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- 2022-06-17 15:56:29 发布
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doesn’t.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Howdoesyourfathergotowork?动词s的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks2.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3.以“辅音字母y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:study-studies一般现在时用法专练:一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink________go_______stay________make________look_________have_______pass_______carry____come________watch______plant_______fly________study_______brush________do_________teach_______wash_______二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.11.Mike_______(like)cooking.12.They_______(have)thesamehobby.13.Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell.15.I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.16.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.18.Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening.19.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.20.-Whatday_______(be)ittoday?-It’sSaturday.三、按照要求改写句子。1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)________________________________________________________3.Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)___________________________4.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)___________________________________________________5.Wegotoschoolevery
morning.(改为否定句)_______________________________________________________6.HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________7.Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(对划线部分提问)________________________________________________________8.JohncomesfromCanada.(对划线部分提问)___________________________________________________9.Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)________________________________________________________10.SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________三、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?__________________2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?__________________3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.__________________4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.__________________5.Shedon’tdoherhomeworkonSundays._________________三、现在进行时1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be动词ing.3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5.现在进行时的非凡疑问的基本结构为:疑问词不达意be主语动词ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为:疑问词不达意be动词ing?动词加ing的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making,taste-tasting3.假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running,stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习:一、写出下列动词的现在分词:play________run__________swim_________make__________go_________like________write_________ski___________read________have_________sing________dance_________put_________see________buy_________love____________live_______take_________come________get_________stop_________sit________begin________shop___________二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls_______________(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother_________________(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_____you______(do)
now?5.Look.They_______________(have)anEnglishlesson.6.They____________(not,water)theflowersnow.7.Look!thegirls________________(dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She_________(listen)tomusic.9.It’s5o’clocknow.We_____________(have)suppernow10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.三、句型转换:1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.I’mplayingthefootballintheplayground.(对划线部分进行提问)_________________________________________________________________4.Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.(对划线部分进行提问)_________________________________________________________________四、将来时理论及练习一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year„),soon,thedayaftertomorrow(后天)等。二、基本结构:①begoingtodo;②willdo.三、否定句:在be动词(am,is,are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。例如:I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑问句:be或will提到句首,some改为any,and改为or,第一二人称互换。例如:Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?五、对划线部分提问:一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1.问人。Who例如:I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon.2.问干什么。What„do.例如:Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.3.问什么时候。When.例如:She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoingtobed?六、同义句:begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow(明天).=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.练习:填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I________haveapicnicwithmy
friends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。What___________________________________________nextMonday?I__________________playbasketball.What_________youdonextMonday?I________playbasketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。_____yourmother_______________goshoppingthis___________?Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。Whattime_______you___________________meet?改句子。5.Nancyisgoingtogocamping.(改否定)Nancy________goingtogocamping.6.I’llgoandjointhem.(改否定)I_______go______jointhem.7.I’mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)_______________________togetupat6:30tomorrow?8.Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.(改一般疑问句)_______________meetatthebusstopat10:30.9.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.(对划线部分提问)_______________she_________________________afterschool?10.Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.(同上)__________________goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.用所给词的适当形式填空。11.Todayisasunnyday.We___________________(have)apicnicthisafternoon.12.Mybrother_______________(go)toShanghainextweek.13.Tomoften______________(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He______________(go)toschoolbybike.14.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually________(watch)TVand________(catch)insects?15.It’sFridaytoday.What_____she_________(do)thisweekend?She______________(watch)TVand_____________(catch)insects.16.What___________(d0)youdolastSunday?I____________(pick)applesonafarm.What______________(do)nextSunday?I______________(milk)cows.17.Mary____________(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.18.LiuTao____________(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.19.David______________(give)apuppetshownextMonday.20.I________________(plan)formystudynow.五、一般过去时1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(wasnot=wasn’t)⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(werenot=weren’
t)⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句:didn’t+动词原形,如:Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如:WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Whowenttohomeyesterday?动词过去式变化规则:1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled,cook-cooked2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied5.不规则动词过去式:am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat过去时练习:写出下列动词的过去式isam_________fly_______plant________are________drink_________play_______go________make________does_________dance________worry________ask_____taste_________eat__________draw________put______throw________kick_________pass_______do________Be动词的过去时练习一、用be动词的适当形式填空。1.I______anEnglishteachernow.2.She_______happyyesterday.3.They_______gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.4.HelenandNancy________goodfriends.5.Thelittledog_____twoyearsoldthisyear.6.Look,there________lotsofgrapeshere.7.There________asignonthechaironMonday.8.Today_____thesecondofJune.Yesterday______thefirstofJune.It_____Children’sDay.Allthestudents______veryexcited.一、用be动词的适当形式填空1.I______(watch)acartoononSaturday.2.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight.3.We_________tozooyesterday,we_____tothepark.(go)4.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?5.______he_______(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he______.6.GaoShan_______(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.7.I____________(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymother______.8.What______she_______(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She__________
(find)abeautifulbutterfly.1.I_____atschooljustnow.2.He____atthecamplastweek.3.We________studentstwoyearsago.4.They________onthefarmamomentago.5.YangLing________elevenyearsoldlastyear.6.There________anappleontheplateyesterday.7.There________somemilkinthefridgeonSunday.8.Themobilephone_______onthesofayesterdayevening.二、句型转换。1.Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.否定句:________________________________________________一般疑问句:____________________________________________肯、否定回答:__________________________________________三、中译英。1.我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。___________________________________________________________2.他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。___________________________________________________________3.一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。___________________________________________________________行为动词的过去时练习一、用be动词的适当形式填空。1.I______(watch)acartoononSaturday.2.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight.3.We_________tozooyesterday,we_____tothepark.(go)4.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?5.______he_______(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he______.6.GaoShan_______(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.7.I____________(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymother______.8.What______she_______(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She__________(find)abeautifulbutterfly.二、句型转换。1.Theyplayedfootballintheplayground.否定句:________________________________________________一般疑问句:____________________________________________肯、否定回答:__________________________________________三、中译英。1.格林先生去年住在中国。________________________________________________________2.昨天我们参观了农场。________________________________________________________3.他刚才在找他的手机。
________________________________________________________过去时综合练习(1)一、用动词的适当形式填空。1.It______(be)Ben’sbirthdaylastFriday.2.Weall______(have)agoodtimelastnight.3.He________(jump)highonlastSportsDay.4.Helen________(milk)acowonFriday.5.Shelikes______newspapers,butshe______abookyesterday.(read)6.He_______footballnow,butthey_______basketballjustnow.(play)7.Jim’smother_________(plant)treesjustnow.8._______they________(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they_____.9.I_______(watch)acartoononMonday.10.We___________(go)toschoolonSunday.二、中译英。1.我们上周五看了一部电影。_________________________________________________________2.他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗?是的。_________________________________________________________3.你们上个儿童节做了什么?我们参观了动物园。_________________________________________________________4.你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。_________________________________________________________过去时综合练习一、用动词的适当形式填空。1.It_____(be)the2ndofNovemberyesterday.MrWhite________(go)tohisofficebycar.2.GaoShan________(put)thebookonhisheadamomentago.3.Don’t______thehouse.Mum_______ityesterday.(clean)4.What____you______justnow?I_______somehousework.(do)5.They_________(make)akiteaweekago.6.Iwantto______apples.Butmydad_______allofthemlastmonth.(pick)7._______he______theflowersthismorning?Yes,he_____.(water)8.She____(be)aprettygirl.Look,she_____(do)Chinesedances.9.Thestudentsoften_________(draw)somepicturesintheartroom.10.What______Mikedoonthefarm?He________cows.(milk)二、中译英。1.他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。_________________________________________________________2.去年端午节我们没去看了龙舟比赛。_________________________________________________________3.他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗?不,没有。
_________________________________________________________六、人称代词和物主代词人称代词和物主代词1.人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于than之后),宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2.物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词性则单独使用,后面不带名词。主格宾格形容词性名词性Imemymineyouyouyouryourshehimhishissheherherhersitititsitsweusourourstheythemtheirtheirs习题一.填写代词表主格。二.用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Thatisnot_________kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_________isverybig.(I)2.Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.(she)3.Isthis_________watch?(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)4._________ismybrother.________nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare_________.(he)5._________dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare_________?(you)6.Herearemanydolls,whichoneis_________?(she)7.Icanfindmytoy,butwhere’s_________?(you)8.Show_________yourkite,OK?(they)9.Ihaveabeautifulcat._________nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_________.(it)10.Arethese________tickets?No,________arenot_________.________aren’there.(they)11.Shall_________havealookatthatclassroom?Thatis_________classroom.(we)12._________ismyaunt.Doyouknow_________job?_________anurse.(she)13.Thatisnot_________camera._________isathome.(he)14.Whereare_________?Ican’tfind_________.Let’scall_________parents.(they)15.Don’ttouch_________._________notacat,_________atiger!16._________sisterisill.Pleasegoandget_________.(she)17._________don’tknowhername.Wouldyoupleasetell_________.(we)18.Somanydogs.Let’scount_________.(they)19.Ihavealovelybrother._________isonly3.Ilike_________verymuch.(he)20.MayIsitbeside_________?(you)21.Lookatthatdesk.Thosebookareon_________.(it
)22.Thegirlbehind_________isourfriend.(she)二、用am,is,are填空1.I______aboy.______youaboy?No,I_____not.2.Thegirl______Jack’ssister.3.Thedog_______tallandfat.4.Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.5.______yourbrotherintheclassroom?6.Where_____yourmother?She______athome.7.How_______yourfather?8.MikeandLiuTao______atschool.9.Whosedress______this?10.Whosesocks______they?11.That______myredskirt.12.Who______I?13.Thejeans______onthedesk.14.Here______ascarfforyou.15.Here______somesweatersforyou.16.Theblackgloves______forSuYang.17.Thispairofgloves___forYangLing.18.Thetwocupsofmilk___forme.19.Sometea______intheglass.20.Gaoshan’sshirt_______overthere.21.Mysister’sname______Nancy.22.This______notWangFang’spencil.23.______DavidandHelenfromEngland?24.There____agirlintheroom.25.There___someapplesonthetree.26.___thereanykitesintheclassroom?27.__thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?28.There_somebreadontheplate.29.There_______aboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomeninthepark.30.You,heandI______fromChina.be动词Be动词的用法:(1)Am--wasIs--wasAre--were口诀:我用am,你用are,is用在他她它,复数全用are。(2)肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Heis(not)ateacher.Sheis(not)inthediningroom.Myhairis(not)long.Hereyesare(not)small.(3)一般疑问句AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.语法及练习8Therebe句型与have,hasTherebe句型与have,has的区别1、Therebe句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)2、在therebe句型中,主语是单数,be动词用is;主语是复数,be动词用are;如有几件物品,be动词根据最*近be动词的那个名词决定。3、therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。4、therebe句型与have(has)的区别:therebe表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人拥有某物。5、some和any在therebe句型中的运用:some用于肯定句,any用于否定句或疑问句。6、and和or在therebe句型中的运用:and用于肯定句,or用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:Howmany+名词复数+arethere+介词短语?Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语?8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:What’s+
介词短语?Fillintheblankwith“have,has”or“thereis,thereare”1.I________agoodfatherandagoodmother.2.____________atelescopeonthedesk.3.He_________atape-recorder.4._____________abasketballintheplayground.5.She__________somedresses.6.They___________anicegarden.7.Whatdoyou___________?8.______________areading-roominthebuilding?9.WhatdoesMike___________?10.______________anybooksinthebookcase?11.Myfather_________astory-book.12._______________astory-bookonthetable.13._______________anyflowersinthevase?14.Howmanystudents____________intheclassroom?15.Myparents___________somenicepictures.16._____________somemapsonthewall.17.______________amapoftheworldonthewall.18.David__________atelescope.19.David’sfriends___________sometents.20.______________manychildrenonthehill.Fillintheblankwith“have,has”1.I_________anicepuppet.2.He_________agoodfriend.3.They__________somemasks.4.We___________someflowers.5.She___________aduck.6.Myfather____________anewbike.7.Hermother___________avase.8.Ourteacher_________anEnglishbook.9.Ourteachers___________abasketball.10.Theirparents___________someblankets11.Nancy_________manyskirts.12.David__________somejackets.13.Myfriends__________afootball.14.Whatdoyou__________?15.WhatdoesMike__________?16.Whatdoyourfriends___________?17.WhatdoesHelen___________?18.Hisbrother________abasketball.19.Hersister_________anicedoll.20.MissLi__________anEnglishbook.六年级下册单元知识点第一单元四会单词:tall—taller更高的short—shorter更矮的strong—stronger更强壮的
