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语法专题九:定语从句定语从句是比较重要的语法项目。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中将定语从句列为必考项。全国卷新课标Ⅰ对定语从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中,主要考查定语从句引导词的用法。2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题(语法填空)考查了定语从句引导词that/which。2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第65题(语法填空)考查了定语从句的引导词when。2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第70题(语法填空)考查了定语从句的引导词which。基本概念:11定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词、充当定语的句子叫定语从句。因其功能相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句。先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词:引导定语从句的词,也叫引导词。分为关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose,as)和关系副词(where,when,why)。关系词要在定语从句中作某个成分,如主语、宾语、状语等。限制性定语从句:对先行词起修饰限定作用的定语从句。非限制性定语从句:对先行词或主句起补充说明作用的定语从句,通常引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开。11关系词及其意义:11
关系词先行词从句成分例句备注11
关系代词who人主语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..whose人或物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人或物主语、宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语、宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人或物主语、宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhich替换where地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhich替换why原因原因状语Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich替换关系代词和关系副词功能有三个:①用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。②关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语;关系副词可作状语。③关系代词和关系副词在从句中代替在他前面的先行词。11
一、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。①The boys who are playing football are from Class One. ②Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. ③ That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 2.whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。①Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. ②Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. ③The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. ④The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 注意:关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替,也可省略。The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.3.which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语可省略。①Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ②The factory which makes computers is far away from here. ③He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.④The house which is by the lake looks nice. ⑤This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. ⑥The film ( which )they saw last night was not interesting at all.4.that 指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可以省略。①The number of people that / who come to visit this city every year reaches one million. ②Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?③The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. ④The season that / which comes after spring is summer. ⑤Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 5.whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。①I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. ②He has a friend whose father is a doctor. ③I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen. 注意:指物时,常用下列结构来代替:①The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.②The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.③Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?④Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 关系代词that与which的区别(一)只用that不用which的情况:1、先行词是everything,nothing,anything,much,little,none等不定代词或由不定代词any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all等修饰时,引导定语从句用that不用which。例如:①Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.②There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.③There is little that I can do for you.2、先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。例如:①ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.11
②The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3、先行词中既有人又有事物时,引导定语从句用that。如:①Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.②Look at the man and his dog that are walking up the street.4、先行词被theonly,thevery,justthe等修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。例如:This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who。例如:HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.5、当先行词前面有who/which等疑问代词时,只用that。例如:①Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?②Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6、定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时,需用that。例如:Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.(二)只用which不用that的情况1、指物,介词后。例如:IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstgottoParis.2、用于非限制定语从句中。例如:Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.3、先行词是that,those时。例如:ThatisthebookwhichIborrowedfromthelibrary.4、一个句子有两个定语从句,为避免重复,一个用that,另一个用which。例如:Isthereanythingthatisnotexpensivewhichwecanbuyforherasagift?