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语法专题六:连词连词是一种虚词,不能担任句子成分。连词是高考必考考点。连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。连词在《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中列为必考项。2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第73题(短文改错)考查了连词or变为and;连词并列连词表示平行或对等关系and,or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,both…and...,aswellas表示转折关系but,yet,while,however表示选择关系or,otherwise,not...but,either...or...表示因果关系so,therefore从属连词引导宾语从句that,if,whether引导时间状语从句when,while,as,after,before,until/till,since,as soon as引导原因状语从句because,since,as引导条件状语从句if,unless,once引导目的状语从句so,so that,in order that引导让步状语从句although,though,even if,even though引导地点状语从句where, wherever引导比较状语从句than,as引导方式状语从句as,as if,as though引导结果状语从句so,so that,so...that...,such...that...2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第65题(语法填空)考查了连词when;第72题(短文改错)考查了连词though与but不能连用,须去掉but;第76题(短文改错)考查了连词or变为and。2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第73题(短文改错)考查了连词so变为but或yet。I.连词分类及作用6II.常用连词用法解析一: 并列连词 1.表示平行或对等关系 。and和 ; or或者; both...and...两者都; neither...nor...既不......也不......;not only...but(also)....不但......而且...... ;as well as也 They are singing and dancing in the classroom. My father never smokes or drinks. Not only you but also she has to clean the classroom. Jack as well as his sisters likes to play the piano. 2.表示转折关系。 but但是;however6
然而(其后通常加逗号);yet然而; while然而; while而,常用来表示前后鲜明的对比 She hasn"t got a computer, but her brother has. It will be sunny but cold. Some people love pets, while others hate them. These apples don"t look nice, yet lots of people buy them. 3.表示选择关系。 or或者;否则 not...but...不是......而是......; either...or...或者......或者......连接两个主语时,谓语动词应当与or后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 在并列的否定句中,用or代替and构成完全否定,如果所连接的两部分都有否定词,用and而不用or连接。 Don"t ride so fast or you"ll get hurt. Either he or I am going to the movie. 4.表示因果关系。for因为 so因此,所以 The days are short, for it is November now. I felt very tired so I went to bed early.二:从属连词 1.引导宾语从句的从属连词。主要有that(无词义,可省略),if和whether。whether可与or not连用,在句中不作成分,在ask,wonder,not know, want to know,not be sure等后常用whether或if从句,而不用that从句。 The foreigner asked me if I could speak English. 2.引导时间状语从句的从属连词。主要有when,while,as,after,before,until/till,since,as soon as等。 I arrived at the airport after the plane had taken off. The boy left the classroom before the teacher came in. How long is it since you moved to Beijing?3.引导原因状语从句的从属连词。主要有because,since,as等。 She isn"t going with us because she has a bad headache. Since you are busy, I have to go there alone. 4.引导条件状语从句的从属连词。主要有if,unless,once等。当从句中需用一般将来时的时候,总是用一般现在时去代替。 The sports meeting will continue unless it rains this afternoon. If (it is) necessary, call me at once.You"ll fail the test unless you work harder. 5.引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要有so,so that,in order that等。 Give her a map so she won"t get lost. Read loudly so that we can hear you clearly. 6.引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要有even if,even though,(although)though等。but和(although)though不能同时出现在一个句子中。although 比though更正式。 The story is hard to understand though there are no new words in it. Although everyone tried his best, we lost the match. 7.引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要有where wherever。 Please stay where you are. I"ll be thinking of you wherever you are. 8.引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要有than,as等, 在as(so)...as中,后一个as是连词,引导比较状语从句。 Do you think that art is as interesting as music? She doesn"t study as hard as her brother. My sister dances better than I. 6