old—older年龄更大的young—younger更年轻的big—bigger更大的heavy—heavier更重的long—longer更长的thin—thinner更瘦的small—smaller(体型)更小的四会句型:Howtallareyou?你有多高?I’m164cmtall.我164厘米高。You’reshorterthanme.你比我矮。You’re4cmtallerthanme.你比我高4厘米。Howheavyareyou?你有多重?I’m48kg.我48千克。应该掌握的知识点:1、表示两者之间有所比较时,句子中的形容词要用比较级形式。形容词变为比较级的变化规则:(1)一般情况下,在形容词的词尾直接加er。如:tall—tallershort—shorter.(2)以字母e结尾的形容词,在词尾直接加r,如:nice—nicer.late—later(3)以重读闭音节结尾,且结尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加er.如:big—biggerthin—thinnerfat—fatter(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节形容词,先变y为i,再加er。如:easy—easierheavy—heavierfunny—funnier.形容词比较级的变化口诀:原级变为比较级,通常er加上去。若是结尾辅元辅,辅音双写要牢记。辅音加y结尾时,把y变i是必须。原级若以e结尾,直接加r不后悔。2、部分形容词比较级的不规则变化:good—betterwell—betterbad—worsebadly—worsemany—moremuch—morelittle—lessfar—farther3、同义句:Howtallareyou?==What’syourheight?Howheavyareyou?==What’syourweight?4、以How开头的问句(仅限小学阶段):Howareyou?问身体状况。Howold„?问年龄Howtall„?问身高Howlong„?问长度Howbig„?问大小(指外型、形体的大小)Howheavy„?问体重、重量Howmany„?问多少,物体的数量Howmuch„?问价格5、it’s与its:这两个词发音相同但意义不同。it’s是itis的缩写,汉语意思是“它是”,如:it’safatcat.它是一只肥猫。its是代词,意思是“它的”,如:thatisitstail.那是它的尾巴。6、Myschoolbagisbiggerthan_________.A.youB.yourCyours这里的正确答案应该是选项C.yours。Yours是名词性物主代词,它在这里所代表的意思是“yourschoolbag”.Than后面要跟名词或名词性短语,因此在这里一定要用名词性物主代词。与形容词性物主代词相对应的名词性物主代词还有:my---mineyour---yourshis—hisher—hersit—itstheir---theirs第二单元:四会单词haveafever发烧haveasorethroat喉咙疼haveacold感冒haveatoothache牙疼haveaheadache头疼matter事情,麻烦sore疼的hurt疼痛nose鼻子tired疲劳的,累的excited兴奋的angry生气的happy高兴的bored无聊的,烦人的sad忧伤的,悲伤的四会句型:What’sthematter?怎么了?Mythroatissore.Mynose
hurts.我喉咙疼。我鼻子疼。Howareyou,LiuYun?Youlookhappy.你好吗,刘云。你看起来很高兴。Howareyou,Sarah?Youlooksadtoday.你好吗,Sarah?今天,你看起来很难过。应该掌握的知识点:1、ache是名词,它表示连续固定的疼痛,它是个体弱多病的家伙,身体部位名称是怕它了,哪个部位不小心被它跟上了,就倒霉了。earache耳朵痛,stomachache胃疼,backache背疼,heartache心脏病2、sore,ache与hurtsore是形容词,表示“疼的、痛的”放在名词前或系动词be后,如:asorenose鼻子疼Mynoseissore.我的鼻子疼。ache是名词,常常放在名词后,表示连续固定的疼痛,如:headache头疼stomachache胃疼,backache背疼,heartache心脏病hurt是动词,指“刺痛、使受伤痛”,如:hehurtshisleg.他伤了腿。这时我们还可以说“Hisleghurts.他腿疼。”有时它们还可以表达相同的含义,如:Ihaveasoreback==Ihaveabackache==Mybackhurts.但是要注意的是,并不是所有的词都可以这样转换,有些固定的用法是不能改变的。3、What’sthematter?matter做名词时意思是“要紧事,麻烦事,问题”,在此用法中一定要加定冠词the。其同义句为:What’swrong?What’sthetrouble?What’sup?What’stheproblem?作为看病用语,它常用来询问病人的身体状况。4、might与may:might与may都可以表示可能性。might在表示推测时,把握比较小,表示特别尊重对方,心里没底,更带有试探性。may表示一件事或许会发生(或是某种情况可能会发生)。5、hear与listen:hear表示“听见,听到”的结果。如:IlistenedbutIcouldn’thearanything.我注意听,但什么也没听到。listen表示“听,注意听,倾听”的动作。如:Theyarelisteningtotheradio.他们在听广播。6、关于一般现在时:一般现在时的用法:表示经常或者反复发生的动作。如:我每天吃午饭。Ihaveluncheveryday.还表示现在存在的一种状态.。如:我姐姐是一位老师。Mysisterisateacher.一般现在时态经常与often(经常)sometimes(有时)always(总是)usually(通常)等副词连用,也经常与everyday(每天),everyweek(每周),everymonth(每月),everyterm(每学期),everyyear(每年),onceaweek(一周一次),twiceayear(一年两次)等时间状语连用。(1)一般现在时态分为be动词的一般现在时和实义动词的一般现在时。1)be动词包括am,is,are,中文为“是”,这三个词的用法要随着主语的变化而变化。“am”用于第一人称单数(I);“is”用于第三人称单数(he,she,it);“are”用于第一人称复数(we),第二人称单数和复数(you),第三人称复数(they)。可以记住以下顺口溜:am是专门来管“我”,is只管“他,她,它”,are就管“你”和“大家”。2)一般疑问句和否定句Iamateacher.(我是一位老师)Youarehisfriend.(你是他的朋友)Sheisa
nurse.(她是一名护士)以上三个句子都是肯定句。此类句子变成疑问句和否定句时,有些地方的语序和汉语不同,需特别注意。变为疑问句时,把动词be“am,is,are”放在句首,回答时也要使用be动词;变为否定句时,把表示否定的not放在“amisare”的后面,其中可以简写为:isnot----isn’tarenot----aren’tamnot没有简写形式。如:AmIateacher?Yes,Iam.(No,Iamnot.)Areyouhisfriend?Yes,youare.(No,youarenot.)Issheanurse?Yes,sheis.(No,sheisnot.)注意:如果arenot,isnot放在句尾时,不能使用简写,必须写出整个单词。否定句为:Iamnotateacher.Youarenothisfriend.Sheisnotanurse.3)如果句子的动词不是be动词“amisare”而是其他实义动词,疑问句和否定句要借助于助动词“do”或者“does”,也就是说be动词和实义动词原形不能同时使用。这里的“do”“does”本身没有什么意义,只是帮助构成疑问句和否定句。一般疑问句读时必须用降调。“do”和“does”的使用要随着人称的变化而变化。请看下面两组句子,注意区分他们的共同点和不同点。Igotoschooleveryday.Hegoestoschooleveryday.Idon’tgotoschooleveryday.Hedoesn’tgotoschooleveryday.Doyougotoschooleveryday?Doeshegotoschooleveryday?Yes,Ido.(No,Idon’t)Yes,hedoes.(No,hedoesn’t)这两组句子中,由于人称的不同,句子的结构也不同,具体如下:当主语是第三人称单数时,肯定句为:主语+动词的s形式+宾语否定句为:主语+助动词doesn’t+动词原形+宾语疑问句为:Does+主语+动词原形+宾语肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词does.注:第三人称单数用了does后面就不用动词的s形式了,而用动词原形。动词的一般现在时态,除了第三人称单数(hesheit)外,其余都用动词原形。当主语是其他人称时,肯定句为:主语+动词原形+宾语否定句为:主语+助动词don’t+动词原形+宾语疑问句为:Do+主语+动词原形+宾语肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词do。注:变为疑问句,要在句首加“do”;变为否定句,要在动词前面加“donot”,可以简写为“don’t”.第三单元四会单词:watch—watched看wash—washed洗clean—cleaned打扫play—played玩visit—visited看望do—didlastweekend上一个周末go—went去gotoapark—wenttoapark去公园goswimming—wentswimming去游泳gofishing—wentfishing去钓鱼read—read读gohiking—wenthiking去郊游四会句型:Whatdidyoudolastweekend?你上个周末干什么了?Iplayedfootball.我踢足球了。Didyoureadbooks?你读书了吗?Yes,Idid.是的,我读了。No,Ididn’t.不,我没有。应该掌握的知识点:1、关于一般过去时一般过去时态:表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词要用一般过去式。经常与yesterday(昨天),lastweek(上周),lastmonth(上个月),lastyear(去年),twomonthsago(两个月前),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),in1990(在1990年),inthosedays
(在那些日子里)等表示过去的时间状语连用。如:Iwasbornin1990.(我出生在1990年)。Whendidyougotothepark?(你是什么时候去的公园)。Iwenttotheparklastweek.(我是上周去的公园)在上面的句子中第一句属于be动词的一般过去时态;第二句和第三句属于实义动词的一般过去时态。(1)Be动词的一般过去时态在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词,amis的过去式为was;are的过去式为were.构成:肯定句:主语+was(were)+宾语如:Iwaslateyesterday.(昨天我迟到了。)否定句:主语+was(were)+not+宾语如:Weweren’tlateyesterday.(我们昨天没迟到)疑问句:Was(Were)+主语+宾语如:Wereyouillyesterday?(你昨天病了吗?)肯定回答:Yes,Iwas.(是的,我病了。)否定句:No,Iwasn’t.(不,我没病。)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was(were)+主语+宾语如:Whenwereyouborn?你是什么时候出生的?(2)实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和does的过去式did.肯定句为:主语+动词过去式+宾语如:Iwenthomeatnineo’clockyesterday.(我昨天九点钟回的家。)否定句:主语+didn’t+动词原形+宾语如:Ididn’tgohomeyesterday.(我昨天没回家。)疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+宾语如:Didyougohomeyesterday?(你昨天回家了吗?)肯定回答:Yes,Idid.(是的,我回了。)否定回答:No,Ididn’t.(不,我没回家。)(3)助动词和情态动词过去式如下:shall―should(将要)用于第一人称单数will―would(将要)用于所有人称can?could(能,会)may―might(可以)must―must(必须)haveto―hadto(不得不)助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式,后面的动词还使用原形。如:Ihadtodomyhomeworkyesterday.(昨天我不得不做作业。)(4)一般过去时态由动词的过去式表示。大多数动词的过去式是在动词原形后加上ed构成。这类动词称为规则动词。1)一般情况下在词尾直接加ed。如:play―playedwork―worked2)以e结尾的动词只加d.如:like---likedlove―loved3)以辅音字母+Y结尾的动词,变Y为I,再加ed.如:study―studiedcarry―
carried4)以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,要双写最后这个辅音字母,再加ed.如:stop―stopped(5)--ed的读音规则如下:1)在清辅音后面读[t].2)在浊辅音或元音后读[d].3)在[t]和[d]后读[id].(6)不以ed结尾的过去式,称为不规则动词。一般过去时态的“三变”技巧一变:肯定句变为否定句【技巧1】当句中含有情态动词或助动词could,would,should等时,可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如:Icouldgetyouaconcertticket.→Icouldnot/couldn’tgetyouaconcertticket.【技巧2】当句中含有系动词was,were时,可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如:IwasontheInternetwhenyoucalledme.→Iwasnot/wasn’tontheInternetwhenyoucalledme.【技巧3】当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was,were以外的动词时,在该动词之前加didnot/didn’t,动词还原,构成否定句。例如:ThefamoussingersangsomeChinesesongs.→Thefamoussingerdidnot/didn’tsinganyChinesesongs.二变:陈述句变为一般疑问句【技巧1】移动词语的位置。将was,were,could,would,should等移到句首。例如:Hecouldpackhisthingshimself.→Couldhepackhisthingshimself?【技巧2】添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was,were以外的动词时,在主语之前加did,动词还原。例如:MrLilookedveryold.→DidMrLilookveryold?三变:陈述句变为特殊疑问句【技巧1】确定疑问词:人who/whom,物what,地点where,时间when/whattime,原因why,频率howoften,长度howlong,距离howfar等等。例如:Theygavetheconcertlastnight.→Whendidtheygivetheconcert?【技巧2】辨认结构形式:疑问词+情态动词/助动词/was/were/did+主语+...?例如:Theaccidenthappenednearthestation.→Wheredidtheaccidenthappen?2、关于名词所有格:(仅限于小学阶段‘s所有格的用法)(1)表示有生命的东西的名词末尾加’s。例如:Jim’sbed吉米的床theman’swife那个男人的妻子children’stoys孩子们的玩具thefox’stail狐狸的尾巴(2)以-es或-s结尾的名词末尾加"’s"。例如:thestudents’books学生们的书Teachers’Day教师节myboss’office我老板的办公室agirls’
dormitory女生宿舍(3)表示两者共同拥有的人或物(共有)时,只需要后一个名词加’s(或’)即可。如果表示两者各自的所属关系(各自所有),则每个名词词尾都加上’s(或’)。例如:JoanandJane’sroom(房间属二人共同所有)Joan’sandJane’sroom(指Joan和Jane各自的房间)(4)’s所有格所修饰的词的省略现象1)表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词,其名词所有格后的被修饰语常常省略。例如:Imetheratthedoctor’s(office).我在诊所遇见了她。Hehasgonetothetailor’s(shop).他到服装店去了。ShewenttoMr.Black’s(house)yesterday.她昨天到布莱克先生家去了。2)名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,往往可以省略,以免重复。例如:Whosepenisthis?It’sTom’s.这是谁的钢笔?是汤姆的。Thebikeisnotmine,butWangPinpin’s.这辆自行车不是我的,是王品品的。3、them与their:them表示“他们”是人称代词宾格,放在及物动词和介词后面做宾语。如Iwanttohelpthem.我想帮助他们。their“他们的”是形容词性物主代词,放在名词前面。Thesearetheirbooks.这是他们的书。第四单元四会单词:learnChinese—learnedChinese学汉语singanddance—sanganddanced唱歌和跳舞eatgoodfood—ategoodfood吃好吃的食物takepictures—tookpictures照相climb—climbed爬have—hadbuypresents—boughtpresents买礼物rowaboat—rowedaboat划船seeelephant—sawelephant看大象goskiing—wentskiing去滑雪goice-skating—wentice-skating去滑冰how怎么,如何get—got到达last上一个的,仅余的,留在最后的四会句型:Wheredidyougoonyourholiday?你去哪里度假了?IwenttoXinjiang.我去新疆了。Howdidyougothere?你怎么去那儿的?Iwentbytrain.我坐火车去的。应该掌握的知识点:1、时间前介词的用法:英语中不同的时间前所用的介词不相同,一般有如下规则(1)在表示一段时间的词语前用in,如在年份、月份、季节前用in,如in2009,inMay,inspring等。另外在上午、在下午、在晚上也用in.inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening.(2)表示在某一天,在星期几,在几月几日时用on,如onMonday,onMay1st.另外还有onTuesdaymorning.(3)表示具体的时刻,在„几点钟时用at。如at6o’clock.at7:20.2、英语书信的书写格式;(1)称呼:指导对收信人的称呼。一般从信纸的左边顶格写起。(2)正文:指信的主体部分。从称呼的下一行第一段顶格或空四到五个字母开始写。(3)结束语:一般是表示自己对收供信人一种礼貌客气的谦称。常用Love,Yours或Sincerely等。通常在正文结束后另起一行左边顶格写。(4)签名:指发信人签名。写在结束语下一行,也顶格写。3、序数词是由基数词转变而来,表示“第„个”。(1)1—3分别为first,second,
third,没有规律。(2)4—19通常由基数词加th构成,特殊的有:five—fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve—twelfth.(3)整十的数词,其后缀—ty要先变成tie再加—th.如twenty—twentieth.(4)两位数只把后一个数词变为序数词,前面的数词仍保留其基数形式。如,twenty-one—twenty-first巧学妙记:基数词变序数语口诀基变序,有规律,词尾加上th;一二三,特殊记,八去t,九去e;five,twelve两兄弟,ve要用f替;将y变成ie,词尾加上th.若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。小学英语总复习六年级上册知识点Unit1Howdoyougotoschool?主要单词:byplane坐飞机byship坐轮船onfoot步行bybike骑自行车bybus坐公共汽车bytrain坐火车trafficlights交通灯trafficrules交通规则Stopataredlight红灯停Waitatayellowlight黄灯等Goatagreenlight绿灯行主要句子:Howdoyougotoschool?你怎么去上学?UsuallyIgotoschoolonfoot.SometimesIgobybus.通常我步行去上学。有时候骑自行车去。HowcanIgettoZhongshanPark?我怎么到达中山公园?YoucangobytheNo.15bus.你可以坐15路公共汽车去。知识点:1、Therearemanywaystogosomewhere.到一个地方去有许多方法。这里的ways一定要用复数。因为thereare是Therebe句型的复数形式。2、getto到达.关本单元我们还要学习与get相关的短语:geton上车getoff下车3、onfoot步行乘坐其他交通工具大都可以用介词by„,但是步行只能用介词on。4、gotoschool的前面绝对不能加the,这里是固定搭配。5、USA和US都是美国的意思。另外America也是美国的意思。6gotothepark前面一定要加the.如果要去的地方有具体的名字,就不能再加the,如果要去的地方没有具体名字,由要在前面加the.gotoschool除外。7、Howdoyougoto„?你怎样到达某个地方?如果要问的是第三人称单数,则要用:Howdoeshe/she„goto„?8、反义词:geton(上车)---getoff(下车)near(近的)—far(远的)fast(快的)—slow(慢的)because(因为)—why(为什么)same(相同的)—different(不同的)9、近义词:seeyou---goodbyesure---certainly---ofcourse10、频度副词:always总是,一直usually通常often经常sometimes有时候never从来不Unit2Whereisthesciencemuseum?主要单词:library图书馆postoffice邮局hospital医院cinema电影院bookstore书店sciencemuseum科学博物馆turnleft向左转turnright向右转gostraight直行north北south南east东west西主要句子:Whereisthecinema,please?请问电影院在哪里?It’snexttothehospital.它与医院相邻。Turnleftatthecinema,thengostraight.It’sontheleft.在电影院向左转,然后直行。它在左边。知识点:1、near表示在附近,nextto
表示与„相邻。它的范围比near小。2、电影院在英语中称为“cinema”,在美语中称为movietheatre.3、for表示持续多长时间,当表示做某事多长时间都要用for.如:Walkeastfor5minutes.4、当表示某个地方在另一个地方的哪一方向时,要用介词of。如:thehospitaliseastthecinema.医院在电影院的东边。5、表示在哪儿转时,用介词at。如:Turnleftatthebank。在银行左转。6、find表示“找到”,强调找的结果。Lookfor表示“寻找”,强调找的过程。7、英文的书信与中文的书信不完全一样:开头:英语是在人称后面加逗号,中文是加冒号。正文:英语是顶格写,中文要空两个格。结尾:英语的落款与人名是顶格而且是分开写的。中文则是另起一行,放在一起且稍靠后一点儿的地方。8、近义词:bookstore==bookshop书店gostraight==godown直行afterschool==afterclass放学后9、反义词或对应词:here(这里)---there(那里)east(东)---west(西)north(北)---south(南)left(左)---right(右)geton(上车)---getoff(下车)10、inthefrontof„表示在„的前面,是指在该地方的范围thismorning今天上午thisafternoon今天下午thisevening今天晚上nextweek下周tomorrow明天tonight今晚postcard明信片comicbook漫画书newspaper报纸主要句子:Whatareyougoingtodoontheweekend?你周末打算做什么?I’mgoingtovisitmygrandparentsthisweekend?这个周末我打算去看望我的外祖父母。Whereareyougoingthisafternoon?你今天下午打算去哪里?I’mgoingtothebookstore.我打算去书店。Whatareyougoingtobuy?你打算去买什么?I’mgoingtobuyacomicbook。我打算去买一本漫画书。知识点:1、Whatareyougoingtodo?你想做什么?询问他人在未来的打算。Begoingto后面要跟动词的原形。2、thisevening和tonight的区别:thisevening指的是今天晚上睡觉以前的时间,一般指晚上十二点以前。而tonight指的是今晚,一般是指一整晚的时间,通宵。3、部分疑问代词的意义与用法:(1)What什么。用来问是什么,做什么,叫什么,什么样等等。如:Whatisyourname?你的名字叫什么?Whatisyourfather?你爸爸是干什么的?Whatisyourhobby?你的爱好是什么?Whatisyourfavouritefood?你最喜爱的食物是什么?What’syourmathteacherlike?你的数学老师长得什么样子?(2)Where,在哪里,到哪里。用来问地点。如:Whereareyoufrom?你从哪里来?Whereareyougoingto?你打算去哪里?Whereismy
ruler?我的尺子在哪里?(3)When,什么时候。用来问时间。如:Whenisyourbirthday?你的生日是什么时候?Whenareyougoingto?你打算什么时候去?Whendoyougotoschool?你什么时候去上学?(4)whattime几点了。用来问具体的时间,如:Whattimeisit?现在几点了?(5)Whatcolour什么颜色。用来问物体的颜色。如:Whatcolourisyourschoolbag?你的书包是什么颜色的?(6)Whatkindof什么种类。用来问类别。如Whatkindoffruitdoyoulike?你最喜欢哪一种水果?(7)who谁。用来问人物是谁。如:WhoisyourEnglishteacher?你的英语老师是谁?Who’sthatman?那个男人是谁?(8)whose谁的。用来问物体的主人是谁?如:Whosepencilisthis?这是谁的铅笔?Whosebikeisblue?谁的自行车是蓝色的?(9)which哪一个。用来问具体的哪一个。如:Whichseasondoyoulikebest?你最喜欢哪个季节?Whichpencilisken’s?thelongoneortheshortone?哪只铅笔是Ken的?长的那支还是短的那支?(10)how怎样?用来问身体状况,或者事情的状况,对事件的看法等。如:Howareyou?你好吗?Howisyourmother?你妈妈好吗?Howaboutyou?你呢?(11)howmany多少个。用来问有多少个,后面要跟名词的复数形式。如:Howmanybooksdoyouhave?你有多少本书?Howmanykitescanyousee?你能看见多少只风筝?(12)howmuch多少钱。用来问物体的价钱。如:Howmucharethey?他们多少钱?Howmuchisyourschoolbag?你的书包多少钱?(13)howold几岁了。用来问年龄。如Howoldareyou?你几岁了?Howoldisyourfather?你爸爸多大了?(14)why为什么。用来问原因,一般要用because来回答。如:whydoyoulikespring?你为什么喜欢春天?BecauseIcanflykites.国为我可以放风筝。(15)howlong多长(16)howtall多高4、Iwanttobe„我想成为„表示理想。Unit4Ihavepenpal1、动词变为动名词的规则:动词变为动名词,即是动词加ing。一般要遵循以下三条规则:(1)一般情况下,在动词的后面直接加ing。如:play—playingread—readingdo—doinggo—going(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,要去掉不发音的字母e,再加ing。如:write—writingride—ridingmake—makingdance—dancing(3)以单元音加单辅音结尾的重读闭音节,要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ing。如:run—runningswim—swimmingput—puttingsit—sitting2、关于第三人称单数:
动词变为第三人称单数形式的规则:(1)在一个句子中,如果主语人称既不是你,也不是我,而是另外的一个人,这时的人称叫做第三人称单数。(2)在第三人称单词的句子中,动词要使用第三人称单词形式。(3)动词变为第三人称单数形式,要遵循以下规则:①一般情况下,在动词的后面直接加s。如:read--readsmake—makeswrite—writes②以字母s,x,o,sh,ch结尾的动词,在词尾加es。如:do—doeswash—washesteach—teachesgo—goespass—passes③以y结尾的动词分为两个情况,以元音字母加y结尾的动词,在词尾直接加s。如:play—playsbuy--buys以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,要把y变为i,再加es.如:study--studies④以f,fe结尾的名词,先把f,fe变为v,再加-es.⑤特殊变化:have--has(4)在一个第三人称单数的句子中,只要句子中出现了does或者其否定形式doesn’t.该句子中的其他动词就要使用原形。(5)第三人称单数的肯定句在变为否定句时,在动词的前面加doesn’t.动词恢复原形。如:helivesinBeijing.---hedoesn’tliveinBeijing.(6)第三人称单数的陈述句在变为一般疑问句时,用does开头,后面的动词也要变为原形。如:helivesinBeijing.---DoesheliveinBeijing?3、注意几个单词的变化:hobby(复数形式)—hobbieshaveto(同义词)—must第五单元1、一些由动词变化而来的职业名词:teach—teacherclean—cleanersing—singerdance—dancerdrive—driverwrite—writerTVreport—TVreporteract—actoract—actressart—artistengine—engineer2、做“对句子划线部分提问”试题时,一般应该遵循三个步骤:(1).确定与句子划线部分相应的特殊疑问词,并且特殊疑问词代替相应的划线部分。(2).把特殊疑问词代替划线部分后的句子变成一般疑问句。(3).最后再把特殊疑问词提到句首。以上三个基本步骤可以用三个字来概括,即:定,问,提。例如:Thisisabook?①Thisiswhat.②Isthiswhat?③Whatisthis?注意:句①②只是一种变化过程,不必写入试题中。句③才是试题所要求的形式和结果,必须写到试题上。以上三个步骤是对句子划线部分提问最基本的过程。然而对不同句子的不同成份提问时,还要注意以下几点:(1).如果句子的划线部分是主语,只找出相应的特殊疑问词,用来代替划线部分即可。如:1)HeteachesusEnglish.WhoteachesusEnglish?2)Mymother’sclothesareoverthere.Whoseclothesareoverthere?(2).如果句子的划线部分是谓语(包括谓语动词),不论原来的谓语动词是何种形式(时态、语态),都要将谓语动词变为do的相应的形式:不论原来的谓语动词后面跟的是人、物还是地点,一律用What来代替。如:1)Theyareplayingfootball.①Theyaredoingwhat.②Aretheydoingwhat?③Whataretheydoing?2)Theywolfisgoingtokillthatman.①Theywolfisgoingtodowhat.②Isthewolfgoingtodo
what?③Whatisthewolfgoingtodo?(3).如果句子的划线部分是定语,并且在谓语部分,这时,需将特殊疑问词和紧跟其后的名词一起提到句首。如:1)Thatishispen.①Thatiswhosepen.②Isthatwhosepen?③Whosepenisthat?对定语划线部分提问题,如果划线部分是所属关系,特殊疑问词用whose;如果划线部分指具体的“某一个”时特殊疑问词用which;如果划线部分指②Aretheywhoselegs?③Whoselegsarethey?2)Ilikeredone.①Youlikewhichone.②Doyoulikewhichone?③Whichonedoyoulike?3)TheyhavefiveEnglishbooks.TheyhavehowmanyEnglishbooks.DotheyhavehowmanyEnglishbooks?HowmanyEnglishbooksdotheyhave?第六单元这一单元是一个阅读单元,基本上没有什么知识点,我们只需注意几个单词的变化就可以。1、名词变形容词:rain—rainycloud—cloudywind—windysun—sunnysnow—snowy时间名词前所用介词的速记歌年月周前要用in,日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on,上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午,用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏须用at,黎明用它也不错。at也用在明分前,说“差”可要用上to,说“过”只可使用past,多说多练牢牢记,莫让岁月空蹉跎。下面就时间概念的介词用法做一简要介绍和比较。1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。at1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)theseareourchieftasksatthepresentstage.这些就是我们现阶段的主要任务。2.on1)表示具体日期。theyarrivedinshanghaionmay25.他们在五月二十五日到达上海。注:(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法:at(on)theweekend在周末---特指at(on)weekends在周末---泛指overtheweekend在整个周末duringtheweekend在周末期间(2)在圣诞节,应说"atchristmas而不说"onchristmas2)在(刚„„)的时候。onreachingthecityhecalleduphisparents.一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。3.in1)表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和dur-
ing互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。in(during)1988(december,the20thcentury)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)ireturnedtobeijinginthemiddleofjune.我是六月中回北京的。但如果表示"在某项活动的期间",则只能用during。duringmymilitaryservice(thetrip)在我服役期间(在旅行期间)2)表示以说话时间为基点的"(若干时间)以后",常用作将来时态谓语的时间状语。如这时要表示"(若干时间)6.since表示"自(某具体时间)以来",常用作完成时态谓语的时间状语。sinceliberation(1980)自从解放(1980年)以来theyhavebeenclosefriendssincechildhood.他们从小就是好朋友。注:(1)sincethewar是指"自从战争结束以来",若指"自从战争开始以来",须说"sincethebeginningofthewar"。(2)不要将since与after混淆。比较:hehasworkedheresince1965.(指一段时间,强调时间段)自从1965年以来,他一直在这儿工作。hebegantoworkhereafter1965.(指一点时间,强调时间点)从1965年以后,他开始在这儿工作。7.by表示"到„„的时候",其谓语时态的用法:动作动词常用完成时态;状态动词(be)常用一般时态。比较:bynoon,everybodyhad(willhave)arrivedthere.bynoon,everybodywere(willbe)there.到中午的时候,大家都(将)到那儿了。以上探讨了介词表示时间概念时的用法和比较,上述介词除表示时间概念外还有其他的用法,英语学习者必须掌握其各种用法,才能灵活运用,提高自己的语言能力。冀教版小学英语全部句型问候Hi!Hello!Goodmorning/afternoon/evening!A:Howareyou?B:Fine,thankyou./Verywell,thankyou.介绍Mynameis____./Iamastudent./I’mfromCanada./Thisis______.Hello!/Howareyou?/Nicetomeetyou!/告别Good-bye!/Bye!/Bye-bye!Goodnight!Seeyoulater/tomorrow!感谢Thankyou(verymuch)/Thanksalot.That’sOK./That’sAllright./Youarewelcome./Notatall.道歉Sorry./Iamsorry.That’sOK./It’sallright.邀请Wouldyouliketogoforawalk?/Willyoucometomybirthdayparty?Sure./No,thanks.请求允许MayIgoonatriptoBeijing?Yes,youmay./No,youmaynot./Sure./Certainly.CanIuseyourpencil?Ofcourse,youcan.祝愿与祝贺Havealovelyday!/Goodluck!/HappyNewYear!/MerryChristmas!You,too./Thesametoyou.Happybirthday!Thankyou.
