高考英语语法精讲精练专题十四特殊句式 5页

语法专题十四：特殊句式Ⅰ.强调句一．强调句的基本形式1、强调句的陈述句形式：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其它部分。注意：被强调部分通常是主语、宾语或状语；强调主语且指人的时候可以用who，其他一律用that。例如：Hemetanoldfriendintheparkyesterday.主语谓语宾语地点状语时间状语对句中各部分进行强调：（1）强调主语：Itwashewho/thatmetanoldfriendintheparkyesterday.（2）强调宾语：Itwasanoldfriendthathemetintheparkyesterday.（3）强调地点状语：Itwasintheparkthathemetanoldfriendyesterday.（4）强调时间状语：Itwasyesterdaythathemetanoldfriendinthepark.2、强调句的一般疑问句形式：Is/wasit＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？①Wasithewho/thatmetanoldfriendintheparkyesterday?②Wasitanoldfriendthathemetintheparkyesterday?③Wasitintheparkthathemetanoldfriendyesterday?④Wasityesterdaythathemetanoldfriendinthepark?3、强调句的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+其它部分？①Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?②Whowasitthatbrokethewindow?③WherewasitthatyouputyourEnglishbook?④Whenwasitthathemadeuphismindtotakethiscourse?⑤Whyisitthathedoesn"tlikethebook?⑥Howwasitthathegothurt?注意：（1）强调主语时，谓语动词和主语在人称和数上要保持一致。①Itishewho/thatoftendoesgooddeeds.②ItisIwho/thatamlookingforyou.（2）构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词只用that或who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that或who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是与过去相关的时态，如一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时等，用Itwas…，与现在或将来相关的时态用Itis…。（3）若强调句的疑问句形式放在宾语从句的位置，则需要用陈述句的形式。例如：①DoyouknowwhoitisthatwillteachusEnglish？②Ireallydon"tknowwhenitwasthathewenttobed.二．not…until…句型的强调句句型为：Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其它部分。5 普通句：Hedidn’tgotobeduntilhiswifecameback.强调句：Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed.注意：此句型只用until，不用till；因为句型中Itis/wasnot…已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。三．谓语动词的强调1、Itis/was…that…结构不能强调谓语，如需要强调谓语，用助动词do/does或did。例如：①Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.②Shedoesloveyou.③Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.2、注意：此种强调只用do/does和did，第三人称单数用does，过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。强调句的验证方法：先看句子里有没有It、be动词和that，如果有，去掉Itis/was…that结构，看原句是否为一个完整的句子，如果是，则为强调句，否则就不是强调句。Ⅱ.倒装句倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种：完全倒装(fullinversion)和部分倒装(partialinversion)一、部分倒装部分倒装可以用于多种时态，常见的情况有：1.句首状语为否定词(短语)或半否定词的句子要用部分倒装。这类词或短语主要有never,neither,nor,not,little,few,nowhere,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,nosooner,innoway,bynomeans,atnotime，innocase,undernocircumstance等。例如：①NeverwillIgivein.②NotaworddidIsaytohim.③Ican"tswim.Neithercanhe.④LittledoeshecareaboutwhatIsaid.⑤Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.⑥Nosoonerhadhegonetobedthanhefellasleep.⑦Hardlyhadhearrivedatthestationwhenthetrainleft.⑧Bynomeanswillshemarryyou.注意：Neither…nor…所引导的并列句，前后分句均用部分倒装。例如：NeitherdoIknowhername，nordoesTom.2."Only+状语（副词、介词短语、从句等）"放在句首,句子要部分倒装。例如：①OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofEnglish.②Onlybythismeansisitpossibletoexplainit.③Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.注意：“only+主语”位于句首时不倒装。例如：①Butonlylovecansay，tryagainorwalkaway.②Onlyyoucanhelpme.3.so或so引导的短语放在句首作状语,要部分倒装。例如：①Isawthefilm,sodidMary.②Soangrywashethathecouldhardlyspeak.③Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.④Soloudlydidhespeakthatpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.⑤SofastdidherunthatIcouldhardlykeepupwithhim.4."Notonly+分句,butalso+分句"句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。例如：①NotonlydoesJohnloveChinese,heisalsogoodatspeakingit.5 ②Notonlydidhecome，butalsohewasveryhappy．③Notonlywaseverythingthathehadtakenawayfromhim,butalsohisGermancitizenship（wastakenaway）．注意：notonly...butalso...连接主语时,不倒装。例如：Notonlythemotherbutalsothechildrenaresick.5.Notuntil放在句首要用部分倒装；若是复句，从句不倒装,主句倒装。例如：①Notuntillastweekdidtheyfindthelostbike.②NotuntilmysonhadenteredtheuniversitydidherealizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish.6.在以often,manyatime,nowandagain等方式或频率副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。例如：①Oftenhavewemadethattest.②ManyatimehasJohngivenmegoodadvice.③Nowandagaindidshecometoseeme.7.虚拟语气的条件从句中，省略了if后，were,had,should等放在条件句主语前，够成倒装。例如：①WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.