二、theway作先行词的定语从句比较下列句子,理解关系词,并分析原因:①The way (that/in which/×) he answered the question wassurprising.②I don’t like the way (that /in which) you laugh at her. 归纳:(1)当关系词在定语从句中作状语时,关系词用inwhich,that或者省略;(2)当关系词在定语从句中作主语时,关系词用that或which;(3)当关系词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系词用that,which或省略。三、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。①The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.=The school in which he once studied is very famous. ② I’ll bring here the magazine (which/that) you asked for.= I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.③This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with yesterday.=This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday. ④We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom /who /that) we have often talked about.=We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.1、单个介词(in/with/on/by)+关系代词(whom,which)①ThetwothingofwhichtheyfeltveryproudwereJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.②Aharvesterisamanwhoisharvestingoramachinewithwhichweharvestcrops.11
注意:介词确定的依据A、依从句中的动词,形容词,名词与介词的固定搭配而定;B、依先行词与从句中动词的关系及所表达的含义而定。2、介词短语+关系代词(which,whom,whose)常用的介词短语有:someof,bothof,asaresultof,atthebackof,becauseof,infrontof,inthemiddleof,atthebottomof,onthetopof,atthefootof等。①Thereisagreatpaininmyrightfoot,becauseofwhichIcanonlylimpalong.②Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatanoldman.注意:含有介词的动词短语一般不能拆开,如lookafter,lookfor,take care of,takepartin,lookforwardto等。例如:①This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) ②This is the watch for which I am looking .(误)③The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after arevery healthy.(正) ④The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.(误)3、单个介词+关系代词(which,whose)+名词介词要依介词与关系代词后的名词的搭配习惯而定。例如:①HelivedinLondonforthreemonths,duringwhichtimehelearnedsomeEnglish.②OurEnglishteacher,withwhosehelpwehavemadegreatprogressinEnglish,hascompletedthirtyyearsofteaching.4、the+名词+of+关系代词(which,whom)结构中的名词和后面的关系代词有所属关系。例如:ThisisthebookthecoverofwhichisdesignedbyMrJones.=Thisisthebook,whosecoverisdesignedbyMrJones.5、部分词汇/结构+of+关系代词(1)all,both,none,neither,either,many,most,few,several,enough,half,some,any,one,two,three,themajority,anumber,theyoungest等。(2)数词(基数词,序数词,百分数,分数)+名词(3)the+形容词最高级/比较级①Herearetwopairsofsocks,eitherofwhichyoumaychoose.②Thefootballteamhas15members,theoldestofwhomis25yearsold.③He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. ④There are many apples, some of which have gone bad. ⑤There are forty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities. ⑥Hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.四、关系代词as与which的用法as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时, 其用法有相同之处,也有不同之处。具体情况是:1. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语,代表前面整个句子。如:①He married her, as / which was natural. ②He is honest, as / which we can see. 2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后,甚至还可以分割主句。 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外,as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如:①As is known to all, China is a developing country. ②He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. ③John, as you know, is a famous writer. ④Theairqualityinthecity,asisshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.(2012·福建高考)11
⑤He has been to Paris ten times, which I don’t believe. 注意:当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时,关系词往往只用which。如①Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.②This table is made of metal, which made it very heavy. 3. 当先行词受such, the same 修饰时,关系词常用as。 如:①I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. ②He is not such a fool as he looks. ③This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 注意:当先行词受the same 修饰时,也可能用 that引导定语从句,但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如:She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。五、关系副词引导的定语从句1. when 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。①I still remember the day when I first came to this school. ②The time when we got together finally arrived. ③October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 2. where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。①Shanghai is the city where I was born. ②The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.③I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised .④Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 3.why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。①Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. ②The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. ③I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意:引导定语从句的关系副词可以用“介词+which”来替换。例如:①Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)Ifirstcametothisschool.②Great changes havetakenplacewhere(inwhich)welive.③The reasonwhy(=forwhich)herefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.六、一些特殊词之后的where如果定语从句用来修饰point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词,并且作状语,要用where引导定语从句,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况中”,这种现象叫做地点模糊化。常见的表地点的模糊化名词还有:occasion,circumstance,state,degree,extent,stage,level,period,aspect等。例如:①IhavecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.②Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.③Wearetryingtoreachapointwherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.④IcanthinkofmanycaseswherestudentsobviouslyknowalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.⑤It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationwheretheycanseethemselvesdifferently.注意:如果不作状语,则用关系代词that/which。例如:Rememberthatthereisstillonepointwhichwemustmakeclearattheconferencetomorrow.高考英语短文改错及语法填空分析与训练·定语从句11