约会A:Wouldyouliketoplaywithmethisafternoon?B:Yes.When?A:At12:00.B:Seeyouthen.打电话Hello!MayIspeaktoMr.Wood?Yes,justamoment,please.Hello!IsKimthere?No/Sorry,canItakeamessage.就医What’sthematter?Ihurtmyfinger.Ihaveaheadache/stomachache.就餐Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?Yes.Iwouldlikericeandchicken.Whatwouldyoulike?Iwouldlikesometea.Wouldyoulikesomemoredumplings?Yes,please./No,thanks/thankyou.MayIhavesomemoresoup?It’sdelicious.Sure/OK.购物A:Can/May/Ihelpyou?B:Yes.Iwanttobuyadress,please.A:Hereyouare.B:MayItryiton?A:Ok/Sure.B:It’stoobig/small.A:Thisoneisjustright.B:Howmuchisit/arethey?A:Onehundredyuan/dollars.B:It’stooexpensive./It’sverycheap.ButIlikeit.I’lltakeit.问路A:Excuseme.Doyouknowwhereisthe________?B:Yes.Gostraightdownthestreet.Turnleftturnright.提供帮助A:CanIhelpyou?/MayIhelpyou?B:Yes,please./No,thanks.询问对方姓名What’syourname?Mynameis____.What’shis/hername?His/hernameis___.Whoareyou?I’m_____.询问它在哪Whereisthebook?Itisonthedesk.WhereisJenny?SheisbehindDanny.询问它是什么Whatisit?Itisamarker.询问颜色Whatcolouristhesweater?Thesweaterisblack.询问时间Whattimeisit?It’sseven.WhenisTeachers’Day?Teachers’DayisSeptembertenth.询问地址和住址Whereareyoufrom?I’mfromCanada.What’syouraddress?Myaddressis111ParkRoad.Wheredoyoulive?Iliveinanapartment.询问日期Whatdayistoday?TodayisMonday,Junesecond.Whatdayistomorrow?Tuesday,Junethird.Whatdaywasyesterday?Sunday,Junefirst.What’sthedate?It’sOctober19.询问对方正做什么Whatareyoudoing?I’msleeping.Whatishe/shedoing?He/sheisplaying.Whataretheydoing?TheyarelearningEnglish.询问对方已经做过些什么Whatdidyoudo?Iwenttothegym.Whatdidtheydo?Theyplayedbasketball.询问对方将要做什么Whatwillyoudo?Iwillflyakite.Whatishegoingto
do?HeisgoingtoteachEnglish.询问对方最喜欢的事物What’syourfavouritecolour/food/fruit/shape/season?Myfavouritecolouriswhite.询问对方经常做些什么?Whatdoyoudoinwinter?SometimesImakesnowballsandthrowthem.询问数量Howmanypencilsdoyouhave?Ihave10pencils.Howmanykitescanyousee?Icansee20kites.Howmanydaysarethereinaweek?Therearesevendaysinaweek.询问价钱Howmuchisthescarf?Twenty.Howmucharetherunners?Therunnersarethirtydollars.谈论天气气温A:How’stheweathertoday?B:It’ssunny/cloudy/windy/snowy.A:What’sthetemperature?B:It’s_______degrees.询问年龄Howoldareyou?I’mfourteenyearsold.Howoldisshe/he?He/Sheistwenty.询问身高Howtallareyou?I’m1.6metrestall.Howtallisshe/he?She/heis1.7metrestall.询问事情发生的频率Howoftendoyouplaybasketball?Aboutonceaweek.Howoftendoesmymothercleanbedroom?Twiceaday.询问事情发生的长短HowlongdoyouwatchTVaweek?Abouttwohours.Howlongdoeshegotoschooladay?Eighthours.询问距离的长短HowfarfromheretoBeijing?It’sonehundredkiliometres.询问对方感觉怎么样Howdoyoufeel?Ifeelsad.询问对方是谁,问谁在做些什么?Whoisthis?Thisisaman.Whoistalking?Dannyistalking.Whoishungry?I’mthirsty.询问这件东西是谁的Whosejacketisthis?Thisismyjacket/mine.询问为什么Iliketoeatvegetables.Why?myBecauseit’sgoodforyou.Doyou____?Does____(三单)____?Didyou___?Areyoureadyto_____?Arethese/those____?Isthis/that_____?MayI_____?CanI/you_____?Iam_____.You/Weare____.He/Sheis____Thereis____.Theseare_____.Ilike____Iliketo_____.This/Thatis___.These/Thoseare____.Ihave____.He/Shehas____.Let’s_____/冀教版小学英语全部句型1、问候Hi!Hello!Goodmorning/afternoon/evening!A:Howareyou?B:Fine,thankyou./Verywell,thankyou.2、介绍Mynameis____./Iamastudent./I’mfromCanada./Thisis______.Hello!/Howareyou?/Nicetomeetyou!/
3、告别Good-bye!/Bye!/Bye-bye!Goodnight!Seeyoulater/tomorrow!4、感谢Thankyou(verymuch)/Thanksalot.That’sOK./That’sAllright./Youarewelcome./Notatall.5、道歉Sorry./Iamsorry.That’sOK./It’sallright.6、邀请Wouldyouliketogoforawalk?/Willyoucometomybirthdayparty?Sure./No,thanks.7、请求允许MayIgoonatriptoBeijing?Yes,youmay./No,youmaynot./Sure./Certainly.CanIuseyourpencil?Ofcourse,youcan.8、祝愿与祝贺Havealovelyday!/Goodluck!/HappyNewYear!/MerryChristmas!You,too./Thesametoyou.Happybirthday!Thankyou.9、约会A:Wouldyouliketoplaywithmethisafternoon?B:Yes.When?A:At12:00.B:Seeyouthen.10、打电话Hello!MayIspeaktoMr.Wood?Yes,justamoment,please.Hello!IsKimthere?No/Sorry,canItakeamessage.11、就医What’sthematter?Ihurtmyfinger.Ihaveaheadache/stomachache.12、就餐Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?Yes.Iwouldlikericeandchicken.Whatwouldyoulike?Iwouldlikesometea.Wouldyoulikesomemoredumplings?Yes,please./No,thanks/thankyou.MayIhavesomemoresoup?It’sdelicious.Sure/OK.9、约会A:Wouldyouliketoplaywithmethisafternoon?B:Yes.When?A:At12:00.B:Seeyouthen.10、打电话Hello!MayIspeaktoMr.Wood?Yes,justamoment,please.Hello!IsKimthere?No/Sorry,canItakeamessage.11、就医What’sthematter?Ihurtmyfinger.Ihaveaheadache/stomachache.12、就餐Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?Yes.Iwouldlikericeandchicken.Whatwouldyoulike?Iwouldlikesometea.Wouldyoulikesomemoredumplings?Yes,please./No,thanks/thankyou.MayIhavesomemoresoup?It’sdelicious.Sure/OK.13、购物A:Can/May/Ihelpyou?B:Yes.Iwanttobuyadress,please.A:Hereyouare.B:MayItryiton?A:Ok/Sure.B:It’stoobig/small.A:Thisoneisjustright.B:Howmuchisit/arethey?A:Onehundredyuan/dollars.B:It’stooexpensive./It’sverycheap.ButIlikeit.I’lltake
it.14、问路A:Excuseme.Doyouknowwhereisthe________?B:Yes.Gostraightdownthestreet.Turnleftturnright.15、提供帮助A:CanIhelpyou?/MayIhelpyou?B:Yes,please./No,thanks.新标准小升初英语重点句型及用法一、Doyou…?的用法。(第一模块)如:DoyouusechopsticksinEngland?肯定回答:Yes,wedo。否定回答:No,wedon’t。这个句型是在询问某人是否做某事的情况下用的,在回答这类疑问句时,注意人称和肯定、否定用法就可以了。二、现在进行时态的用法。(第一模块、第二模块)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词ing?如:Whatareyoudoing?陈述句:主语+be+动词ing。如:We’remakingacake。这个时态用于强调正在进行的动作、事情。注意be动词的用法和现在分词的写法就可以了。(现在分词就是动词的ing形式,书第九页上面部分,是对学生已经学习的现在分词的总结)。三、Can引导的疑问句及陈述句的用法。(第四模块、第五模块)。1、询问他人是否会做某事:Can+主语+dosth?如:Canyourunfast?肯:Yes,Ican.否:No,Ican’t。2、询问自己是否可以吃(喝)某东西:CanIhave…?肯Yes,youcan.否:No,youcan’t。3、Can引导的陈述句。肯定句:主语+Can+dosth.如:Thisbirdcanfly。否定句:主语+Can’t+dosth。如:Youcan’tgoout。四、完成时态have/hasgot的用法。(第六模块、第七模块)。1、陈述句。单数第三人称作主语时:主语+hasgot+sth.如:LIjiehasgotapet。其他人称作主语时:主语+havegot+sth.如:Ihavegotanewkite。2、疑问句。单数第三人称作主语时:Has+主语+gotsth?如:Hasshegotacold?其他人称作主语时:Have+主语+gotsth?如:Haveyougotaheadache?have/hasgot表示的是拥有,也表示患了什么病。五、将来时态be+goingto的用法。(第九模块、第十模块)。1、陈述句。主语+be+goingtodo….如:I’mgoingtorunarace.我将要参加赛跑。主语+be+goingtobe….如:I’mgoingtobeadoctor.我要成为一名医生。2、一般疑问句:be+主语+goingtodo…?如:AreyougoingtogotoHongKong?肯:Yes,Iam.否:No,I’mnot。3、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+主语+goingto…?如:Whatareyougoingtodo?答:I’mgoingto…。六、Howmany…句型及Therebe句型的用法(第三模块、第八模块)。1、Thesethose的用法。These
指与自己距离较近的。Those指与自己距离较远的。它们都是指复数名词的,所以后面的名词一定要是复数的。如:Thesearesomeducks。2、Howmany…句型。用于询问数量的,需注意的是它后面接的可数名词要是复数,如:Howmanystoneaninalsarethere?Thereare24。回答用Therebe句型。第一章字母英语是拼音文字,字母是英语的最小书写单位。英语单词是由26个字母拼成的。因此,掌握好每个字母的发音和书写是学好英语的最基本条件。一、英语字母在字母表中的顺序:AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz二、英语字母的书写规则:三、大写字母的作用:1.写句子时,句子中的第一个词的第一个字母要大写。如:What’sthis?It’sabook.2.专用名词的第一个字母要大些。如:LiMing,Danny,Jenny,Kim,Beijing,China,Canada,Mr.Mrs.Miss,ClassOne,....GradeSix,UnitOne.3.表示“我”的字母“I”无论是首字母还是在句子中间,永远要大写。如:Iamastudent.YouandIaretwelveyearsold.四、英语字母的分类:1.按字母的类型可以分为:元音字母、辅音字母和半元音字母。在26个字母中Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu是元音字母,Ww和Yy是半元音字母,其他19个字母是辅音字母。2.按字母的读音分为以下7类:(1)含[ei]的字母:AaHhJjKk(2)含[i:]的字母:EeBbCcDdGgPpTtVv(3)含[e]读音的字母:FfLlMmNnSsXxZz(4)含[ai]的字母:IiYy(5)含[ju:]的字母:UuQqWw(6)Oo(7)Rr五、常用英语缩略语:a.m.(上午)p.m.(下午)dm(分米)cm(厘米)mm(毫米)kg(千克)km(千米)B.C.(公元前)A.D.(公元)TV(电视)CCTV(中国中央电视台)CAAC(中国民航)UN(联合国)UK(英国)US(美国)USA(美国)PRC(中华人民共和国)UFO(不明飞行物)WTO(世界贸易组织)CBA(中国篮球职业协会)NBA(美国篮球职业协会)WC(厕所)CD(光盘)ID(身份证)PC(个人电脑)KFC(肯德基)ABC(基础知识)字母专项练习题一、按字母顺序默写出26个字母的大、小写形式,并写出5个元音字母。4.Ii5.Oo6.Ww7.Rr8.Jj9.Ll10.Xx三、把全是元音字母的一组字母圈出来。1.ace2.ieo3.vuk4.euI5.JBI6.ETV7.OIE8.AER9.QYr10.AUE四、根据要求写字母。1.写出含有字母“A”读音的大小写字母:Aa
2.写出含有字母“E”读音的大小写字母:Ee3.写出含有字母[e]音素的大小写字母:4.写出含有字母“U”读音的大小写字母:Uu5.写出含有字母“I”读音的大小写字母:Ii五、将下列单词按其在字典中的顺序标上序号。shop()like()good()colour()old()thirty()at()buy()六、将下列单词的大小写互换。1.yellow2.pencil七、写出与所给单词发音相同的字母(大写)。1.bee()2.sea/see()3.tea()4.are()5.why()6.you()7.eye()8.pea()八、将下列字母重新组合后排成你学过的单词。第二章词汇第一节名词一、名词的概念:表示人或事物等名称的词。如:Tom,Beijing,China,milk,teacher.二、名词的分类:表示人、地点、机构、组织、国家、月份、星期、月份、节日等专门名称的词。如:Danny,(注意:专用名词的第一个字母要大写。)名词个体名词:boy,girl,book,egg,day,ruler等。集体名词:class,family,policeman等。milk,water,meat,paper,sugar,抽象名词:time,money,weathe,help等。三、名词的数:1(1)表示一个人或物时,用单数形式:如:apen,abook,adesk,abus,abike,anegg,anapple,anorange,anhour,aneye,anear,anarm,anoldman.(2)表示几个人或者物时用复数形式:如:twobooks,threepencils,fourpeaches,fiveboys,somegifts,manypeople.2.可数名词复数形式的构成:a.规则形式:(1)在名词末尾加s.例如:bike-bikes,map-maps,pen-pens,egg-eggs,day-days,boy-boys.(2)以s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词,在词尾加es.例如:bus-buses,class-classes,brush-brushes,watch-watches,peach-peaches,beach-beaches,box-boxes,fox-foxes.(3)以f或fe结尾的名词,先把f或fe变为v再加es.例如:leaf-leaves,wolf-wolves,knife(小刀)-knives.(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,先把y变为i后再加es.例如:baby-babies,family-families,strawberry-strawberries,city-cities,story-stories.(5)以o结尾的名词,表示有生命的在词尾加es,例如:potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,表示无生命的在词尾加s.例如:zoo-zoos,radio-radios,photo-photos,piano-pianos.b.不规则形式:(同学们一定要逐个记牢!)man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose(鹅)-geese,child-children,people-people,sheep-sheep,fish-fish,deer(鹿)-deer,Chinese(中国人)-Chinese,policeman-policemen,
snowman-snowmen.3.不可数名词的数量表示法:不可数名词没有单复数变化,如果要表示数量时可以用下面的公式记忆:数词+计量单位名词+of+不可数名词例如:apieceofpaper(一张纸),apieceofmeat(一块肉),acupoftea(一杯茶),aglassofwater(一玻璃杯水),abowlofrice(一碗米饭),abottleofpop(一瓶汽水),twocupsoftea(两杯茶),threepiecesofbread(三块面包),fivebagsofrice(五袋大米).四、名词的所有格:英语中表示人或事物的所属关系时,用名词的所有格,意思是“……的”。1.有生命事物的名词的所有格:(1)单数名词后加“’s”例如:LiMing’skite,Danny’shat,Jenny’scamera,myfather’scar.(2)以s结尾的复数名词后加“’”例如:Teachers’Day,thenurses’office.(3)不以s结尾的复数名词后加“’s”例如:Children’sDay,Women’sDay,men’sclothes.2.无生命事物的名词的所有格:用of所有格表示。例如:thewindowsoftheclassroom,apictureofDanny,amapofChina,aflagofChina.名词专项练习题一、写出下列名词的复数形式:1.book-2.map-3.flag-二、将下列名词正确归类:girl,money,brother,help,map,picture,table,desk,book,milk,game,team,water,juice,home,shirt,flower,family,meat,oil,rain,snow,pea.可数名词:不可数名词:三、翻译下列短语:1.一杯茶:2.两张纸:3.三碗汤4.四瓶果汁5.五袋食盐6.六袋面粉7.Jenny的连衣裙8.李明的照相机9.教师节10.儿童节11.一张中国的地图12.中国的首都11.我的妹妹的玩具13.一张我家的照片四、用所给名词的正确形式填空:1.Thereisa(pen)andtwo(book)onthedesk.2.Icanseemany(bird)inthesky.3.Therearemany(child)inthepark.4.-Whatdotheydo?–Theyare(policeman).5.Mysisterhasalotof(toy).6.Howmany(people)arethereinyourfamily?7.Therearemany(cow)and(sheep)onthefarm.8.Myfatherandmybrotherare(teacher).9.–Aretheseyour(runner)?–Yes,theyare.10.Therearesixty(minute)inan(hour).11.Ihavetwo(piece)of(bread)anda(glass)of(milk)forbreakfast.12.Therearemanybeautiful13.Kimhastwo(dress).Oneisold.Theotherisnew.14.Inspring,thetreeshavegreen15.Heisoneofmy16.Mynewcameraiseighty