=IfIwereyou，Iwouldtryitagain.②Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffvisitingBeijing.=Ifitshouldraintomorrow，wewouldhavetoputoffvisitingBeijing.③Hadyouworkedhardatcollege,youwouldhavegotabetterjob.=Ifyouhadworkedhardatcollege,youwouldhavegotabetterjob.8.由as,though,however构成的让步状语从句，从句要倒装，此种倒装结构比较特殊，一般为：形容词（副词或名词等）+as/though+主语+谓语;however+形容词（副词)+主语+谓语。例如：①Childasheis,heknowssomuchabouthistory.②Tiredasheis,hewon"tstoptohavearest. ③Tryastheymight,theyweren"tabletoovertaketheleaders.④Tryaswemight,wewillneversurpasstheirachievements.⑤Howeverlateitis,motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinner.⑥Howeverhardtheytried,theyweren"tabletoovertaketheleaders.⑦Howeverhardwetry,wewillneversurpasstheirachievements.二、完全倒装完全倒装通常用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见结构有：1.Therebe结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist,seem,happen,appear,live,rise,stand等。例如：①Thereisaprettygirlinthenextroom.②Therestoodadogbeforehim.③Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.2.在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里，要用全部倒装。即用“Here,There,Now,Then+come(或be,go,lie,run)+主语"结构。例如：①Herecomesthegirl!②Theregoesthebell.③Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.④Nowcomesyourturn.注意：如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。例如：①Hereyouare.②Thereshecomes.3.表示方向的副词out,in,up,down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。例如：5 ①IncameMr.White.②Upwentthearrowintotheair.③Outrushedthechildren.④Awaywenttheboy.注意：如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。例如：①Awayhewent.②Outtheyrushed.4.当表示地点的介词词组(如onthewall,underthetree,infrontofthehouse,inthemiddleoftheroom等)在句首时,要用全部倒装。例如：①Atthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake.②Herantothebuilding,onthetopofwhichflewaflag.③Eastofthelakelietwotowns.④Underthetreewaslyingawoundedsoldier.5.分词(代词)+be+主语"结构。例如：①Walkingattheheadofthelinewasourteacher.②Buriedinthedeepseaareallkindsofseaanimalbodies.③Suchwasthestoryhetoldme.高考英语短文改错及语法填空分析与训练·特殊句式考点规律分析：短文改错及语法填空对特殊句式的考查主要涉及强调句型尤其是that的使用、倒装句尤其是助动词的选择以及助动词后面接动词原形、省略句等。特殊句式单句语法填空真题训练：1.(2016·全国Ⅰ,阅读B)WhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelptheirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.Onlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussion_______MsGaffinallysayyes.2.(2016·全国Ⅲ，阅读D)________(positive)anarticle,themorelikelyitwastobeshared,asDr.Bergerexplainsinhisnewbook.3.(2016·江苏，34)Notuntilrecentlytheyencouragethedevelopmentoftouristsrelatedactivitiesintheruralareas.4.(2016·天津，13)Youarewaitingatawrongplace.Itisatthehotelthecoachpicksuptourists.5.(2016·北京，阅读B)“It’stheocean________makesRockawaysospecial.”shesays.6.(2016·北京，完形)Ifthathappened,Seppalamightfallintotheicywaterbelow.Hewoulddie,andso________thesickchildrenofNome.7.(2016·四川，阅读D)Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime,the________(great)burdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.8.(2015·天津，3)OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheoffice_______sherealizethatshehadleftthecontractathome.9.(2015·湖南，23)OnlyaftertalkingtotwostudentsdidI_________thathavingstrongmotivationisoneofthebiggestfactorsinreachinggoals.(discover)10.(2015·湖南，21)Itwaswhenwewerereturninghome_____________Irealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeoneintrouble.11.(2015·湖南，24)Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceif________(leave)inthewronghands.学习札记：5 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________语法专题十四：特殊句式特殊句式单句语法填空真题训练：1．did　[考查only＋状语置于句首，句子用部分倒装，所以此处用助动词did。]2．Themorepositive　[考查themore...themore...结构，越……就越……。]3．did　[考查倒装句。句意为：直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。根据句首的Notuntilrecently可知，本句要用部分倒装形式，encourage表示的动作已经发生，故用一般过去时。]4．that　[考查强调句型的判定。句意为：你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。从理解思路上先看本句是不是强调句型：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋剩余部分。强调句的判断方法是将Itis/was与that/who去掉后，句子意思依然清楚，结构依然完整。经判断，“Thecoachpicksuptouristsatthehotel.”句子成分完整，句意明确，故本句是强调句。因强调的内容是地点，故空格处应填that。]5．that　[考查强调句型。]6．would　[考查so的倒装结构，前面用了would,后面也用would。]7．greater　[考查themore...themore...结构。]8．did　9．discover　10.that　11.left5