考点规律分析:定语从句短文改错考点主要涉及定语从句引导词的误用、缺失以及多余;语法填空主要考查根据先行词及上下文填合适的引导词。定语从句单句改错之真题训练:1.…inotherplacesyouarelimitedtoacertainnumber,ofthatsomemaybenovels.(全国卷)2.Ialsoenjoyedtheeveningswhenwespenttogether.(全国卷)3.IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.(全国卷)4.Ihaveagoodfriendwho’snameisLiuMei.(福建卷)5.(2016·四川)ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom’sfavorite.定语从句单句改错之模拟训练:1.Heisthemanhiscarwasstolen.2.That’sthehotelwhichwewerestayinglastsummer.3.That’sthepalacewherewevisitedlastsummer.4.It’sreallyabeautifulplace,whereeveryonehopestovisit.定语从句单句改错之提升训练:1.Thisisthefactorywherewevisitedlastweek.2.ThisisthewatchforwhichTomislooking.3.ThepersontowhoyouspokeisastudentofGradeTwo.4.Thehouseinthatweliveisverysmall.5.Thesungivesofflightandwarmth,thatmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.6.I’vereadallthebookswhichIborrowedfromthelibrary.7.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveeverseen.8.MyfatherandMr.Smithtalkedaboutthingsandpersonswhotheyrememberedinthecountry.9.Everythingwhichwesawwasofgreatinterest.10.Hisdog,thatwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.11.Thereasonwhichhedidn’tgotoschoolisthathewasill.12.Thosewhowantstogowithmeputupyourhands.13.Theboy,hismotherdiedlastyear,studiesveryhard.14.Ihavetwosisters,bothofthemaredoctors.15.We’regoingtovisittheschoolwhereyourbrotherworksthere.16.HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohavebeeninvitedtotheEnglishEvening.17.Thatisthewaywhichtheywork.18.Thosehavequestionscanasktheteachersforadvice.19.Whoisthemanwhohaswhitehairs?20.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhichwehadagoodtimetogetheratthesea.定语从句单句语法填空之真题训练:1.(2016·全国Ⅰ,65)MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.2.(2016·全国Ⅱ,阅读A)Simonisacomedianandactor_______has10years’experienceofteachingcomedy.3.(2016·全国Ⅱ,阅读D)FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostof________haveneverbeforebeenpublished.4.(2016·全国Ⅲ,47)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,________livedfromroughly551to479B.C,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.5.(2016·全国Ⅲ,完形)WhenIwas13myonlypurposewastobecomethestaronourfootballteam.ThatmeantbeatingoutMillerKing,________wasthebestplayeratourschool.11
6.(2016·北京,22)Ilivenextdoortoacouple________childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.7.(2016·四川,阅读C)Iprefertoworkinblackandwhite,________allowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly.8.(2016·四川,阅读D)Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk”containsmoremelatonin(褪黑激素),________hasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety.9.(2016·江苏,23)Manyyoungpeople,mostof________werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.10.(2016·浙江,11)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof________hasbeenproved.11.(2015·江苏,21)Thenumberofsmokers,________isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.12.(2015·湖南,29)Itisatrulydelightfulplace,________looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.13.(2015·浙江,19)Creatinganatmospherein________employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.14.(2015·重庆,14)Hewrotemanychildren"sbooks,nearlyhalfof________werepublishedinthe1990s.15.(2015·四川,3)Thebooksonthedesk,________coversareshiny,areprizesforus.16.(2015·安徽,28)Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon________schooleducationdepends.17.(2015·福建,34)ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,________showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.18.(2014·安徽,22)Theexactyear________AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.19.(2014·北京,26)IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,________myclassmatesrecommendedtome.20.(2014·山东,10)Acompany________profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.21.(2014·重庆,9)We"llreachthesalestargetsinamonth________wesetatthebeginningoftheyear.22.(2014·四川,4)Untilnow,wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren,________isquiteunexpected.23.(2014·陕西,13)Pleasesendusalltheinformation________youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.24.(2015·北京,24)OppositeisSt.Paul"sChurch,________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.25.(2015·陕西,15)Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime________heshouldbeabletobeindependent.26.(2015·天津,15)Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere________hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.27.(2014·福建,31)Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities________theycangainexperienceforgrowth.28.(2014·浙江,5)Ididn"tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,________Iwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.学习札记:11