(dollar).17.Aftersupper,Ioftenhelpmymotherwash(dish).18.Theskirtismy19.Todayismy(mother)birthday.20.-Whosebikeisthis?–It’s五、把下列单数句改为复数句:1.Thisisabus.→2.Thatisabox.→3.Heisapoliceman.→4.Iamagoodchild.→5.Heisdrawingasheep.→6.Hereisagiftforyou.→六、把下列复数句改为单数句。1.Theseareapples.→2.Theseareeggs.→3.Thoseareoranges.→4.Thoseareelephants.→5.Weareflyingkitesnow.→6.Therearemanychildrenintheroom.→第二节代词一、代词的概念:用来代替名词(人或物)的词。二、代词的分类:代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词和不定代词。三、各类代词的用法:a.人称代词:用来代替“我”“你”“他”“我们”“你们”“他们”等的词叫人称代词。1.人称单词的形式:人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,其变化形式如下表:2.人称单词的用法:(1)人称代词的主格作句子的主语。例如:Iamastudent.Shelookslikehermother.Heisswimmingintheswimmingpool.Theylikeplayingsoccer.(2)人称代词的宾格作动词和介词的宾语。例如:Canyouhelpme?Mymotherboughtmeanewbike.Letusgotothepark.Givehimapencil.=Giveapenciltohim.It’stimeformetogo.Wouldyouliketoplaywithus?b.物主单词:表示所属关系的代词叫物主代词。2.物主代词的用法:(1)形容词性的物主代词相当于一个形容词,只能放在名词的前面修饰名词,不能单独使用。例如:Thisismybike.HisnameisLi
Ming.(2)名词性的物主代词具有名词的性质,相当于“形容词性的物主代词+名词”,在句子中可以单独使用。例如:Thisisyourbike.Thatismine.(mine=mybike)Thishamburgerisn’tTom’s.Hisisonthetable.(His=Hishamburger)c.指示代词:表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”等指示概念的词叫指示代词。1.英语中的指示代词有四个:this(这个),that(那个),these(这些),those(那些)2.指示代词的用法:(1)指代单数的人或物时用this和that,指代复数的人或物用these和those,this和these指近处的人或物,that和those指远处的人或物。例如:Thisisacat.Thatisadog.Thesearecats.Thosearedogs.(2)当介绍别人时,习惯上用Thisis…而不用Thatis…或Heis…/Sheis…例如:Jenny,thisismyfriendLiMing.LiMing,thisismyfriendDanny.(3)在打电话时,指自己方用this而不用I,指对方用that而不用you.例如:Hello!ThisisJennycalling.Hello!IsthatLiMingcalling?e.疑问代词:我们所学过的疑问代词有:who(谁,主格),whom(谁,宾格),whose(谁的),what(什么),which(哪一个),where(哪里),when(何时),how(如何).例如:WhoisyourChineseteacher?Whomareyoutalkingto?Whosebookisthis?Whatareyoudoingnow?Whichseasondoyoulikebest?Whereisyourbike?Whenisyourbirthday?Howareyou?f.不定代词:用来指代不确定对象的代词。我们已学过的常见的不定代词有:some(一些,用在肯定句中),any(一些,用在否定句或疑问中),many(许多,用来修饰可数名词),much(许多,用来修饰不可数名词),something(一些东西/事情,用在肯定句中),anything(一些东西/事情,用在否定句或疑问中),theother(特指两者中的另一者),another(指三者或三者以上中的另一者),eachother(互相彼此).代词专项练习题二、根据句意和给出的汉语填空:1.(我)amastudent.(你)areastudent,too.他)isadoctor.(她)isanurse.(我们)arestudents.你们)arestudents,too.(他们)areworkers.2.(它)isacat.它的)nameisMimi.3.What’s(你的)name?(我的)nameisLiTao.4.(他)isagoodboy.他的)nameisWangMing.5.What’s她的)name?她的)nameisLiLing.6.(我们)liveinChina.Chinais我们的)motherland(祖国).Beijingis我们的)capitalcity.7.-Whereare(你们我们)arefromUK.8.-Whatare他们)doing?(他们)arecleaning他们的)classroom.9.Can(你)help(我)?10.Would(你们)liketoteach(我们)toplaybasketball?11.Thank(你)verymuch.12.Let我们)gotothepark.13.Let我)ask他)forsomehelp.14.Wouldyouliketoplaysoccerwith我们).15.It’stimefor(我)togo.It’stimefor我们)togotoschool.16.Thisis我的)
bike.(你的)isoverthere.17.(她的)newdressisgreen.Theyellowoneis我的).18.他的)penisred.我的)isblack.19.–Isthiscomputer我们的)?-No,itisn’t.It’s(他们的).20.Mysisteristooyoungtoeatsomething(她自己).三、选择适当的代词填空:1.Pleasegive(I,me,my)anapple.2.-Isthisjacketisn’tmine)isbrown.3.–AreyouandMarrygoodfriends?–Yes,4.-Canyouhelp–Sure.5.(She,Her,Hers)nameisLiMei.6.Anelephanthastwoears.(It,Its)earsareverybig.7.-Arethese(you,your,yours)shoes?–Yes,theyare(me,my,mine).8.Ican’tfind9.-Doyouhave(some,any)ping-pongballs?–Yes,Ihave(some,any).10.Thereare(many,much)peopleinthepark.11.Thereis12.Ihavetwotoycars.Oneisblack.四、用所给代词的正确形式填空:1.-What’s(I)nameisDanny.2.It’sapictureof4.Thisisnot(I)book.Thatoneis5.Canyouteach(we)tolearnEnglish?6.Myparentslove(I),andIlove7.Myparentswant8.Thisstorycanmake9.Doyouusuallyhelp(you)family?10.Doyouhave第三节冠词一、冠词的概念:冠词是一种虚词,本身不能单独使用,冠词用在名词之前帮助说明名词所指的人或物。二、冠词的分类:冠词分为不定冠词(a,an)和定冠词(the)两类。三、冠词的用法:a.不定冠词的用法:不定冠词有两种形式:a用在辅音音素开头的名词之前,如:abook,apen,agirl,adog,aweek等。an用在元音音素开头的名词之前,如:anapple,anarm,anegg,anelephant,anear,aneraser,ane-mail,anorange,anoldman,anicecream,anumbrell,anhour等。不定冠词的主要用法有:1.表示人或事物中的一个,相当于one.例如:Thereisabookonthedesk.Ihaveanewsweater.2.表示某一类人或者物,强调整体,即用其中的一个代表一类。例如:Abirdcanfly.Afishcanswim.Ahorsecanrun.Atraingoesfasterthanacar.3.用在表示时间、价格等含义的名词前,表示单位,相当于汉语中的“每”。例如:Wegotoschoolfivedaysaweek.LiMingplaysbasketballtwiceaweek.Theseapplesarethreeyuanakilo(这些苹果每斤三元).4.用在某些固定短语中。例如:haveagoodtime(玩得高兴)alittle(一点儿)alotof(许多=many/much)haveagoodtrip(旅途愉快)b.定冠词的用法:1.用在表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前。如:Thesunisbiggerthanthe
moon.2.用在说话人双方都知道的名词前。如:Openthedoor,please.3.用来特指某人或某物。如:Thegirlinareddressismysister.Thepenonthedeskismine.ThewomanatthedoorisMrs.Black.4.前文中提到的人或物,在后文中重复出现时,要在重复出现的名词前加定冠词the.如:Ihaveanewpen.Thepenisred.5.用在表示乐器的名词前。如:playthepianoplaytheguitar6.用在序数词和形容词、副词的最高级的前面。如:Sundayisthefirstdayofaweek.Heisthetallestboyinourclass.7.用在由普通名词组成的专用名词前。如:theGreatWall(长城)thePalaceMuseum(故宫)8.用在某些固定的短语中。如:inthemorning/afternoon/eveningbytheway(顺便问一下)inthesameschoolc.不用冠词的情况:1.在表示季节、月份、星期、节日的名词前不用冠词。如:inspring,inFebuary,onSunday,onNewyear’sday.2.在表示一日三餐的名词前不用冠词。如:havebreakfast/lunch/supper3.在表示球类运动的名词前不用冠词。如:playbasketball/soccer/ping-pong4.在名词前已经有别的限定词时不加冠词。如:Thisismymother.5.在某些固定的短语中不用冠词。如:gotoschool,gohome,gotobed,bybike,bybus,onfoot,atschool,athom等。冠词专项练习题用不定冠词a,an和定冠词the填空,不用冠词时填“×”。1.Thisisyellowpencil.2.Thisisappletree.3.Pleasegiveherorange.4.Sixtymintuesmakehour.5.Mymothertoldmeoldstory.storywasveryinteresting.6.Iusuallybrushmyteethtwiceday.7.Wehadgoodtimeyesterdy.8.–WewillgoonatriptoYunnan.–Havegoodtrip!9.-Howmucharetheseoranges?–Twoyuankilo(斤).10.boyinayellowT-shirtisWuDong.11.maponthewallismapofChina.12.Ihavehat.hatisnew.13.Ilikeplayingpiano.Tomlikesplayingguitar.14.Septemberisninthmonthofayear.15.WewenttoGreatWalllastSunday.16.IoftenwatchTVinevening.17.LiLeiandWangPengareinsameclass.18.-What’sdatetoday?–It’sMay7th.19.Lilyoftengoestoschoolonfoot.20.Iusuallyhavelunchatschool.第四节数
词一、数词的概念:表示数量和顺序的词叫数词。二、数词的分类:数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目。序数词表示顺序。三、数词的构成:a.基数词的构成:1.1~12的基数词要分别记忆:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve.2.13~19以teen结尾:thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen.3.整十数的基数词以ty结尾:twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety.4.表示“几十几”的基数词在十位与个位之间加上“—”。例如:21:twenty-one32:thirty-two43:forty-three54:fifty-four5.多位数的基数词从高位读到低位,在百位与十位间加and,表示“几百零几”时,在百位与个位间加and,表示“几千零几”时,在千位与个位间加and,例如:1,234:onethousandtwohundredandthirty-four101:onehundredandone2009:twothousandandnine6.hundred(百)和thousand(千)前面有具体的数字时,要用单数形式。例如:200:twohundred500:fivehundred2000:twothousand9000:ninethousandb.序数词的构成:把基数词变为序数词时,请按下面的口诀记忆:基变序很容易,词尾常加th:seven→seventhten→tenththirteen→thirteenth123无规律,应该单独来记忆:one→firsttwo→secondthree→third8加h,9减e,ve先用f替:eight→eighthnine→ninthfive→fifthtwelve→twelfthty结尾更特别,y变ie要记牢:twenty→twentiethforty→fortiethfifty→fiftieth几十几向后看,仅变个位就可以:twenty-one→twenty-first缩写式需记清,“阿”加末尾两字母(“阿”指序数词对应的阿拉伯数字):first→1stsecond→2ndthird→3rdninth→9thtwenty-first→21stthirty-second→32nd四、数词的基本用法:a.基数词的用法:1.表示房间、电话、门牌等的号码。例如:电话号码:7521346:sevenfivetwoonethreefoursix102房间:RoomOneOTwo11路公共汽车:No.ElevenBus2.表示年代、年龄、时刻等。例如:1998年:nineteenninety-eight(先读前两位,再读后两位)2009年:twothousandandnine12岁:twelveyearsold8:00:eight/eighto’ciock1:30:onethirty2:40:twoforty3:45:threeforty-fiveb.序数词的用法:1.表示顺序时用序数词,前面要加上定冠词the.例如:Januaryisthefirstmonthofayear.(一月是一年中的第一个月)2.表示日期时按月、日、年的顺序来表示,日子习惯上用序数词来表示。例如:December25thisChristmasDay.数词专项练习题一、写出数词的正确形式:基数词序数词
缩写式123589121315182021324355二、用英语写出下面的基数词:三、请把下面的汉语翻译成英语:1.三位男士2.五只绵羊3.12岁4.六年级一班5.五月十二日6.七点钟7.八点半8.第一课9.二路公共汽车10.九千八百公里四、用正确的基数词填空:1.Thereareminutesinanhour.2.Therearehoursinaday.3.Therearedaysinaweek.4.Thereareweeksinamonth.5.Therearemonthsinayear.6.Therearemonthsinaseason.7.Thereareseasonsinayear.8.Therearepeopleinmyfamily.(根据实际回答)9.Therearestudentsinourclass.(根据实际回答)10.Thereareclassesinourschool.(根据实际回答)五、用英语正确填写下面的日期:1.isNewYear’sDay.2.isWomen’sDay.3.isMayDay.4.isChildren’sDay..5.isTeachers’Day.6.isNationalDay.7.isChristmasDay.8.ismybirthday.(根据自己的实际回答)六、选择正确答案:()1.Decemberisthemonthinayear.A.twentyB.twelveC.twentiethD.twelfth()2.Septemberisthemonthinayear.A.nineB.ninethC.ninthD.nineteen()3.Sundayisthedayofaweek.A.firstB.secondC.thirdD.seventh()4.Mygrandfatherisyearsold.A.sevenB.seventeenC.seventyD.seventh()5.-Whatissevenandthirty-three?–It’sA.thirtyB.thirty-sevenC.fourty
D.forty()6.-TodayisMay10th.Whatwasthedateyesterday?–Itwas.A.May8thB.May9thC.May11thD.May12th()7.–Excuseme!Whereisthelibrary?–It’sonthefloor.A.fiveB.fivethC.fifthD.fivth()8.Myhandhasfingers.A.fiveB.sixC.fifthD.ten(A.twelveB.twentyC.thirtyD.fifty()10.BeijingheldtheOlympicGame(奥林匹克运动会)in2008.A.27thB.28thC.29thD.30th第五节形容词和副词A.形容词一、形容词的概念:形容词是指用来修饰名词,说明人或事物的特征、性质等的词。如:old(老的),young(年轻的),tall(高的),short(短的矮的),big(大的),small(小的),hard(困难的),easy(容易的),quiet(安静的),loud(声音响亮的),quick(快速的),slow(慢的)等。二、形容词的分类:1.表示大小:big,small,large,little.2.表示颜色:red,green,yellow,blue,pink,purple,orange,brown,black,white,grey.3.表示形态:nice,beautiful,lovely,dirty,clean.4.表示新旧:new,old5.表示年龄:young,old6.表示对错:right,wrong7.表示性质:good,nice,bad8.表示身体状况:fine,well,bad,ill9.表示轻重:heavy,light10.表示长短高:tall,long,short11.表示心理:sorry,glad,happy,sad12.表示生理需要:hungry,full,thirsty13.表示天气状况:hot,cold,warm,cool.三、形容词的用法:1.形容词在句子中的位置:形容词修饰名词时放在名词之前作名词的定语。如:Heisacleverboy.形容词作系动词的表语时放在系动词的后面。如:Theboyisclever.如果有几个形容词同时修饰一个名词时,把关系最密切的放在最靠近名词的位置,通常按大小、形状、颜色的顺序排列。如:abigredapple(一个大的红苹果)alittlereddragon(一条小红龙),abigbrowncow(一头大棕牛)2.在两者人或物之间进行比较时用形容词的比较级,请看标记词:than例如:...Thisappleisbiggerthanthatone.LiTaoistallerthanLiLei.3.在三者或三者以上的人或物之间比较时,用形容词的最高级,在形容词的最高级前必须加the,请看标记of/in…。例如:LiTaoisthetallestboyinourclass.Heistheyoungestofthethree(boys).四、形容词的比较级和最高级的构成:形容词有三级,即原级、比较级和最高级。形容词的比较级和最高级的变化规则如下:a.
