)thandisastersandsobstories.6.Itisnot___________(surprise)thatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.7.Youcanliveamore________(power)lifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.8.Atdinner,wesaidtoMom,“HappyMother’sDay！”Shewasgratefuland__________(move).9.Thegirlusedtobeshy,butis_____________(gradual)gettingactiveingroupworkandismorewillingtoexpressherself.10.LittleTomsat________(amaze)watchingthemonkeydancinginfrontofhim.11.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe___________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.12.Hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrow____________(steady).13.Getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive________possiblebeforelunch.14.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich____________(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.15._______________(fortunate),Natalie’sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity’sbridgeclosed.16.Theyare________(true)goodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecoveringthem.17.Chinesescientists________(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.18.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothers_________(regular)declinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren.19.Itwas______________(consider)ofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.20.Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience,________(special)ifyouaretravellingathighspeed.21.Andyiscontentwiththetoy.Itisthe_________(good)hehasevergot.7 22.Listeningisthusanactive,nota____________(passively),behaviorconsistingofhearing,understandingandremembering.23.Eventhoughtheconferencehallisnearhisapartment,hehastohurryalittleifhewantstobe________(punctually)．学习札记：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案及解析形容词与副词单句改错之真题训练：1.frightening改为frightened，因它表示某人感到害怕，而不是令人害怕2.helplessly改为helpless，在系动词felt后作表语，要用形容词3.taller改为tallest，因从含义上看此处应是最高级4.去掉more，因为longer本身已是比较级，不能再受more修饰5.solongas改为aslongas，其意为“与……一样长”6.many之前加as，因as...as结构不完整7.去掉much，因much不能用来修饰形容词的原级，尽管它可用来修饰比较级和最高级8.wonderfully改为wonderful，因它是放在名词前作定语9.去掉more，因从上下文看，这是第一次给对方写信，不存在谈谈“更多情况”的问题10.interesting改为interested，beinterestedin意为“对……感兴趣”11.important改为importance，teach后可接名词或代词作宾语，但不接形容词作宾语12.Unfortunate改为Unfortunately，因此处要求用副词作状语13.what改为how，how在此表示方式14.practically改为practical，此处用形容词作表语15.去掉often，因句中的whenever与often意义重复16.immediate改为immediately，用作状语，要用副词17.loudly改为loud，与strong并列作定语，修饰music18.difference改为different，即用形容词作表语19.quick改为quickly，副词quickly修饰动词pass。20.noise改为noisy，即用形容词作表语21.real改为really，修饰动词要用副词22.then改为now，justnow为习语，意为“刚才”23.once改为any，not…anymore为习语，意为“不再”24.quietly改为quiet，and连接并列成分quite和shy25.easily改为easy，作表语要用形容词26.excited改为exciting，表示某事物是“令人兴奋的”用exciting；表示某人“感到兴奋”才用excited27.interested改为interesting，指某事物是“令人有趣的”，用interesting，表示某人“对…感兴趣”时，用interested形容词与副词单句改错之模拟训练：1.carefully改为careful，用形容词作表语。2.去掉more，more不能修饰比较级。3.few改为fewer，注意句中的than。4.将much改为more，或在much后加more，此句涉及skiing与skating的比较。5.most改为more，themore…themore…意为“越……越……”。6.frightening改为7 frightened，frightening表示“令人害怕的”、“恐怖的”；frightened表示“感到害怕的”。7.real改为really，修饰形容词用really，不用real。8.difficult改为difficulty，用名词形式作介词without的宾语。9.asleep改为sleeping,asleep为表语形容词，不用于名词前作定语。10.well改为good,nice等，taste在此为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。11.rain改为rainy，此处用形容词作表语。12.去掉down，因set相当于godown，本身就包括了down。13.去掉back，或将return改为come/be。因return相当于comeback或beback。14.use改为useful，用形容词作定语修饰名词。15.mostly改为most，most在此用于构成最高级。16.warm改为warmly，修饰动词要用副词，不用形容词。17.wonderfully改为wonderful，用形容词作表语。18.more改为better，为ingoodhealth的比较级形式。形容词与副词单句改错之提升训练：A级1.widely改为wide2.more改为much3.taller改为tall4.clear改为clearly5.good改为well6.hardly改为hard7.fastly改为fast8.good改为well9.deep改为deeply10.highly改为highB级1.farther改为further2.further改为farther3.much改为more4.hardly改为hard或heavily5.deeply改为deep6.high改为highly7.Lately改为late8.prettily改为pretty9.widely改为wide10.firm改为firmly形容词与副词单句语法填空及改错之真题训练：1．greater　[考查形容词的比较级。根据后面的andless可知，此处也要用比较级形式。]2．personally　[句意：他们给那位老人的家里送钱，有的是从个人的名义，有的则是通过他们的公司。修饰动词的应为personally。]3．worst　[worst与前面的best并列，此处应用最高级。]4．free　[此处应用形容词作表语。]5．farther　[根据前面的fasterand和后面的than可以看出此处需要比较级。]6．surprising　[此处考查句式：Itis＋adj.that...句意：年轻人有可能爆发，这不令人吃惊，特别是有原因的时候。surprising令人吃惊的。]7．powerful　[修饰后面的名词的应是形容词，powerful强有力的。]8．moving→moved　[moving多用来修饰事物，moved用来指人感动的。]9．gradually　[句意：女孩一度很害羞，但是逐渐地她在分组工作表现得积极主动，变得更愿意表达自己了。在句中作状语修饰动词短语getactive要用副词形式。gradually逐渐地，逐步地。]10．amazed　[考查形容词作状语。句意：小Tom坐在那儿看着小猴子在他面前跳舞，很吃惊。本句考查形容词作伴随状语，amazed感到吃惊的，常修饰人；amazing令人吃惊的，常修饰物。]11．officially　[修饰谓语动词应当用副词形式。]7 12．steadily　[修饰谓语动词用副词。]13．as　[考查固定表达。早起，要和午饭之前一样高效率。固定表达as...aspossible尽可能……。]14．gradually　[考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词。]15．Fortunately　[修饰整个句子，应当用副词形式。]16．truly　[此处用副词形式修饰后面的形容词good。]17．recently　[修饰动词应用副词形式。]18．regularly　[修饰动词decline的应该是副词。]19．considerate　[句意：为了避免我们担心，米切尔告知我们他耽搁了，他想得很周到。be动词后用形容词，considerate体贴的；考虑周到的。]20．specially　[句意：突然停下来是非常可怕的经历，尤其是如果你高速行驶。此处用especially“特别，尤其”强调程度。用副词修饰句子。]21．best　[考查最高级和比较级。句意：Andy对这个玩具很满意，这是他曾得到的最好的玩具。根据句意应用最高级。]22．passive　[句意：听是一种积极的，而不是消极的行为，它涉及听、理解和记忆。与前面的形容词active对应，也要用形容词形式，一起作名词behavior的定语。passive被动的，消极的。]23．punctual　[句意：尽管会议大厅距他的公寓很近，想准时赶到，他必须快一点。作系动词be的表语要用形容词形式。punctual准时的。]7