9.引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要有as,as if,as though。 The little boy does as his father tells him.She remembers the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. 10.引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要有so,so that,so...that...,such...that...等。 The mountain was so steep that few people reached the top.三: 易混连词 1.when,while,as 三者均可译为“在......时候”。when引导的从句,动词既可以是延续性的,也可以是终止性的。一般来说,当主句的动作正在进行时,when引导的从句的动作才发生;while引导的从句中,动词只能是延续性的,一般来说,当while引导的从句的动作正在进行时,主句的动作才发生;as表示随着短暂动作的发生,另一行为伴随发生。 He was riding to school when he was hit by a car this morning. You"d better turn off the water while you brush your teeth. She sang as she walked. 2.so...that...,such...that... so+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数+that从句; so+many/much/few/little+名词+that从句; such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句; such+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数+that从句。 She is so beautiful a girl that we all like her. She is such a good girl that we all like her. There are so many students on the playground. III.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·连词考点规律分析:短文改错对并列连词的考查主要涉及and,but,or,so等几个表示并列、转折、选择、因果等关系的词语。严格说来,这类错误主要属于行文逻辑的错误。语法填空主要涉及连词的选择。连词单句改错之真题训练:1.Wetriedtofixitandtherewasnothingwecoulddo.2.ItoldMother,Father,Sister,allmyfriendsherewhatagreattimeIhad.3.ItisaveryimportantexambutIcan’taffordtofailit.4.Shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.5.Itlooksasifmyparentstreatmeasavisitorandaguest.6.Thefoodwasexpensiveandtheservicewasgood.7.I’mthecaptainofourschoolteamsowithmyfellowplayerswe’vewonseveralgames.8.Mygrandmawasthebestcookintheworldbutcouldmakethemostdeliciousdishes.9.Soonceyou’vestartedcollectingseriously,you…10.Cleverassheis,butsheworksveryhard.11.Iteachthem,playwiththem,butwatchthemgrowingup.连词单句改错之模拟训练:1.Doyouwantabathatonce,andshallIhaveminefirst?2.Areyougoingtocleanyourcarbeforeandaftersupper?3.Hurryup,andyou’llbelateforschool.4.Sheneversaidshewasrich,andshewas.5.MrSmithworkedveryhardsowithoutanysuccess.6.Everyoneaskedmetogo,butIwent.连词单句改错之提升训练:1.Itdidn’tmatterthatIwouldwinthematchornot.6
2.Thatheislookingforisadictionary.3.Manypeoplecanquicklygethelpfromadoctorsincetheyareill.4.Ifyoucanpassthetestisuptoyou.5.Ifwewillholdthepartyintheopenairdependsontheweather.6.IliveinBeijing,wherehasalonghistory.7.Westilldon’tknowifornottheyhavearrivedatShanghai.8.Itisthetallesttowerwhichcanbeseenfaraway.9.Thepersonaboutwhowejusttalkedismymathsteacher.10.Yesterdaywewerehavingourdinnerwhilethetelephonerang.11.But,therearestillsomepeoplehavenotenoughtofeedon.12.Itissaid,hehasleftforGermany.13.Idoubtthatheisaspy.14.Idon’tdoubtwhetheryouhavetoldthetruth.15.Hehasnomoneyandhehasmuchknowledge.参考答案及解析连词单句改错之真题训练:1.and改为but,因此处语意转折2.all前加and,表示并列关系3.but改为and/so,此处表因果关系,并非转折关系4.but改为and,因此处并无转折之意5.and改为or,avisitor和aguest应是选择关系,意思是“好像我的父母亲把我当作一个来访者或一个客人”6.and改为but,此处意义发生转折7.so改为and,表并列关系8.but改为and,此处表示并列,而不是转折9.So改为But,因为前后是转折关系10.去掉but,因前面已有引导让步状语从句的连词as(=though虽然),千万不要受汉语句式“虽然……但是……”的影响,而重复用连词11.but改为and,因为teach/play与watch是并列关系,而不是转折关系连词单句改错之模拟训练:【参考答案】1.and改为or,or在此表选择。2.and改为or,or在此表选择。3.and改为or,or在此表示“要不然”、“否则”。4.and改为but,but在此表示转折。句中的shewas为shewasrich之省略。5.so改为but,此处语意转折。6.but改为so,so在此表示因果关系。连词单句改错之提升训练:【答案与解析】1.that改为whether。2.That改为What。主语从句缺少宾语,应用what引导。3.since改为when或if。因为后面是一个条件或时间状语从句。4.If改为Whether。主语从句不能用If引导。5.If改为Whether。主语从句要用whether引导。6.where改为which。定语从句缺少主语。7.if改为whether。whetherornot为固定用法。8.which改为that。定语从句的先行词tower被最高级tallest修饰。9.who改为whom。介词后关系代词指人时只能用whom。6
10.while改为when。when作并列连词,表示“这时候”,不能用while代替。11.But改为However。注意后面的逗号。此处只能用连接副词,不能用连词。12.It改为As。这是一个由as引导的定语从句。不要与Itissaidthat…主语从句混淆了。13.that改为whether。如动词doubt为肯定式,后面的宾语从句用whether引导。14.whether改为that。如动词doubt为否定式,后面的宾语从句用that引导。15.and改为but。表转折关系。6
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