规则变化:原级比较极最高级goodbetterbestbadworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldestB.副词一、副词的概念:副词是指用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。如:today,now,here,there,very,too,quickly,slowly.二、副词的分类:1.时间副词:today,now,tomorrow,yesterday,soon,late,early,then,first,finally.2.频度副词:often,usually,always,never,sometimes.3.地点副词:here,there,overthere,in,inside,out,outside.4.动态副词:on,off,up,down.5.程度副词:too,very,verymuch.6.方式副词:quickly,slowly,quietly,loudly.三、副词的用法:1.副词在句子中的位置:副词修饰动词时,放在动词的后面。例如:Jennywalksslowly.LiMingwalksquickly.副词修饰形容词和别的副词时放在前面,例如:Thecarrunsveryfast.Thankyouverymuch.Theboxistooheavy.2.在两者人或物之间进行比较时用副词的比较级,请看标记词:than例如:...Thecarrunsfasterthanthatone.Ilikespringbetterthansummer.(better是副词well的比较级)3.在三者或三者以上的人或物之间比较时,用副词的最高级,在副词最高级前可不用the,请看标记of/in…。例如:Herunsfastestinourclass.Ilikespringbest.四、副词的比较级和最高级的构成:规则变化同形容词比较级和最高级的构成,不规则的变化:1.在单音节的形容词后加了ly构成的副词,在前面分别加more和most.例如:slow→moreslowly→mostslowly.2.well→better→bestbadly→worse→worst形容词和副词专项练习题一、将下列形容词变成副词:bad→quiet→loud→quick→slow→easy→happy→good→二、写出下列各词的反义词:old→right→short→big→black→dirty→good→heavy→high→dry→healthy→strong→full→happy→thin→hot→warm→different→cheap→far→loud→quick→here→up→late→first→never→inside→quickly→loudly→sadly→三、翻译下列词组:1.一本新书2.一条小的红色的龙3.一个好的中国式的风筝4.一头棕色的大奶牛5.一个漂亮的蛋糕6.许多白云7.干净的皮肤8.许多大红苹果四、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级:tall→short→long→cold→warm→cool→fast→nice→fine→big→hot→fat→thin→easy→heavy→early→beautiful→interesting→
loudly→slowly→good/well→bad/badly→many/much→little→far→old→五、选择正确的答案:(A.well,goodB.good,goodC.good,wellD.well,welll(A.quietB.quietlyC.quickD.quickly(_thanthatone.A.beautifulB.morebeautifulC.themostbeautifulD.beautifuler(cityinChina.A.biggestB.thebiggestC.thebigestD.bigger六、选择正确的形容词或副词填空:(happy,happily).2.I’m_____3.It’s____outside.Iwanttoputonmycoat.(hot,cold)thanabus.(fast,faster)6.It’snothard.It’s_______.(easy,easily).(slow,slowly)day?(rain,rainy).(healthy,health)12.Goodtoyou!(healthy,health)13.Eatingmorevegetablesisgoodforyour.(healthy,health),light)七、用所给的形容词或副词的正确形式填空:(good).blowstheleavesoffthetrees.(windy)5.It’s.(quiet)thanaplane(slow)thanmybrother.(young)thanJenny.(tall)holiday.(west)thanBeijing.(big)thanflyingkites.(good)thancabbage.(much)15.Inspring,itgetsand第六节介词一、介词的概念:介词是用于名词或代词之前,来表示名词或代词与句子其他成分关系的次。介词后的名词或代词称为介词的宾语。介词不能单独作句子的成分,介词和它的宾语一起构成介词短语才作句子的成分。如:IplaysocceronSunday.二、常用介词的含义及其用法:1.at:(1)表示位置,指在较小的地点。如:athomeatschoolattheairport(2)表示时刻,指在几点或几点几分。如:atseven/seveno’clockatseventhirty2.in:(1)表示位置,指在……里面。如:inthedeskintheclassroom(2)表示地点,指在较大的地方。如:inBeijinginShanghaiinChinainCanada(3)表示时间,指在一段时间里。如:inthemorning/afternoon/afternooninJanuary,
inspring/summer/fall/winterin2009inMay,2009(4)表示穿戴着……(服饰)。如:Doyouknowthegirlinaredskirt?(5)表示用某种语言。如:CanyouspeakitinEnglish?What’sthisinChinese?3.on:(1)表示位置,指在……的表面上。如:onthedeskonthewallonthefloor(2)表示在星期几、在某个节日、具体的某一天或某一天的上午下午晚上。如:onSundayonNewYear’sDayonMay12thonMondaymorning4.of:表示所属关系:……的。如:ThisisapictureofDanny.5.by:表示乘某种交通工具。如:bybusbybikebytrainbyplane6.to:表示:去……;到……;向……。如:gototheparkfromMondaytoFridaygivesth.tosbshowsth.tosb.bringsth.tosb.takesb.to…7.for:表示:给……;为……;到……的时间了。如(1)Pleasebuyanewpenforme.(2)Thisgiftisforyou.(3)Iwouldliketoeatsomefishandriceforlunch.(4)Thankyouforyourhelp.(5)It’stimeforschool.(6)It’stimeforbed.8.with:表示:和……一起;用……(工具);带着……。如:(1)Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithmethisafternoon.(2)Pleasewritewithyourpen.(3)Dannyplayedbasketballwithaping-pongball.(4)Dannyranfastwithhiskite.9.from:表示:来自……;从……;如:-Whereareyoufrom?-I’mfromChina.IgotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.10.before:表示:在……之前。如:Ioftenbrushmyteethbeforebreakfast.11.after:表示:在……之后。如:DoyouoftenwatchTVaftersupper?12.above:表示:在……以上。如:Thereisapictureabovethebed.13.below:表示:在……以下。如:Thetempratureisblewzero.14.under:表示:在……的下面。如:Thereisaballunderthebed.15.infrontof:表示:在……的前面。如:Thereisadoginfrontofthedoor.16.behind:表示:在……的后面。如:Thereisanumbrellabehindthedoor.17.beside:表示:在……的旁边。如:Pleasesitdownbesideme.18.near:表示:在……的附近。如:Myschoolisnearmyhome.19.between:表示:在……和……之间。如:DannyisbetweenLiMingandJenny.20.along:表示:沿着……。如:Theyarewalkingalongthestreet.21.like:表示:像……。如:Helookslikehisfather.22.past:表示:经过……(可指时间或地点)。如:tenpastfive(五点过十分)介词专项练习题一、用合适的介词填空:1.JennyandIlive____Canada.2.LiMing’splanearrived____5:00.3.What’s____thebedroom?thestove.thesink.breakfast?achair.thecouch.thecorner?Monday.ourhouse.thebed.the
picture.thebed.(在旁边)Januarytwenty-ninth.Canada?meislaughing.(在……后面)thecamera.19.Let’slook___thewindow.(里面)20.Youwriteane-mail_____acomputer.21.Wheredoyouwriteonapostcard?____theleft.thedesk.(下面)thetree.thenet.ateam.28.Come____thepoolandswim.29.Iwilllie____thebeach.you.thisredpen.32.Pleasecome____Christmas.Canada.acamera.35.It’selevenhours___Beijing.二、根据提示完成句子:.(在树上)在公共汽车站)3.Let’sputourgifts_____.(在树下)在太阳下)(在公园里在夏天).______(在一个雨天).旁边(在草地上).在天空中)9.It’sa_____一张世界地图).(在一月二日)第七节动词一、动词的概念:表示动作、状态、行为等的词叫动词。二、动词的分类:英语中的动词分为连系动词、助动词、情态动词和行为动词(实义动词)四大类。1.连系动词:这类动词通常表示特征、情感、变化等的状态,不可单独作谓语,必须和后面的表语一起构成系表结构,才能充当句子的谓语。常见的连系动词主要有:be(am,is,are),look(看起来),fell(感到),smell(闻起来),become(变成),get(变得)等。如:1.Myfatherisadoctor.2.Thekitelookslikeacat.3.Thehamburgersmellsverydelicious.4.Itgetswarmerandwarmerinspring.2.助动词:这类动词本身无意义,在句子中不能单独作谓语,需要和行为动词一起构成各种时态或语态,并帮助行为动词构成否定句或疑问句。常见的助动词主要有:一般现在时态中的助动词有:do和does。如:(1)Idon’tgotoschoolonSaturdayandSunday.(2)She/Hedoesn’tgotoschoolonSaturdayandSunday.(3)DoyougotoschoolonSunday?(4)DoesshegotoschoolonSunday?(5)Whatdoyoudo?(6)Whatdoesshe/hedo?现在进行时态中的助动词有:be(am,is,are)。如:(1)Iamplayingping-pongnow.(2)She/Heisplayingping-pongnow.(3)Weareplayingping-pongnow.(4)Iamnotplayingping-pongnow.(5)She/Heisn’tplayingping-pongnow.(6)Wearen’tplayingping-pongnow.(7)Areyouplayingping-pongnow?(8)Isshe/heplayingping-pongnow.(9)Whatareyoudoingnow?(10)Whatisshe/he
doing?一般将来时态中的助动词有:begoingto结构中的be(am,isare),will和shall。如:(1)Iamgoingtoswimtomorrow.(2)She/Heisgoingtoswimtomorrow.(3)Wearegoingtoswimtomorrow.(4)Iamnotgoingtoswimtomorrow.(5)She/Heisn’tgoingtoswimtomorrow.(6)Wearen’tgoingtoswimtomorrow.(7)Areyougoingtoswimtomorrow?(8)Isshe/hegoingtoswimtomorrow?(9)Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?(10)Whatisshe/hegoingtodotomorrow?(11)Iwillswimtomorrow.(12)Iwillnotswimtomorrow.(13)Shallweswimtomorrow?(14)Whatwillyoudotomorrow?一般过去时态中的助动词有:did.如:(1)Ididn’tgotoschoolyesterday.(2)Didyougotoschoolyesterday?(3)Whatdidyoudoyeaterday?3.情态动词:这类动词表示说话人的语气和情态,虽然他们有一定的词义,但是在句子中也不能单独作谓语,必须和动词原形一起构成谓语,变成否定句在他们后面加not,变成疑问句把他们提到主语的前面。常见的情态动词有:can/could(能、会);may(可以);must(必须);will/would(愿意);shall/should(应该).如:(1)Icanplaysoccer.(2)MayIhelpyou?(3)Youmustdoyouhomeworknow.(4)Wouldyouliketoplaywithus?(5)Weshouldnotbelateforschool.4.行为动词(实义动词):这类动词表示动作或状态,具有实际的意义,能在句子中独立充当句子的谓语,也叫实义动词。如:say,sing,swim,help,want等。a.行为动词的单数第三人称形式的变化规则:1.一般情况下在动词后加s。如:look-looks,like-likes,live-lives,play-plays2.以s,sh,ch,o结尾的动词后加es。如:pass-passes,wash-washes,brush-brushes,watch-watches,catch-catches,teach-teaches,touch-touches,do-does,go-goes.3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y改为i再加es。如:fly-fliescry-cries但是have的单数第三人称形式是has.b.行为动词的现在分词形式的变化规则:1.一般情况下,直接在动词末尾加ing。如:look-looking,play-playing,sing-singing2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing。如:make-making,leave-leaving,come-coming3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节的动词,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running,stop-stopping,shop-shopping,swim-swimming,skip-skipping4.以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y再加ing。如:lie-lyingc.行为动词的过去式的变化规则:1.一般情况在动词末尾加-ed.如:look-looked,miss-missed,play-played,2.以e结尾的动词直接在词尾加d.如:arrive-arrived,3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节的动词,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped,shop-shopped4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studiedd.不规则的行为动词的过去式:(同学们要逐个记牢!)1.完全不规则:am,is-was,are-were,do-did,go-went,see-saw,say-said,have-had,fly-flew,speak-spoke,buy-bought,bring-brought,think-thought,teach-taught,
eat-ate,lie-lay,can-could,will-would,take-took.2.改变其中的元、辅音字母:give-gave,get-got,forget-forgot,come-came,run-ran,sing-sang,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,ride-rode,swim-swam,shine-shone,grow-grew,find-found,win-won,lose-lost,make-made,know-knew.3.原形和过去式同形:read-read,put-put,hit-hit,hurt-hurt,cost-cost.动词专项练习题一、写出下列动词的相应形式:a.写出下列行为动词的单数第三人称形式(单三式):b.写出下列行为动词的现在分词形式:c.写出下列行为动词的过去式:二、翻译下列动词短语:1.看书2.吃早饭3.看电视4.放风筝5.骑自行车6.做家庭作业7.洗盘子8.刷牙9.冲淋浴10.玩得开心11.旅途愉快12.制表格13.醒来14.穿上15.脱掉16.赶快!17.加油!18.当心/小心!19.努力学习20.做运动21.步行去上学22.去旅行23.接电话24.给某人打电话25.为……做准备26.听收音机27.堆雪人28.赏花29.看起来像30.看比赛三、选择正确的答案:()1.JennyandI_______inCanada.A.livesB.livingC.liveD.lived()2.LiMingis_____toCanada.A.comeB.comingC.comesD.came(agoodtrip?A.haveB.hasC.hadD.having()4.I’ll___youtheroomsinmyhouse.A.showingB.toshowC.showD.shows(yourhandsinthebathroom.A.washesB.washedC.washD.washing(methepeas.A.passingB.topassC.passD.passes(TV.A.towatchB.watchingC.watchesD.watched()8.Jennyusually____asandwichforlunch.A.eatB.ateC.eatsD.eating()9.Howmanylines_____atriangle?A.makeB.makesC.makingD.made()10.Let’s_______atriangleforalways.A.puttingB.putsC.putD.toput()11.Ilike____inthesun.A.sitB.tositC.sitsD.siting()12.Onaholiday,people___walk.A.doesn’tB.don’tC.aren’tD.isn’t(A.bringB.bringsC.broughtD.isbring()14.Iamgoing______toschool.A.walkB.towalkC.walkingD.
walks(A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learns(theballtoJenny.A.hittingB.hitC.hitsD.hiting()17.Theyusually___eachotherasport.A.teachingB.toughtC.teachD.teaches()18.He______basketballforfunonSunday.A.playsB.playC.playingD.played(_tobestrongandhealthy.A.wantedB.wantsC.wantD.wanting()20.Iseesomepeople_____kites.A.flyB.flyingC.toflyD.flies()21.Who___Bob?A.isB.amC.areD.be(cards?A.playingB.playC.playedD.plays(()24.Beforebreakfasthe______hishands.A.washB.washesC.towashD.washed()25.Jennyis______up.A.wakeB.towakeC.wakingD.wakeing()26.SaturdayandSunday_____different.A.isB.amC.areD.be()27.Goodfood____yourbodyhealthy.A.makeB.makesC.tomadeD.making()28.Let’sseehowoftenDanny_____vegetables.A.eatsB.eatC.ateD.eating()29.Lastsummer,we____toalake.A.goB.goesC.wentD.going()30.Iwill______Canada.A.missB.missedC.missesD.missing()31.Beaches______sand.A.haveB.hasC.hadD.having()32.WhatdoyouweartogoA.swimB.swimingC.swimmingD.swims()33.Danny____thebasketballwasheavy.A.sayB.saysC.saidD.saying()34.Whattime_____itbegin?A.doB.isC.doesD.do()35.Let’s______tellhim.A.notB.doesn’tC.don’tD.aren’t()36.Theybegin______cookies.A.makeB.tomakeC.makingD.makes()37.TheplaneforBeijingwill______infifteenminutes.A.leaveB.leavesC.leavingD.toleave()38.It’stimeA.sayB.tosayC.saysD.said()39.Howmuch____thesocks?A.isB.amC.areD.be()40.Cake,cookiesandice-cream_____verygood!A.isB.amC.areD.be第八节动词的时态A.一般现在时态一、一般现在时态的意义:表示习惯性的动作和经常性的事情或表示客观真理。二、一般现在时态的结构:1.谓语动词用连系动词be(am,is,are)表示“是”,主语是单数第一人称时用am,主语是单数第三人称时用is,主语是其他人称时用are.如:Iamastudent.He/Sheisastudent.Weare
students.2.谓语动词是行为动词时,主语是单数第三人称时,谓语动词用单数第三人称形式,主语是其他人称时,谓语动词用用原形形式。如:He/Shelikessinging.I/You/We/Theylikesinging.三、常见的时间状语:always总是,often经常,usually通常,sometimes有时,everyday/week/month/year每天/周/月/,never从来不,threetimesaday,onceaweek。四、行为动词的单数第三人称形式的变化规则:(见第七节)五、各种句型之间的转换:1.若谓语中有连系动词be(am,is,are),变为否定句在连系动词be(am,is,are)后加not,变为一般疑问句把连系动词be(am,is,are)调到句首,主语是第一人称时换成第二人称。如:(1)Iamastudent.→否定句:Iamnotastudent.→一般疑问句:Areyouastudent?Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.(2)She/Heisastudent.→否定句:She/Heisn’tastudent.→一般疑问句:IsShe/Heastudent?Yes,She/Heis.No,She/Heisn’t.2.若句中的谓语动词时行为动词时,变为否定句:主语是单数第三人称,其结构是主语+doesn’t+动词原形。主语是其他人称,其结构是主语+don’t+动词原形。变为一般疑问句:主语是单数第三人称时,借助动词does,把does提到主语前(句首),后跟行为动词的原形;主语是其他人称时,借助动词do,把do提到主语前(句首),后跟行为动词的原形。如:(1)Igotoschoolbybike.→否定句:Idon’tgotoschoolbybike.→一般疑问句:Doyougotoschoolbybike?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.→特殊疑问句:Howdoyougotoschool?(2)She/Hegoestoschoolbybike.→否定句:She/Hedoesn’tgotoschoolbybike.→一般疑问句:DoesShe/Hegotoschoolbybike?Yes,she/hedoesn’t./No,she/hedoesn’t.→特殊疑问句:Howdoesshe/hegotoschool?3.将陈述句变为特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?一般现在时态专项练习一、用连系动词be的适当形式填空。1.I_____astudent.2.They_____children.3.Lynn______Jenny’ssister.4.Red_______myfavouritecolour.5.Myfavouritefood_____noodles.6.Dumplings______delicious.7.Whatday_____it?8.There______somewaterinthebowl.9.There______twelvebottlesofjuice.10.Theweather______windyandcloudy.二、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Weoften___________(play)intheplaygound.2.He_________(get)upatsixo’clock.3.__________you_________(brush)yourteetheverymorning?(do)afterschool?5.JennyandLiMingoften________(buy)somethingsofthestore.6.Mikesometimes__________(go)totheparkwithhissister.7.She__________(watch)TVwithherparentsat8:00atnight.8.________Jenny________(eat)breakfasteveryday?9.Dannyalways_______(think)hecancatchthe
ball.10.-What______you_______(do)aftersupper?-Idomyhomework.三、单项选择()1._____youhaveanybooks?A.DoB.AreC.IsD.Have()2.They_________onafarm.A.workingB.isworkC.workD.isworked()3.-DoesPeterliketowatchTV?-__________.A.Yes,helikeB.No,hedoesn’tC.Yes,he’dlikeD.No,helikes()4.Shedoesn’t__________herhomeworkintheafternoon.A.doingB.todoC.doesD.do()5.How____________LiMing___________toCanada?A.do,goB.is,goC.does,goD.does,goes()6.-Where’smycamera?-I____________it.A.amnotfindingB.amnotseeingC.can’tfindD.can’tlookat()7.-How___________hegotowork?-He___________toworkbybike.A.doesgoB.dogoesC.dogoD.doesgoes()8.-______youusuallyhelpyourmother?-No,_____________.A.Do;IamB.Does;Idon’tC.Do;Idon’tD.Are;Iaren’t()9._____she_____homeatsixeveryday?A.Is,leaveB.Does,leaveC.Is,leavesD.Does,left()10.Mr.Yang____________Englishthisterm.A.teachesourB.teachesusC.teachsusD.teachour四、将下列肯定句变为否定句和一般疑问句。1.IliketowatchTV.→否定句:一般疑问句:_______________________________________________________2.Jennyswimsverywell→.否定句:_______________________________________一般疑问句:_______________________________________________________3.Wefellcoldtoday.→否定句:一般疑问句:_______________________________________________________4.Sheismygoodfriend.→否定句:______________________________________一般疑问句:_______________________________________________________5.TomandIgotothelibraryeverySaturday.→否定句:______________________一般疑问句:_______________________________________________________B.现在进行时态一、现在进行时态的意义:现在进行时态表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间thewindow,open,now.(用现在进行时态连词成句.)就划线部分提问)3.is,who,abook,reading
?(连词成句)就划线部分提问)5.Sheisdrawingapicture.(改成否定句)6.Youaredoingyourhomework.(用“I”作主语改写句子)对划线部分提问)8.Dannyissleeping.(改成一般疑问句)9.Heiscrying.(改为否定句)对划线部分提问)四、单项选择()1.Heisamerryman______redclothes.A.inB.puttingonC.wearingD.having()2.Look!JennyandLiMing_____Mr.Smithdothehousework.A.arewantingB.helpC.arehelpingD.arelooking()3._____aretheydoing?Theyareputtingafilminthecamera.A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.Where(something?A.eatB.eatingC.eattingD.eats()5.你在干什么?A.Whatisyoudoing?B.Whatareyoudo?C.Whatareyoudoing?D.Whatdoyoudo?()6.Whatareyoulistening_____?A./B.forC.atD.to()7.我正在听他说话.A.Ilisteningtohim.B.I’mlisteningtohim.C.I’mlistentohim.D.I’mlisteninghim.()8.Listen!She____intheclassroom.A.issingingB.singC.tosingD.issing()9.TodayDanny______hisshortsandsandals.A.isputtingonB.wearC.putonD.iswearing()10.______areyoueating?I’meating______meat.A.What,someB.Which,anyC.Where,notD.What,a()11.They______TVintheevening.Theydotheirhomework.A.arewatchingB.can’twatchingC.don’twatchD.don’twatching()12.Thechildren_____soccer.A.isplayingB.areplayingC.playtheD.playa()13.Theyareflyingkites.A.他们喜欢放风筝。B.他们在放风筝吗?C.他们在放风筝。D.他们常放风筝。()14.Listen!who______?A.singB.singsC.singingD.issinging()15.-______they________now?-Yes,theyare