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案及解析 定语从句单句改错之真题训练:1.that改为which,因介词后要用which来引导定语从句2.去掉when或将when改为that,因这里的定语从句中谓语动词(spent)缺宾语,故只能用关系代词that或将其省略3.where改为which,因此处要填关系代词作主语4.who’s改为whose,因who’s=whois,不仅结构错误,而且意思也不通;whose引导定语从句,表示“……的”定语从句单句改错之模拟训练:1.his改为whose,whose在此引导定语从句。2.which改为where,where引导定语从句且在从句中用作状语;此题还可在staying后加in。3.where改为which/that,也可去掉where,因visit为及物动词,此处应用关系代词作其宾语(也可省略)。4.where改为which,which在此引导非限定性定语从句,且在从句中用作宾语(用作visit的宾语)。5.what→which/that或去掉what 考查定语从句,并在从句中作宾语,指物,用关系代词that/which,也可省略。定语从句单句改错之提升训练:1.where→that/which或去掉where。2.把for放在looking之后。英语中,有些短语动词,介词或副词不可与动词相分离。又如:lookafter,runinto等。3.who→whom。尽管在口语中who,whom都能作宾语,但在介词后只能用whom。4.that→which。5.that→which。that不可以引导非限制性定语从句。6.which→that或去掉which。当先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little等修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。7.which→that或去掉which。当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或theonly,thevery等所修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。 8.who→that。如果先行词既指人又指物时,常用that引导定语从句。9.which→that或去掉which。当先行词为something, anything,everything,nothing,all等时,常由that引导定语从句。10.that→which。11.which→why/which前加for或去掉which。12.wants→want。定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词一致。13.his→whose。14.them→whom或both前加and。15.去掉there。16.have→has。当oneof+名词复数作先行词时,从句的谓语用复数;但是当one前有the(only)时,从句谓语要用单数。17.which→that/which前加in或去掉which。18.Those后加who。19.第二个who→that。当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时,定语从句常用that引导,以避免重复。20.which→when或which前加in。定语从句单句语法填空之真题训练:1.when [由句子结构可以判断这是一个定语从句,先行词是表示时间的inthemid-1980s,从句中缺少状语,因此填写关系副词when。]2.who/that [考查定语从句的关系代词,先行词是acomedianandactor,在从句中做主语,所以用who或者that。]3.which [考查定语从句。介词后跟关系代词,先行词为images,所以用which。]4.who [考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句,先行词指人,故用who。]5.who [考查定语从句。先行词为MillerKing,故用who。]6.whose [考查定语从句。句意:我住在一对夫妇的隔壁,他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为couple,由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系,故用关系代词whose。]7.which [考查非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词是前面的整个句子。]8.which [考查非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词是melatonin。]11
9.whom [考查定语从句的用法。句意:很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐他们的梦想,他们中的很多人都受过良好教育。根据句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,先行词为Manyyoungpeople,作介词of的宾语,故要用whom。]10.which [考查定语从句。句意:科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣会流泪的理论,其中没有一个已被证明的。分析句子成分可知,空处引导定语从句,此处是非限制性定语从句,which代替manytheories,故应用which引导该定语从句。]11.as [句意:据报道,吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导的定语从句,在这里作主语,意为“正如……,这一点”,代替整个主句的内容。]12.which [句意:这真是一个令人开心的地方,它看起来和一百年前一模一样,有着蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的小屋。which代替先行词place,在定语从句中用作主语,引导非限制性定语从句。不可用that。]13.which [句意:创造一种使员工感到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一大挑战。先行词为anatmosphere,在从句中作地点状语,此处inwhich相当于where。作介词宾语不可用that。]14.which [句意:他写了很多的儿童书,其中接近一半是在20世纪90年代出版的。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语。此处关系代词which代指前面的books,作介词of的宾语。]15.whose [考查定语从句。句意:桌上的书是给我们的奖励,那些书的封面闪闪发光。本题考查非限制性定语从句的连接词,先行词为thebooks,和covers之间是所有关系,故用whose。]16.which [句意:一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。考查定语从句。dependon/upon依靠,依赖,介词后只能用which或whom来构成定语从句的引导词,先行词为物,故用which。]17.which [句意:《中国日报》吸引了全世界的读者,这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句,在从句中作主语,用which来引导。]18.which/that/不填 [考查定语从句。句意:Angela和她的家人一起呆在中国的那一年是2008年。先行词theexactyear在定语从句中作spent的宾语且指物,故用which也可用that或省略。]19.which [考查非限制性定语从句。句意:上个星期,我从图书馆借了同学给我推荐的《大侦探福尔摩斯》。先行词thebook在定语从句中作recommend的宾语,所以要用关系代词,先行词是物,故用which。]20.whose [考查定语从句。句意:利润来源于国内市场且在下降的公司可以到国外寻找机会。此处关系代词whose作定语。]21.which [考查定语从句。句意:一个月之后我们就能完成年初制定的销售目标。先行词targets在从句中作set的宾语,故要用关系代词which。]22.which [考查定语从句关系词的用法。显然这是一个非限制性定语从句。句意:到目前为止我们已经为贫困儿童筹集了5万英镑,这是我们始料未及的。which指代整个主句。]23.that [考查定语从句。句意:请把所有有关这个职位候选人的信息发给我们。先行词information在定语从句中充当have的宾语,前面又有all来修饰,故只能用that,不用which。]24.where [句意:对面是圣保罗教堂,在那里你可以听到一些优美的音乐。先行词是St.Paul"sChurch,从句主谓宾成分完整,去掉空后依然是完整的句子,可推断出关系词在从句中作的是地点状语,故用where。]25.when [句意:作为家里最小的孩子,Alex总是盼望着他有独立的时间。考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是time,后面的从句是完整的句子,先行词在从句中充当状语,所以填when。]26.where [句意:该公司的老板试图创造轻松的氛围,这样他的员工就可以享受工作的乐趣。考查定语从句。先行词为aneasyatmosphere,在从句中作地点状语,故要用where。]27.where [考查定语从句。句意:学生应该潜心于社区活动之中,在这些活动中,他们可以获取成长的经验。在定语从句中缺少地点状语,故用where。]28.when [考查定语从句。句意:直到五年级,我才真正会爬树,当时,我爬上一棵树,拿下了挂在树枝上的风筝。后面的定语从句是完整的句子;先行词为thefifthgrade,表时间概念,所以填when。]11