sleeping.A.Do,doingB.Are,doingC.Do,doD.Are,doC.一般过去时态一、一般过去时态的意义:一般过去时态表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。二、一般过去时态的构成:主语+动词的过去式+其他成分。三、常见的标记词:常见的时间状语有:yesterday,yesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening,lastweek/month/year,lastsummer,lastSunday,…ago,in+过去的时间等的过去时间状语。四、行为动词的过去式的变化规则:(见第七节)五、各种句型之间的转换:1.若谓语中有连系动词be(was,were),变为否定句在连系动词be(was,were)后加not,变为一般疑问句把连系动词be(was,were)调到句首,主语是第一人称时换成第二人称。如:(1)Iwasathomeyesterday.→否定句:Iwasnotathomeyesterday.→一般疑问句:Wereyouathomeyesterday?Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn’t.(2)She/Hewasathomeyesterday.→否定句:She/Hewasn’tathomeyesterday.→一般疑问句:WasShe/Heathomeyesterday?Yes,She/Hewas.No,She/Hewasn’t.2.若句中的谓语动词时行为动词的过去式时,变为否定句其结构是:主语+didn’t+动词原形。变为一般疑问句:借助动词did,把did提到主语前(句首),后跟行为动词的原形。如:IwenttothestorelastSunday.→否定句:Ididn’tgotothestorelastSunday.→一般疑问句:DidyougotothestorelastSunday?Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.→特殊疑问句:WheredidyougolastSunday?3.将陈述句变为特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?一般过去时态专项练习一、写出下列动词的过去式:eat-__________二、用连系动词be的适当形式填空:1.I_______atschoolthismorning.2.He________intheparklastweek.3.We________studentstenyearsago.4.They________onthefarmyesterday.5.YangLing________elevenyearsoldlastyear.6.There________anappleontheplateyesterday.7.There________somemilkinthefridgelastSunday.8.Thephone_______onthesofayesterdayevening.三、用行为动词的适当形式填空:1.He_________(work)inWuxitwoyearsago.2.Thecat________(eat)abirdlastnight.3.We_______(have)apartylastweek.(teach)metoplayping-ponglastweek.(make)akitewithMikeyesterday.(play)cardsintheclassroomlastnight.(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.(watch)thegame
yesterday.四、句型转换:1.Iwashappy.→否定句:______________________________________________一般疑问句:___________________________肯、否定回答:__________________2.Allthestudentswereverysad.否定句:__________________________________一般疑问句:__________________________肯、否定回答:____________3.IhadfunlastSunday.(变一般疑问句)4.Dannylearnedtoplaybasketballyesterday.(变否定句)对划线部分提问)对划线部分提问)对划线部分提问)D.一般将来时态一、一般将来时态的意义:1.表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。2.表示某人打算、计划或准备在将来某个时间去做某事。二、一般将来时态的构成:1.主语+助动词be(am,is,are)goingto+动词原形+其他成分。2.主语+助动词will+动词原形+其他成分。三、常见的标记词:常见的时间状语有:tomorrow,tomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening,nextweek/month/year,nextsummer,nextSunday,in+将来的时间,in+时间段等的将来时间状语。五、各种句型之间的转换:1.主语+助动词be(am,is,are)goingto+动词原形+其他成分,变为否定句在助动词be(am,is,are)后加not,变为一般疑问句把助动词be(am,is,are)调到句首,主语是第一人称时换成第二人称。如:(1)Iamgoingtobuysomethingtomorrow.→否定句:Iamnotgoingtobuyanythingtomorrow.→一般疑问句:Areyougoingtobuyanythingtomorrow?Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.(2)She/HeisgoingtolearnEnglishtomorrow.→否定句:She/Heisn’tgoingtolearnEnglishtomorrow.→一般疑问句:IsShe/HegoingtolearnEnglishtomorrow?Yes,She/Heis.No,She/Heisn’t.2.主语+助动词will+动词原形+其他成分,变为否定句在助动词will后加not,可缩写为won’t。变为一般疑问句:把助动词will提到主语前(句首)。如:Theywillbuysomethingtomorrow.→否定句:Theywillnot(won’t)buyanythingtomorrow.→一般疑问句:Willtheybuyanythingtomorrow?Yes,theywill./No,theywon’t.→特殊疑问句:Wahtwilltheydotomorrow?3.将陈述句变为特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?一般将来时态专项练习一、填空:1.我打算明天和朋友去放风筝。flykiteswithmyfriends
tomorrow.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我打算去打篮球。-What________you___________________________nextMonday?_____playbasketball.3.你妈妈今天下午去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。_____buysomefruits.4.Dannyisgoingtogoswimming.(改为否定句)→goingtogoswimming.5.I’llgotoschoolbycar.(改为否定句)→gotoschoolbycar.6.I’mgoingtowakeupat6:30tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)→_______________________towakeupat6:30tomorrow?7.Wewillwalktothebusstop.(改一般疑问句)→_______________walktothebusstop?对划线部分提问)→_____afterschool?同上)→_____goingtogoonatriptotheocean?10.EveryonewilllearnEnglish.(同义句)→English.二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Todayisasunnyday.We___________________(fly)ourkitesthisafternoon.2.LiMing_______________(go)homenextweek.3.Tomoften________(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrainy.(go)toschoolbybike.4.-WhatdoyouusuallydoonSundays?-Iusually__________(watch)TV,butI(learn)EnglishthisSunday.5.It’sFridaytoday.What_____she_________(do)tomorrow?She______________(watch)TV.6.-What___________(do)youdolastSunday?-I____________(pick)theflowersinthepark.you(do)nextSunday?-I_____________(go)swimming.7.Mary____________(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.8.LiuTao____________(lie)onthegrassand______(look)atthecloudsintheparkyesterday.(have)asurpriseforLiMingnextMonday.10.I________________(learn)Englishtomorrowmorning.第三章句子句子是由词按一定的语法结构组成的,能表达一个完整的概念的语言单位。句子开头的第一个字母必须大写。小学阶段要求主要掌握四种句子—陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。第一节:陈述句概念:是用来说明一件事情,提出一个看法,或是表达一种心情。分为肯定句陈述句和否定句陈述句两种类型。一:肯定句的几种句式:1.主语+be(am/is/are/was/were)+名词或形容词。Iamastudent.Sheisstrong
andhealthy.2.主语+have/has动词+其他成分。Ihaveagift.Hehasastamp.3.主语+情态动词+动词原形+其他成分。Dannycanflyakite.4.主语+行为动词(原形/单三)+其他成分。Ioftenwalktoschool.Jennyeatsbreakfastfivetimesaweek.5.主语+行为动词的过去式+其他成分。WewenttothegymwithDannythismorning.二:否定句的形式:1.主语+be(am/is/are/was/were)+not+名词或形容词。Iamnotastudent.Sheisnotstrongandhealthy.2.主语+情态动词+not+动词原形+其他成分。Dannycannotflyakite.3.主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形+其他成分。Ioftendon’twalktoschool.Jennydoesn’teatbreakfastfivetimesaweek.4.主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他成分。Wedidn’tgotothegymwithDannythismorning.三、肯定句改为否定句的方法:(见动词时态中的句型转换)四、常见的否定式的缩略形式:isnot→isn’tarenot→aren’twasnot→wasn’twerenot→weren’tdonot→don’tdoesnot→doesn’tdidnot→didn’twillnot→won’tcannot→can’twouldnot→wouldn’tmustnot→mustn’thavenot→haven’thasnot→hasn’t陈述句专项练习一、按要求完成句子:1.Therearetwenty–fourhoursaday.(改为否定句2.Bobisagoodbasketballplayer.(改为否定句3.Shedoesherhomeworkbeforesupper.(改为否定句4.Hedoesn’tlikeplayingsoccer.(改为肯定句5.JennycanteachLiMingtoplaybasketball.(改为否定句)6.Iwillgotothezoobybus.(改为否定句7.LiMingboughtgiftsforDannyandJenny.(改为否定句)二、选择填空:(manypeopleinthestreet.A.HaveB.HasC.ThereareD.Thereis()2.There24studentsinourclass.A.isB.areC.haveD.has()3.Bob’steamisbasketballthisevening.A.playB.playsC.playingD.toplay()4.Hetheballinthenet.A.putsB.putC.puttingD.putting()5.HeresomebooksaboutChina.A.isB.areC.beD.am()6.Danny
peas.A.don’tlikeB.don’tlikesC.isn’tlikeD.doesn’tlike()7.JennyfromCanada.A.comesB.comeC.areD.coming()8.LiMimgonthegrass.A.lieB.islieC.islyingD.lay()9.Iwillsomeflowersformymother.A.picksB.pickC.topickD.picking()10.EveryonegoingtolearnEnglish.A.areB.beC.amD.is三、连词成句:1.is,someone,at,there,door,the(.)2.eat,I,once,year,a,cabbage.(.)3.hour,make,an,minutes,sixty(.)4.weren’t,at,we,yesterday,home(.)5.no,I,sisters,have(.)四、翻译下列句子:1.我是一个学生,我的妈妈是一名教师。2.在北京冬天既冷又有雪。3.我们星期六,日不去上学。4.在夏天我喜欢游泳。5.一年有四个季节。它们是春,夏,秋,冬。第二节:疑问句疑问句有一般问句,特殊疑问句,选择问句和反意疑问句四种。一般疑问句的基本结构为:连系动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他成分或助动词+主语+行为动词+其他成分。回答时要用yes或no来简略回答。如:Doyoulikeapples?-Yes,Ido.(No,Idon’t)AreyoufromChina?-Yes,Iam.(No,I’mnot。)肯定句变为一般疑问句的方法:有连系动词be或情态动词,把它提前,谓语动词是行为动词时,一般现在时借助动词do/does,在do/does后加not,后跟动词原形,一般现在时借助动词did,在did后加not,后跟动词原形。特殊疑问句:特殊疑问句是对句子某一部分提出问题,句子以特殊疑问词开头,回答时要根据具体情况进行回答。其结构形式是:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。常见的特殊疑问词有::what,which,who,where,whose,when,why,how,howold,howmany,howmuch,howoften,howlong,howfar.-Whendoesyourplaneleave?-At4;00-Howmucharetheseballs?-Theyaretendollars.选择疑问句:选择疑问句是提出两个或两个以上供对方选择回答的文句。结构形式是:一般问句+A+or+B?如:-IsDannystrongorweak?-Heisweak.疑问句专项练习一、选择适当的答语:()1.Whatisyoursister’sname?A.Three.()2.Whatdoyoudo?B.Playsoccer.()3.DoyoulikethisT-shirtorthatT-shirt?C.HernameisZhen.()4.Isthisballheavy?D.Yes,I
did.()5.Whatsportsdoyouplay?E.No,Iwill.()6.Howoftendoyoutakeashower?F.Forty-sixyearsold.()7.Willyouhelpyoumotherathome?G..Iamateacher.()8.Didyouhaveagoodtime?H.ThisT-shirt.()9.Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?I.Yes,Itis.()10.Howoldisyourfather?J.Onceaweek.二、选择正确的答案:()1.-Howyou?-I’mfine.A.amB.isC.areD.be()2.-Whatareyoudoing?-.A.Iamsing.B.Iamsinging.C.Iamsang.D.Isinging()3.-Wouldyoulikesomedumplings?-.A.YesB.NoC.yes,please.D.Iwant.(isyourhair?-Myhairisbrown.A.WhatcolourB.WhatC.HowD.Howcolour(isthepants?-They’re20yuan.A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.WhatD.Howfar(isthefirstdayofaweek.A.SundayB.MondayC.TuesdayD.Friday()7.Christmasaspecialholiday.A.amB.isC.areD.be(Dannyknowtherightanswer?A.DoB.DoesC.AreD.Is(minutesmakeanhour?-Sixty.A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.HowlongD.Howoften()10.Theretwopensandapencilinthepencilbox.A.isB.areC.wereD.be三、连词成句(注意大小写及标点):1.picture,adrawing,is,he(.)四、按要求完成句子:1.Theseareoranges.(变单数句2.IliveinChina.(变否定句划线部分提问4.Thisisabathtub.(用asink变选择问句5.DoyoulikeCanada?(做出否定回答6.LiMing’划线部分提问划线部分提问8.Theywillridetheirbikes.(变一般问句9.Iboughtapairofrunnersforhim.(变否定句10.Kimworkshard.(变一般问句第三节:祈使句和感叹句a.祈使句:1.祈使句主要是表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等的句子。祈使句分为肯定句祈使句和否定祈使句。肯定句祈使句:动词原形+其他成分。如:Standup.
起立.否定句祈使句:Don’t+动词原形+其他成分。如:Don’tbelate!2.在祈使句中加上please,可使其变得较为客气和礼貌.Sitdown,please.Openthedoor,please.3.表示建议时,祈使句常用Let’s开头.如:Let’sgohome.Let’s开头的祈使句,否定形式是:Let’snot+动词原形。Let’snotgohome.4.表示禁止时,也可用no来表示,No+动名词。如:Nosomking!禁止吸烟!Noparking!禁止停车!b.感叹句:感叹句用来表示说话时的较为强烈的感情。如:喜,怒,哀,乐等1.感叹句的结构:感叹词What/How+被强调的部分。如:Whatacold,snowyday!Hownicethegirlis!2.感叹句的句型:(1)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语部分。如:Howfastsheruns!Howsunnyitis!(2)What+名词+主语+谓语部分。如:Whatabeautifulfloweritis!祈使句和感叹句专项练习一.选择填空:(easyexerciseitis!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Whata(ahot,sunnyday!A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Howa(playbasketballtogether.A.LetmeB.Let’sC.LetID.Letus(worry!It’snothard.A.NotB.NoC.Don’tD.Doesn’t(thewindow.A.LookingoutB.LookoutC.TolookD.Looksout二、用what或how改为感叹句:1.________fineweathertodayis!2.______tallsheis!3._______bigthegardenis!4.________abeautifulfloweritis!5.________agoodgirlthisis!三、按要求改变句型:1.Thisbookisveryinteresting.(改为感叹句)2.Pleaseopenyourbooks.(改为否定句)3.Herunveryfast.(改为感叹句)4.Showmethatpicture.(改为否定句)5.Belate.(改为否定句)附表一:冀教版教材中所学名词分类汇总记忆表学习用品类:pen(钢笔),pencil(铅笔),book(书),eraser(橡皮),ruler(尺子),pencil-case(铅笔盒),marker(彩笔),bag(书包),glue(胶水),scissors(剪刀),paper(纸),sharpener(卷笔刀).教室房间名称类:house(房子),apartment(公寓),room(房间),bedroom(卧室),livingroom(客厅),kitchen(厨房),bathroom(卫生间).家用物品类:bed(床),television=TV(电视),table(桌子),telephone(电话),computer(电脑),refrigerator=fridge(电冰箱),closet(衣橱),dresser(床头柜),lamp(台灯),sofa(沙发),couch(长沙发),camera(照相机),cup(茶杯),glass(玻璃杯),bowl(碗),dish(盘子),chopsticks(筷子),spoon(勺子),fork(叉子),towel(毛巾),sink(水槽),stove(炉子),toilet(马桶),shower(淋浴器),bathtub(浴盆),brush(刷子),toothbrush(牙刷),umbrella(雨伞).交通工具类:bus(公共汽车),car(小汽车),truck(大卡车),bicycle=bike(自行车),train(火车),airplane=plane(飞机),ship(轮船),boat(小船),taxi(出租车),cab(出租小汽车).人体部位类:body(身体),head(头),hair(头发),eye(眼睛),ear(耳朵),nose(鼻子),mouth(嘴),face(脸),neck(脖子),shoulder(肩膀),arm(胳膊),elbow(胳膊肘),hand(手),finger(手指),stomach(肚子),leg(腿),knee(膝盖),foot(脚)→复数feet,toe(脚趾).动物名称类:cat(猫),dog(狗),pig(猪),
duck(鸭子),goose(鹅)→复数geese,bird(鸟),chicken(母鸡),chick(小鸡),cock(公鸡),bee(蜜蜂),butterfly(蝴蝶),cow(奶牛),horse(马),rabbit(兔子),monkey(猴子),panda(熊猫),tiger(老虎),lion(狮子),bear(熊),elephant(大象),donkey(驴),snake(蛇),frog(青蛙),fish(鱼),sheep(绵羊),goat(山羊),fox(狐狸),wolf(狼),mouse(老鼠)→复数mice,zebra(斑马),camel(骆驼),deer(鹿),giraffe(长颈鹿),kangaroo(袋鼠).水果名称类:apple(苹果),banana(香蕉),pear(梨子),peach(桃子),orange(桔子),grape(葡萄),strawberry(草莓),melon(瓜),watermelon(西瓜),pineapple(菠萝),mango(芒果),coconut(椰子).食品名称类:bread(面包),egg(鸡蛋),hamburger(汉堡包),sandwich(三明治),hotdog(热狗),icecream(冰激凌),cake(蛋糕),cookies(饼干),pizza(比萨饼),donut(面包圈),toast(烤面包),jam(果酱),noodles(面条),dumplings(饺子),rice(米饭),soup(汤),Frenchfries(炸薯条),sausage(香肠),beef(牛肉),mutton(羊肉),fish(鱼肉),pork(猪肉),chicken(鸡肉).蔬菜名称类:cabbage(卷心菜),onion(洋葱),carrot(胡萝卜),pea(豌豆),eggplant(茄子),tomato(西红柿),potato(土豆),beans(豆子).饮料名称类:juice(果汁),milk(牛奶),pop(汽水),coffee(咖啡),coke(可乐),tea(茶),water(水).家庭成员类:grandfather(祖父/外祖父),grandmother(祖母/外祖母),grandpa(爷爷/姥爷),grandma(奶奶/姥姥),father(父亲),dad(爸爸),mother(母亲),mum/mom(妈妈),brother(兄/弟),sister(姐/妹),uncle(伯/叔/舅/姑/姨父),aunt(伯/婶/舅/姑/姨母),cousin(堂/表兄弟姐妹).职业名称类:doctor(医生),nurse(护士),teacher(老师),worker(工人),driver(司机),farmer(农民),policeman(警察),pupil(小学生),student(中学生),clerk(职员),businessman(男商人),businesswoman(女商人),waiter(男服务员),waitress(女服务员),cashier(收银员),writer(作家),singer(歌手),actor(演员),dancer(舞蹈演员).服装名称类:blouse(男衬衫),shirt(女衬衫),T-shirt(T恤衫),skirt(短裙),dress(连衣裙),jacket(夹克衫),cap(太阳帽),hat(礼帽),coat(大衣),sweater(毛衣),pants(长裤),shorts(短裤),jeans(牛仔裤),sock(袜子),shoe(鞋子),sandals(露趾凉鞋),mittens=mitts(连指手套),gloves(分指手套),scarf(围巾),raincoat(雨衣),swimsuit(游泳衣).球类名称类:basketball(篮球),football(足球),volleyball(排球),tennis(网球),ping-pong=tabletennis(乒乓球),badminton(羽毛球),baseball(棒球).方位名称类:east(东方),west(西方),north(北方),south(南方).公共场所类:park(公园),library(图书馆),gym(体育馆),shop(商店),store(商场),cinema=movietheatre(电影院),restaurant(餐馆),market(市场),hotel(宾馆).一日三餐类:breakfast(早餐),lunch(午餐),supper=dinner(晚餐).季节名称类:season(季节),winter(冬季),spring(春季),summer(夏季),fall=autumn(秋季).星期名称类:week(周),Sunday(星期日),Monday(星期一),Tuesday(星期二),Wednesday(星期三),Thursday(星期四),Friday(星期五),Saturday(星期六).月份名称类:month(月),January(一月),February(二月),March(三月),April(四月),May(五月),June(六月),July(七月),August(八月),September(九月),October(十月),November(十一月),December(十二月).图形名称类:shape(图形、形状),line(直线),circle(圆形),square(方形),triangle(三角形).节日名称类:NewYear’sDay(新年、元旦),SpringFestival(春节),Women’sDay(妇女节),Internationalworkers’Day=MayDay(国际劳动节),Children’sDay(儿童节),Teachers’Day(教师节),NationalDay(国庆节),Christmas
Day(圣诞节).附表二:冀教版教材中所学动词短语汇总记忆表1.playbasketball(打篮球)2.playping-pong(打乒乓球)3.playsoccer(踢足球)4.like…best(最喜欢…)5.teachsb.todosth.(教某人做某事)6.wouldliketodosth.(愿意做某事)7.gotothestore(去商场)8.asksb.forhelp(请求某人提供帮助)9.Excuseme.(打扰了!)10.bereadytodosth.(准备做某事)11.wanttodosth.(想做某事)12.havefun=haveagoodtime(过得愉快/玩得开心)13.watchsb.dosth.(看某人做某事)14.arriveat(到达)15.havefundoingsth.(做某事开心)16.yellfor(为…..大声呼喊)17.buysth.forsb.(给某人买某物)18.playhard(打地努力)19.throwthebasketball(扔篮球)20.catchthebasketball(接住篮球)21.eatbreakfas=havebreakfast(吃早饭)22.eatlunch=havelunch(吃午餐)23.eatsupper=havesupper(吃晚餐)24.begoingtodosth.(打算/准备去做某事)25.eatporridge(喝粥)26.wakeup(醒来)27.brushone’steeth(刷牙)28.gotoschool(去上学)29.puton(穿上)30.washone’shands(洗手)31.washone’sface(洗脸)32.atschool(在学校)33.combone’shair(梳头)34.workhard(努力工作)35.answerquestions(回答问题)36.doone’shomework(做家庭作业)37.takeashower(冲淋浴)38.takeabath(洗澡)39.makesb.dosth.(使某人做某事)40.Watchout!(小心!)41.makeachart(制表格)42.playsports(做运动)43.asksomequestions(问些问题)44.rideabike=ridebikes(骑自行车)45.walktoschool=gotoschoolonfoot(步行去学校)46.have/hasto(必须/不得不)47.listentosb.(听某人讲/说)48.cleantheroom(打扫房间)49.helpyourfamily(帮助你的家人)50.drythedishes(擦干盘子)51.makelunch(做午饭)52.washclothes(洗衣服)53.readabook=readbooks(读书)54.watchTV(看电视)55.lookat(看)56.jumpin(跳进)57.liketodosth.(喜欢做某事)58.flyakite/flykites(放风筝)59.lookattheflowers(赏花)60.lieonthegrass(躺在草地上)61.takeoff(脱掉)62.watchthebirdsfly(观看鸟飞)63.invitesb.todosth.(邀请某人做某事)64.standup(站起来)65.Hurryup!(赶快!)66.needtodosth.(需要做某事)67.comein(进来)68.gotothepark(去公园)69.looklike(看起来像)70.runinto(撞上)71.likedoingsth.(喜爱做某事)72.likeswimming(喜爱游泳)73.learnEnglish(学英语)74.teachEnglish(教英语)75.drivethecartoschool(开车去学校)76.listentotheradio(听收音机)77.goonatrip/goontrips(去旅行)78.flyhome/comebackhomebyplane(乘飞机回家)79.sayhellotosb.(向某人问好)80.callsb.onthephone(给某人打电话)81.walkslowly(走得慢)82.walkquickly(走得快)83.playcards(打牌)84.arrivein(到达)85.goforawalk(散步)86.walkdownthestreet(沿着街走)87.takeapicture=takepictures(拍照)88.goshopping(购物)89.getwet(变湿)90.be/getreadyfor(为……做好准备)91.makeasnowman=makesnowmen(堆雪人)92.Lookout!(小心)93.walkforwards/backwards(向前走/向后走)94.turnaround(转圈)95.alldown(摔倒)96.flowersbloom(花开)97.Comeon(过来/加油!)98.blow…off(把……从……上吹落))99.lookoutthewindow(朝窗子外面看)100.goinside(进来)101.gooutside(出去)102.putup(装扮)103.sendacard/sendcards(寄贺卡)104.singasong/singsongs(唱歌)105.bringgifts(带来礼物)106.walktothepark(步行去公园)107.eateggs(吃鸡蛋)108.bringtoys(带来玩具)109.help
sb.withsth.(某人做某事)110.Christmasgifts(圣诞礼物)附表三:冀教版教材中所学过的不规则动词的过去式分类记忆表a.完全不规则:am,is-was,are-were,do/does-did,go-went,see-saw,say-said,have/has-had,fly-flew,speak-spoke,buy-bought,bring-brought,think-thought,teach-taught,eat-ate,lie-lay,can-could,will-would.b.改变其中的元、辅音字母:give-gave,get-got,forget-forgot,come-came,run-ran,sing-sang,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,ride-rode,swim-swam,shine-shone,find-found,win-won,lose-lost,make-made.c.原形和过去式同形:read-read,put-put,hit-hit,hurt-hurt,cost-cost.附表四:冀教版教材中所学的对应词和反义词汇总记忆表boy(男孩)-girl(女孩),man(男士)-woman(妇女),brother(兄弟)-sister(姐妹),father(父亲)-mother(母亲),dad(爸爸)-mum(妈妈),grandfather(祖父)-grandmother(祖母),uncle(叔叔)-aunt(婶婶),husband(丈夫)-wife(妻子),day(白天)-night(夜晚),morning(早上)-afternoon(下午),east(东方)-west(西方),north(北方)-south(南方),big(大的)-small(小的),old(旧的)-new(新的),old(老的)-young(少的),tall(高的)-short(矮的),long(长的)-short(短的),left(左面)-right(右面),wrong(错误的)-right(正确的),black(黑色的)-white(白色的),good(好的)-bad(坏的),happy(高兴地)-sad(悲伤的),dirty(脏的)-clean(干净的),heavy(重的)-light(轻的),hungry(饥饿的)-full(饱的),cold(冷的)-hot(热的),warm(温暖的)-cool(凉爽的),fat(胖的)-thin(瘦的),dry(干的)-wet(湿的),hard(难的)-easy(容易得),quiet(安静的)-loud(大声的),quick(快的)-slow(慢的),far(远的)-near(近的),high(高的)-low(低的),strong(强壮的)-weak(虚弱的),healthy(健康的)-sick(有病的),different(不同的)-same(相同的),expensive(昂贵的)-cheap(便宜的),here(这儿)-there(那儿),late(迟的)-early(早的),first(首先)-finnally(最后),always(总是)-never(从来不),inside(里面)-outside(外面),up(向上)-down(向下),quickly(快地)-slowly(慢地),quietly(安静地)-loudly(大声地),well(好)-badly(坏),fast(快的、快地)-slow(慢的)/slowly(慢地),this(这个)-that(那个),these(这些)-those(那些),come(来)-go(去),yes(是)-no(不是),stand(站)-sit(坐),open(打开)-close(关上),ask(问)-answer(答),borrow(借来)-lend(借出),bring(带来)-take(带走),buy(买)-sell(卖),cry(哭)-laugh(笑),teach(教)-learn(学),better(更好)-worse(更坏),before(在……之前)-after(在……之后),above(在……以上)-below(在……以下).附表五:冀教版教材中所学的同音词汇总记忆表buy(买)-by(乘……)-bye(再见),two(二)-too(也)-to(到)I(我)-eye(眼睛),four(四)-for(为了),hi(嘿)-high(高),know(知道)-no(不),hear(听见)-here(这儿),their(他们的)-there(那儿),meet(碰见)-meat(肉),sun(太阳)-son(儿子),see(看见)-sea(大海),hour(小时)-our(我们的),write(写)-right(右面的/正确的),weak(虚弱的)-week(周),new(新的)-knew(know的过去式),one(一)-won(win的过去式),aren’t(are和not的缩写)-aunt(婶/舅/姑/姨母),its(它的)-it’s(it和is的缩写),Miss(小姐)-miss(想念),May(五月)-may(可以).附表六:冀教版教材中常用交际用语汇总记忆表问候:Hi!Hello!Goodmorning/afternoon/evening!Nicetomeetyou!Nicetomeetyou,too.A:Howareyou?B:Fine,thankyou./Verywell,thankyou.介绍:Mynameis____./Iamastudent./I’mfromCanada./Thisis
______.告别:Good-bye!/Bye!/Bye-bye!Goodnight!Seeyoulater/tomorrow!感谢:-Thankyou(verymuch)/Thanksalot.-That’sOK./That’sAllright./Youarewelcome./Notatall.道歉:-Sorry./Iamsorry.-That’sOK./It’sallright.邀请:-Wouldyouliketogoforawalk?/Will/Wouldyoucometomybirthdayparty?-Sure./No,thanks.请求允许:-MayIgoonatriptoBeijing?-Yes,youmay./No,youmaynot./Sure./Certainly.-CanIuseyourpencil?-Ofcourse,youcan.祝愿与祝贺:Havealovelyday!/Goodluck!/HappyNewYear!/MerryChristmas!You,too./Thesametoyou.-Happybirthday!-Thankyou.约会:A:Wouldyouliketoplaywithmethisafternoon?B:Yes.When?A:At12:00.B:Seeyouthen.打电话:A:Hello!MayIspeaktoMr.Wood?B:Yes,justamoment,please.A:Hello!IsKimthere?B:No/Sorry,canItakeamessage.就医:A:What’sthematter?/What’swrongwithyou?B:Ihurtmyfinger.Ihaveaheadache/stomachache.就餐:A:Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?B:Yes.Iwouldlikericeandchicken.A:Whatwouldyoulike?B:Iwouldlikesometea.A:Wouldyoulikesomemoredumplings?B:Yes,please./No,thanks/thankyou.A:MayIhavesomemoresoup?B:It’sdelicious.Sure/OK.购物:A:Can/May/Ihelpyou?B:Yes.Iwanttobuyadress,please.A:Hereyouare.B:MayItryiton?A:Ok/Sure.B:It’stoobig/small.A:Thisoneisjustright.B:Howmuchisit/arethey?A:Onehundredyuan/dollars.B:It’stooexpensive./It’sverycheap.ButIlikeit.I’lltakeit.问路:A:Excuseme.Doyouknowwhereisthe________?B:Yes.Gostraightdownthestreet.Turnleft/turnright.提供帮助:A:CanIhelpyou?/MayIhelpyou?B:Yes,please./No,thanks.询问对方姓名:A:What’syourname?B:Mynameis____.A:What’shis/hername?B:His/hernameis___.A:Whoareyou?B:I’m_____.询问在那儿:A:Whereisthebook?B:Itisonthedesk.A:WhereisJenny?B:SheisbehindDanny.询问是什么:A:Whatisit?B:Itisamarker.询问颜色:A:Whatcolouristhesweater?B:Itisblack.询问时间:A:Whattimeisit?B:It’sseven.A:WhenisTeachers’Day?B:It’sonSeptembertenth.询问地址和住址:A:Whereareyoufrom?B:I’mfromCanada.A:What’syouraddress?B:Myaddressis111ParkRoad.A:Wheredoyoulive?B:Iliveinanapartment.询问日期:A:Whatdayistoday?B:It’sMonday.A:Whatdayistomorrow?B:It’
sTuesday.A:Whatdaywasyesterday?B:ItwasSunday.A:What’sthedate?B:It’sOctober19th.询问对方正做什么:A:Whatareyoudoing?B:I’mwritingingaletter.A:Whatishe/shedoing?B:He/sheisplaying.A:Whataretheydoing?B:TheyarelearningEnglish.询问对方做过些什么:A:Whatdidyoudo?B:Iwenttothegym.A:Whatdidtheydo?B:Theyplayedbasketball.询问对方将要做什么:A:Whatwillyoudo?B:Iwillflyakite.A:Whatishegoingtodo?B:HeisgoingtolearnEnglish.询问对方最喜欢的事物:A:What’syourfavouritecolour/food/fruit/shape/season?B:Myfavouritecolouriswhite.询问数量:A:Howmanypencilsdoyouhave?B:Ihave10pencils.A:Howmanybirdscanyousee?B:Icansee20birds.A:Howmanydaysarethereinaweek?B:Therearesevendaysinaweek.询问价钱:A:Howmuchisthescarf?B:Twentyyuan.A:Howmucharetherunners?B:Theyarethirtydollars.谈论天气气温:A:How’stheweathertoday?B:It’ssunny/cloudy/windy/snowy.A:What’sthetemperature?B:It’s_______degrees.询问年龄:A:Howoldareyou?B:I’mfourteenyearsold.A:Howoldisshe/he?B:He/Sheistwenty.询问身高:A:Howtallareyou?B:I’m1.6metrestall.A:Howtallisshe/he?B:She/heis1.7metrestall.询问事情发生的频率:A:Howoftendoyouplaybasketball?B:Aboutonceaweek.A:Howoftendoesmymothercleanmybedroom?B:Twiceaday.询问事情距离长短:A:Howlongisthetrip?B:AbouttwohourstoBeijing.A:Howlongdoeshegotoschooladay?B:Eighthours.询问路程的远近:A:HowfarisitfromheretoBeijing?B:It’sonehundredkiliometres.询问对方感觉怎么样:A:Howdoyoufeel?B:Ifeelsad.询问对方是谁,问谁在做些什么?A:Whoisthis?B:Thisisaman.A:Whoistalking?B:Dannyistalking.询问东西是谁的:A:Whosehatisthis?B:Thisismyhat/mine.询问原因:A:Iliketoeatvegetables.Why?B:Becauseit’sgoodforyourhealth.冀教英语第五册重难点总结Lesson1重点单词:Fathermotherbrothersistergrandfathergrandmother重点句型:Ihave___/Idon’thave____.olderthanyoungerthanLesson2重点单词:Auntuncle
cousin重点句型:____has____.语法:第三人称单数Lesson3重点单词:Glassesgray重点句型:TallerthanshorterthanLesson4重点单词:Businessmandoctorteacherclerk重点句型:He/sheisa_____.Howdoyougotowork?By___.Lesson5重点词组:PlaycheckersgoforawalkreadanewspaperreadbooksworkonthecomputerwatchTVplayping-pong(知道这些词是词组,并了解汉意)重点句型:Iliketo_____.She/helikesto_______.Lesson6重点句型:I/wegotothe_____to______.Lesson9重点单词:mapcountrynorthsoutheastwest重点句型:____point____.Lesson10重点单词:ChinaChinesespeakcapitalcityLesson11重点单词:CanadaEnglishknowLesson12重点单词:TheUSEnglish重点句型:Doyouknow___?Yes,Iknow./No,Idon’tknow.Lesson13重点单词:TheUKLesson14重点单词:Australia由于这单元接触的全都是国家,因此,每课要求学生掌握的trips/goonatrip.Iwant____tocome,too.Iwanttogoshopping.Lesson18重点句型:MayIgoto____?Yes,youmay./No,youmaynot.Lesson19重点单词:comegoinvite重点句型:Iwant____tocomeonourtripto____.MayIinvite_____?Lesson20重点单词:到10,000的数字,about重点句型:Howfarisitfrom____to____?It’sabout_____.Lesson21重点单词:airplanetrainbusfastslow重点句型:FasterthanslowerthanLesson22重点单词:arriveleave重点句型:Arrivein/at,leaveforWhendoyou_____arrive/leave?第四单元Lesson25重点单词:clothesjacket
ticket重点句型:Weneedticketsfrom____to_____.Doesheneed______?Lesson26重点单词:thisthatthesethose重点句型:Ilike____/Idon’tlike____.Lesson27重点单词:packingmy/your/his/hersuitcase重点句型:Whatareyoudoing?I’mpackingmysuitcase.Howmany____doyouhave?语法:myyourhisherLesson28重点句型:My__________lost.Canyoufindmy____?Lesson29重点单词:jumprunwalk重点句型:Don’tjump/run/walk.From___to____Lesson30重点单词:sitstand重点句型:Don’tsit/stand.重点写作:a.MyFamilyb.MyFavouriteCountryc.AGoodTripd.WhatDoYouNeedForaTrip?e.列表:各个国家的首都、位置、语言、国旗、著名景点等。(可作为填表题)冀教版小学英语第六册知识重点总结第1课重点单词:lookseepoint重点语法:look与see的区别。重点句型:Look!Isee______.(会写)Pleasedon’t_______.(会写)Areyouhavingfun?Iamhavingfun.(搭配)第2课重点单词:loudquietsleepdraw重点语法:现在进行时第3课重点单词:manwomanbaby初步渗透三个单词的复数。重点句子:Thismanisonthetrain.(填空)Whoisit?It’s____.(填空)Whois___ing?It’s____.(搭配)
选读本课第二部分内容.第4课重点单词:some重点语法:不可数名词:teawaterpopmilk重点句子:1.Whoisthirsty?It’s_____.(填空)2.Wouldyoulikeaglassofmilk,please?Yes,please./No,thankyou.(搭配)第5课重点单词:quick重点语法:不可数名词:soupfruit以及some的用法。重点句子:1.Whoishungry?It’s_____.(填空)2.Whatwouldyoulike?Iwouldlikesomefruit,please.(搭配)第6课重点单词:now重点语法:现在进行时写作:Talkaboutwhatyoucansee,whatyoucanhearandwhatyoucandoonthetrain.(注:本单元多次出现现在进行时,要求学生把握现在进行进的基本结构,并能够变化人称和系动词。尤其是Whatareyoudoing?Iam___ing.//Whatishe/shedoing?He/Sheis___ing.)第9课重点语法:1.不规则名词单数变复数man—menwoman—womenchild—childrenpeople—people2.Thisisa_____,one____.(会写)Theseare______,many____.(会写)重点句子:Whoistiredandhungry?Everyoneistiredandhungry.(搭配)第10课重点单词:slowlyquickly重点语法:形容词变副词,及它们之间的区别和运用。(填空)第11课重点单词:louldlyquietlyeasyhard重点语法:形容词变副词,及它们之间的区别和运用。(填空)CanJennyflyakite?Yes,thisiseasy./No,thisishard.(搭配)第12课重点单词:camerapicturehelphurt重点句子:My___hurts./Ihurtmy___.(连词成句)深刻理解第二部分。(阅读)第13课重点句子:MayItakeyourpicture?Yes,please./No,thanks.(会写)第14课重点单词:everyone重点句子:Iwanttobuygiftsformyfamily.(连词成句)Everyonewantstogoshopping.(连词成句)写作:Talkabouta
picture.Lesson17:重点单词:postcard,lettere-mail.重点句子:Iwanttosendthispostcardto_____.(单项选择send„to„)Howmuchis/are____?____yuan.Howmuchfora/this_____?_____yuan.(要求学生选择或搭配.)Lesson18:重点单词:bottom,top,left,right以及下一课的corner会看图在正确的位置写下这些单词。知道在哪儿写日期,在哪儿写地址,在哪儿写名字。(给出地址、日期等会放到到信封的正确位置。)Lesson19:重点单词:envelopecorner重点短语:turnleftturnrightgostright(看图会选择正确短语)让学生熟练把握书信的格式并根据提示和要求写简单的书信。Lesson20:重点单词:send重点句子:whereareyousendingyourletter/postcard?I’msendingitto_________.(会搭配)本课第二部分可作为排序练习。要求学生背熟。Lesson21:重点单词:stamp重点句子:WheredoIputthestamp?Inthetop,rightcorner.(搭配)Lesson22:重点单词:computerLesson23:欣赏歌曲Lesson25:重点单词:walkedlookedtalkedplayedmissedwanted重点句子:This/Itisforyou.(会写)Didyouhaveagoodtrip?Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.(搭配)重点语法:规则动词的过去式的基本形式---动词后加ed。本课第二部分可作为排序,要求学生会背。Lesson26:重点单词:不规则动词的过去式:eat–atesee—sawgo—wenthave—had重点句子:Didyoumissme?Yes,Imissedyou.(搭配)Lesson27:重点句子:Whathapped?Ifell.Ihurtmynose.(搭配)Lesson28:重点句子:Thisis___atthe____.(连词成句)Lesson29:重点单词:gift重点句子:Hereisthegiftforyou.(连词成句)Lesson30:本课复习书信的写法和动词的过去式。第四册Lesson1重点句型:1.---Howare
you?---Fine,thanks.并且了解其他回答方式。如:Iamfine,thanks.或者I’mfine,thanks.2.了解Nicetomeetyou.Nicetomeetyou,too!(会搭配)建议第二部分内容熟读,并且尝试背诵。Lesson2重点单词:heshehishermyyour熟练把握几个人称代词及物主代词的用法。重点句型:----What’syourname?---Mynameis____.Lesson3重点单词:blackboardchalkpencil重点句型:---Whatisit?---It’s____简单了解单数句子Thisis„复数句子Theseare„.的用法,因为在三单元19课要具体介绍,并且知道胶水glue和粉笔chalk是不可数名词。第二部分课文熟读。Lesson4重点单词:eraserpaper(明确知道是不可数名词)重点句型:---Whereisit?---It’s_____熟练背熟第二部分内容。Lesson5重点单词:一到一百的数字重点句型:---Howmany(名词复数)doIhave?---数字。(会搭配)Lesson6重点单词:classroomgymlibrary重点句型:--WhereisJenny?--Jennyisintheclassroom.(能听懂会搭配)语法知识:简单介绍现在进行时。Lesson9重点单词:十二个月份的读音及拼写。并且会按照顺序排列十二个月份。重点句型:1.Canyousaythemonthsoftheyear?了解句子的含义。2.---What’sthedatetoday?---Itis月份序数词。(了解日期的写法,能搭配)Lesson10重点单词:序数词知道序数词是用来描述次序的,在英文中用序数词来表日期。星期的单词,能够按顺序排列,并且知道每一天是一周中的第几天。重点句型:---Whatdayisit?---It’s星期,日期。(知道星期和日期之间要用逗号隔开)Lesson11重点单词:yesterday,todaytomorrow重点句型:---Whenisit?---Itis____.第一部分内容熟读,了解各个节日的英文表达法。第二部分内容强化。Lesson
12熟悉单词:suncloudrainwindsnowLesson13重点单词:cloudyrainysnowysunnywindy重点句型:---How’stheweathertoday?---It’s____.语法知识:了解有关天气的形容词都是在名词后面加上“y”.“sunny”除外。Lesson14练习句型:---Whattimeisit?----It’s____重点学习整点与半点的表达。整点用o’clock.---Whenisbreakfast/lunch/supper?---At___inthemorning/afternoon/evening.语法知识:知道时间前用atLesson17重点句型:1.---Howoldareyou?---I’m___yearsold.(会写)了解句型:2.---Whenisyourbirthday?---Mybirthdayis____(会回答,会搭配。)Lesson18反义词:short---tall(会读,会搭配)重点句型:---Howtallareyou?(会替换人称问答)---I’m____metrestall.语法知识:1.会表达小数。2.了解tall和short在两者比较时用taller和shorter.Lesson19重点单词:jeans(与pants一起介绍两个单词都是复数)重点句型:1.单数句:Thisis__./Hereis___.2.复数句:Theseare___./Theyare___.3.---Whatareyouwearing?---I’mwearing__.(会搭配)语法知识:会区分单数名词与复数名词。()Lesson20重点单词:apartmenthouse重点词组:ahouseanapartmentfarfrom重点句型:---Wheredoyoulive?---Ilivein______语法知识:简单了解a和an的用法课文处理:背诵课文第二部分的内容。(排序)Lesson21重点单词:roadstreetavenueaddress(强调名词复数的读音)重点句型:--Whatisyouraddress?--Myaddressis___.留意:简单了解road,street,avenue之间的区别(查一下)区分以下两个句子的不同回答:1.Wheredoyoulive?Ilivein____.2.Whatisyouraddress?Myaddressis____.Lesson
22重点单词:bus熟悉单词和词组:bywalkdriverideonfoot了解句型:---Howdoyougotoschool?---By_____.(会口头回答)Lesson25重点单词:whitepinkorangepurplebrownblackgreenourtheirtheywe反义词:same—different(会搭配)重点句型:1.---What’syourfavouritecolour?---Myfavouritecolouris_____.或者Ilike___(会搭配)2.Welikethesamecolour.(了解the与same连用)Lesson26重点单词:andbut重点句型:Idon’tlike___(强化练习)语法知识:1.知道and和but的不同用法。2.简单了解too与either用法上的区别,too用在肯定句中,either用在否定句。3.简单了解favourite前放her,your,his,our,my,their等物主代词。建议:26课课文全篇背诵。会排序Lesson27熟练表达以下句子:1.Wehavebreakfastinthemorning.2.Wehavelunchintheafternoon.3.Wehavesupperintheevening.重点句型:---What’syourfavouritefood?---Ilike_____.(会搭配)Lesson28了解单词:dessert以及cakeicecreamcookies第二部分课文熟读Lesson29了解动词play的词组playbasketball,playping-pong,playwithtoys,playonthecomputer,playwithdoll.playgames,(会看图搭配。)重点句型:---Whatdoyouliketodo?---Iliketo____语法知识:了解liketo后边放动词或动词词组。Lesson30重点单词:readwrite了解动词词组:drawpictures,writestories,readbooks,singsongs(会看图搭配)了解句型:---What’syourfavouriteschoolwork?---Iliketo___(会搭配)Lesson31:会说歌谣小学阶段不规则动词全表InfinitivePasttenseInfinitivePasttense1.am,iswas2.keep3.arewere4.let5.becomebecame6.make7.beginbegan8.meet9.bitebit10.put11.blowblew12.read13.buybought14.ride
15.catchcaught16.run17.comecame18.say19.costcost20.see21.cutcut22.sing23.digdug24.sit25.dodid26.sleep27.drawdrew28.speak29.drinkdrank30.sweepsw31.eatate32.take33.fallfell34.teacht35.feedfed36.tell37.feelfelt38.think39.flyflew40.throw41.forgetforgot42.understand43.getgot44.give45.wakewoke46.go47.wearwore48.grow49.winwon50.have/has51.writewrote52.knowkeptletmademetputreadroderansaidsawsangsatsleptspokeepttookaughttoldthoughtthrewunderstoodgavewentgrewhadknew小学英语语法大全第一章名词一、定义名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。二、分类1.名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如:johnisastudentstudent是普通名词,john是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an,定冠词the或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。2.普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。3.
专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。三、名词的数1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词——可以数的名词不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)drink?milkteawaterorangejuicecokecoffeeporridgefood?ricebreadmeatfishfruitcakedumplings2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式many+可数名词复数much/alittle+不可数名词some,any,alotof(lotsof)两者都可以修饰。3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰不可数名词数词+量词+of+名词对可数名词的数量提问用howmany对不可数名词的数量提问用howmuch4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:1)some,much,alittle,alotof,abitof,plentyof用等表示多少。注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plentyof,some,alotof,lotsof,mostof等。如thereismuchwaterinthebottle.瓶中有很多水。i’lltellyoumuchgoodnews.我要告诉你许多好消息。weshouldcollectsomeusefulinformation我们应该收集一些有用的消息。2)用单位词表示。用a...of表示。如acupof(一杯......),abottleof(一瓶......)apieceof(一张......),apairofshoes(一双鞋)如twocupsoftea(两杯茶),fivepiecesofpaper(五张纸)注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式;千、百等数词与名词加用,表示复数时,数词仍保持单数,名词变复数。如twohundredstudents(200名学生)tenthousandtrees(10000棵树)测试点hecaughtalotoffish他抓到了许多鱼(此处为许多条鱼,fish的复数仍为fish或fishes)=hecaughtalotoffishes.thepaperisaboutsomefresh-waterfishes.这篇论文是有关几种淡水鱼的。(此处fish表示不同种类的鱼,加复数词尾-es)5、可数名词分为单数和复数。名词单数就是该词本身,在其前面加a或an。1)单数如adesk(一张桌子)anolddesk(一张旧书桌)2)复数:要表示一个以上概念时,要用名词复数形式规则变化1)一般情况下加-s如book--books(书)desk--desks(书桌)2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-es如box--boxes(盒子)bus--buses(公共汽车)注意①以th结尾加-s,month--months②
stomach--stomachs3)以辅音字母+结尾,变y为i再加-es。如city--cities(城市)country--countries(国家)注意以元音+y,直接加s。如:day--days(天),boy--boys(男孩)4)以f或fe结尾,复数变f或fe为v再加-es如knife-knives(书),half-halves(一半)(thief,wife,life,shelf,knife,leaf,self,half,wolf)注意①有少数词后直接加s,如roof-roofs(屋顶)5)以o结尾(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮)potato-potatoes(土豆)(2)元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s如piano-pianos(钢琴),zoo-zoos(动物园)photo-photos(照片),kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)kilo-kilos(千克)注意zero两种方式都可:zero-zeros或zeroes(零)不规则变化1)元音字母发变化。如man--men(男人),woman--women(妇女)tooth--teeth(牙齿),foot--feet(脚)mouse--mice(老鼠),policeman--policemen(警察)policewoman--policewomen(女警察)2)词尾发生变化。如child--children(小孩),ox--oxen(公牛)3)单、复数形式相同。如fish--fish(鱼),sheep--sheep(绵羊),deer--deer(鹿),chinese--chinese(中国人),yuan--yuan(元),jinn--jinn(斤)注意不说anenglish,要说anenglishman.①fish作鱼肉讲时不可数,没有复数。②fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。4)形似单数,实为复数意义。如people(人,人们)thesepeople(不说apeople,可说aperson)police(公安,警察)tenpolice(不说apolice,可说apoliceman)5)由man和woman构成的合成名词,变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。如amandriver-mendrivers(男司机)awomandoctor-womendoctors(女医生)6)合成名词变为复数时,通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。如passer-by-passers-by(过路人)busdriver-bus
drivers(汽车司机)注意如果没有主体名词,就在最后一词上加-s。如:grown-up-grown-ups(成年人)letter-box-letter-boxes(信箱)注意①hair和fruit通常作单数,表示总体。若表示若干根头发或若干种水果,则需用这两个词的复数形式。如wouldyoulikesomemorefruit?你要不要再吃点水果?weboughtalotoffruitfromthemarket.我们从市场上买了许多水果,chinahassomegoodfrits.中国有一些好的水果。(指种类)shehasafewwhitehairs.她有几要白头发。hisblackhairisgoingwhite.他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。注意②wind,snow和rain这类词,有时也可以有复数形式,表示多次的风、雪或雨。注意以boy和girl开头的复合名词变成复数时,一般只把后一名词变成复数。如boystudent-boystudents(男学生)girlfriend--girlfriends(女朋友)7)有些名词只有作复数。如scissors(剪刀)apairofscissors(一把剪刀)trousers(裤子)shorts(短裤)jeans(工装裤)compasses(两脚规)scales(天平)sunglasses(太阳镜)surroundings(环境)savings(储蓄)writings(作品)名词+man(woman)构成的复合名词,其复数形式通常与简单名词一样,即把man(woman)改成men(women)。如englishman--englishmen(英国人)frenchwoman--frenchwomen(法国妇女)注意german不是复合词,它的复数是germans。四、名词的所有格有些名词的可以加来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词的形式称为该名词的所有格。如mary’sfather(玛丽的父亲)jim’smother(吉姆的母亲)与所有格相对来看,不带这种词尾的形式就称为普通格。1.名词所有格的构成法1)单数名词词尾加’s复数名词词尾如没有s,也要加’s。如tom’sknife(汤姆的小刀)children’sbooks(儿童书籍)2)表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人名字后加,如果表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后加。如jimandmike’sroom吉姆和麦克(共用)的房间jim’sandmike’srooms吉姆和麦克(各自)的房间3)若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加"’"即可。如thestudents’reading-room(学生阅览室)everyoneneedstohaveatleasteighthours’sleepanight.每个人每晚需要至少8小时的睡眠。(新目标英语九年级)注意①所有格的读音和名词复数的读音一样。②名词所有格主要用于表示有生命东西(特别是人或高级动物)的名词。如thisisawoman’swork.这是女人干的工作。thisisagirls’school.
这是一所女子学校。4)以-s结尾的专有名词,构成所有格仍然加’s,或只加’,但读音都是/iz/。如mrjones’s(mrjones’)book(琼斯先生的书)keats’works(济慈的作品)(1)表示时间和距离的名词。如whereistoday’snewspaper?今天的报纸在哪儿?anhour’swalkisn’tfar.一小时的路程不远。(1)有些无生命东西的名词,如国家,城市季节,太阳,月亮,大地,江河,海洋,船等名词也可用’s,表示所有关系。如china’spopulation(中国人口)thecity’slife(城市生活)注意在表示店铺或某人家时,为避免重复(因前面已提到),名词所有格后面可省略它所修饰的名词。myuncle’s(我叔叔家),thedoctor’s(医生的诊所)2.短语所有格有生命的名词,我们用’s结构来表示所有关系,如果是无生命的,我们就要用"名词+of+名词"的结构来表示。thewindowofthehouse(这间房子的窗户)注意当’s所有格用来表示事物类别或属性时不可用of所有格。如:男式鞋应是men’s,而不是shoesofmen。3.of+名词所有格of+名词所有称为双重所有格,使用时要注意以下几项。1)表示部分时,前面的词一定要有a,an,some,any,few,two,no,several(几个)之类有修饰语,不能是one和the。如可说:abookofmybrother’s我兄弟的一本书不说:booksofmybrother’s或bookofmybrother’s.2)当带有感情色彩时,可用the,this,that,these,those于名词前。如theprettydaughterofyoursister’s你姐姐的漂亮的女儿didyoureadthatbookofluxun’s?你读过鲁迅的那本书吗?3)of前面的名词不能是专有名词。如不说:thisisjohnofhisuncle’s.4)of后面的名词必须是特定的。如thesebooksofmyfriend’saregood我朋友的这些书很好。5)of后面的名词必须是指人的名词。比较不说itisaleafofthetree’s.apictureofmyfather指的是爸爸本人的照片。注意of所有格和双重所有格有时可以交替使用,意义无甚区别。如afriendofmybrother→afriendofmybrother’s测试点acarofbetty’scars,不可换为acarofbetty.。jim’sandtom’sfathersareinthesameofficenow.吉姆的父亲的汤姆父亲目前在同一办公室。常用口诀表示民族的名词顺口溜(1)“中、日、瑞”友好是一致。(2)“英、法”联盟a变e。(3)其他一律加s
即chinese,japanese单复数同形;englishman,frenchman的复数为englishmen,frenchmen;其他像german,american,australian等的复数形式是在后面加“s”。o结尾的名词顺口溜1)有生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时,词尾加es,凡无生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时,词尾加s。有生命:potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,hero-heroes,negro--negroes如无生命:zoo-zoos,radio-radios,photo-photos,piano-pianos,zero-zeros,bamboo(竹竿)--bamboos,tobacco(烟丝)--tobaccos1)2)两人两菜一火山。(+es)小学—中学课本中以o结尾的名词构成复数时,加es的只有negro(黑人),hero(英雄),potato(土豆),tomato(西红杮),volcano(火山),这就是“两人两菜一火山”。或:黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿egroesandheroeseattomatoesandpotatoes)2)其余以o结尾的名词变复数时均加s。图景:你在“zoo”里,看见一要“bamboo”,上面挂着一张“photo”,所照的是一架“piano”,上面放着一台“radio”。zoo-zoos,bamboo-bamboos,photo-photospiano-pianos,radio-radios.f、fe结尾的顺口溜(1)以f(e)结尾的名词变为复数时,有的把f(e)改为v(e)再加s,其他的以“f(e)”结尾的名词则直接加“s”。妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。wife(妻子),knife(刀子),wolf(狼)thief(小偷),shelf(架子),life(生命)leaf(树叶),self(自己),half(一半),这9个名词变复数时,都要改“f(e)”为“ve”再加“s”。(2)以f结尾的名词,一般把把f改为ves,但也有特殊情况是直接加-s的,如gulf,roof,chief,serf,belief,proof,handkerchief。编成口诀联想:海湾边、屋顶上,首领农仆相望;谁说他们无信仰,语气定在手帕上巧记不规则名词单变复男女脚步牙鹅,老鼠加虱婆。man-men;woman-women;foot-feet;tooth-teeth;goose-geese;mouse-mice;louse-lice.第二章冠词一、定义冠词是一种虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面(相当于名词的帽子),帮助指明名词的含义。二、分类共3类:定冠词(thedefinitearticle),不定冠词(theindefinitearticle)、零冠词(zeroarticle)。三、用法1、定冠词的用法a、an与数词one同源,是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前,而an则用于元音音素前。(1)
表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用,表示一个。igavehimabookyesterday.我昨天给了他一本书iamreadinganinterestingstory.我在读一则有趣的故事。(2)表示人或事物的某一种类,强调整体,即以其中的一个代表一类。ahorseisusefultomankind.马对人类有用。(3)不定冠词用在事物的"单位"前,如时间,速度,价格等意义的名词之前,表示"每一"。weoftengotoschooltwotimesaday.我们常常一天两次去学校。iwenttothelibraryonceaweekatleast.(4)不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。aboycametoseeyouamomentago.刚才有一个小孩来找你。(5)在序数词前表示"又一;再一"时。如:iwanttoreadthestoryasecondtime我想再读一遍这篇小说。(6)表示不特定的"某一个"时。如:amr.smithiscallingonthephone.有一位史密斯先生来电话找你。(7)在特定的短语里表示特定的含义,与不可数名词连用,如:haveagoodtime过得高兴(8)一日三餐前有修饰语时。如:-mum,whatshallwehaveforlunch?-jiaozi.-oh,whatawonderfullunch!ienjoyitverymuch.(9)在形容词最高级前表示"非常"时。如:lessonnineisamostdifficultlesson,butitisn’tthemostdifficultone.(10)不定冠词用于某些词组中。alittle/afew/alot/atypeof/apile/agreatmany/manya/asarule/inahurry/inaminute/inaword/inashortwhile/afterawhile/haveacold/haveatry/keepaneyeon/allofasudden2.定冠词的用法定冠词the与指示代词this,that,these,those同源,有"那(这)个""这(那)些"的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。以下为必须加定冠词的情形:(1)在表示双方都明白的人或物的名词之前:takethemedicine.把药吃了。(2)在上文提到过的人或事的名称之前:heboughtahouse.i’vebeentothehouse.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。(3)在指世上独一无二的事物的名词之前:thesun,thesky,themoon,theearth(4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:thefoxiscunning.狐狸是狡猾的。(5)与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:therich富人;theliving生者。(6)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面:wheredoyoulive?iliveonthesecondfloor.
你住在哪?我住在二层。that’stheverythingthatineed那正是我需要的东西。(7)在表示"...世纪...年代"的结构之前hebegantolearnrussianinthe1950s.他在20实际50年代开始学俄语。但注意:inone’s50s意为"在某人五十多岁时"。如:helookedquitehealthythoughhewasinhis80s.(8)在比较级的两种句型中:①表示"越......,就越......"时。如:thelighter,thebetter.越轻越好。②表示"两者中比较......"时,用定冠词。如:therearetwobooksonthetable.ilikethethickerone.(9)用在"动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位名称"的结构中(注意:介词常用in/on/by)。如:theballhitmeontheback.球打中了他的头。(10)在表示"计量单位"的可数名词前(注意:介词用by)。如:theworkersarepaidbythehour/day/month.按月付给工人工资.(11)用在某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前:thegreatwall(长城),thepeople’spark(人民公园)等。thepeople’srepublicofchina中华人民共和国theunitedstates美国(12)用在表示乐器的名词之前:sheplaysthepiano.她会弹钢琴.thelittlegirllikestoplaytheviolin.小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。(13)定冠词用在文艺活动,运动场所的名称前。theyaregoingtothecinematonight.他们今晚要去影院看电影。(14)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:thegreens格林一家人(或格林夫妇)(15)在方位名词之前,如:inthewestonthewest蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀羇腿蒃螂膂蒈蒂袄羅莄薁羇膁芀薁蚆羄膆薀蝿腿膂蕿羁羂蒁薈蚁芇莇薇螃肀芃薆袅芆腿薅羈肈蒇蚅蚇袁莃蚄螀肇艿蚃袂袀芅蚂蚁膅膁蚁螄羈蒀蚀袆膃莆虿羈羆节虿蚈膂膈螈螀羄蒆螇袃膀莂螆肅羃莈螅螅芈芄莂袇肁膀莁罿芇葿莀虿聿莅荿螁芅芁蒈袄肈膇蒇羆袀蒅蒇蚆肆蒁蒆袈衿莇蒅羀膄芃蒄蚀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