高考英语语法专题复习课件-动词v-ing 58页

高考英语《语法》专题复习系列课件 《动词ing》 1.我看见那个男孩在吃苹果.Isawtheboyeatinganapple.2.在树下坐着的那女孩是我姐姐.Thegirlsittingunderthetreeismysister.3.学习对现代生活很重要Learningisimportanttomodernlife动词ing形式表示:1.主动;进行2.泛指,没有特别时间意义或习惯性长期性动作构成:V-ing形式由“do＋ing”构成，其否定形式:“notdoing”,V-ing是可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。 语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone动词-ing形式的分一般式和完成式:1.一般式:表示这个的动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时发生.2.完成式:强调这个的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前完成.如:他们有说有笑地走出教室Theywentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.由于已经在这个城市住了三年,她对它非常了解.Havinglivedinthiscityforthreeyears,sheknowsitverywell. 观察句子，找特点．１.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。Swimmingisherfavoritesport.２.我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。Irememberedsendinghimane-maillastweek.３.他们住在一所朝南的房子里。Theylivedinahousefacingsouth.４.我看见那个男孩在吃苹果．Isawtheboyeatinganapple.5.她的工作是保持房间干净Herjobiskeepingtheroomclean.6.由于已经在这个城市住了三年,她对它非常了解.Havinglivedinthiscityforthreeyears,sheknowsitverywell.主语定语宾语表语状语宾语补足语不定式v-ing形式312564 A动词-ing形式作主语1动词-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语。百闻不如一见。Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve.2为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。争论这事是浪费时间。It"sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.必　背动词-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。It‘snogoodtalkingtohim.和他谈话是没有用的。Itisuselesstelephoninghim.Heisnotwillingtocome.给他打电话没用。他不愿意来。It‘sworthmakinganeffort.努力一下是值得的。Thereisnosayingwhenitwillstopraining.无法断定这场雨什么时候会停。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。 B动词-ing形式作表语1表示主语的内容Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。2表示主语具有的特征(动词ing相当一个形容词）Theproblemisquitepuzzling.这个问题很令困惑。1.Herworkis______(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis______(go)toTsinghuaUniversity.3.Oneofmybadhabitis______(bite)nails（指甲）. C动词-ing形式作宾语动词-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。1能用动词-ing形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类，一类是只能用动词-ing形式作宾语，另一类是既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语。①只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词(这类动词只能用-ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语。)Fancymeetingyouhere!想不到在这儿见到你了！Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.建议用另一种方法做这件事。 2）动名词在“Itisuseless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile等形容词+doing”结构中作主语。例如：Itisniceplayingchessaftersupper.3）动名词在“Thereis(was)no+doing”结构中作主语。例如：Thereisnodenyingthatsheisveryefficient. 只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词：建议冒险去献身，忍受期待不停顿；放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成；注意原谅避反对，考虑要求不自禁；允许习惯不介意，价值开始想动名。 必　背只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：admit承认appreciate感激avoid避免putoff推迟keep保持consider考虑delay耽搁dislike嫌恶resist抵制mention提及enjoy喜欢escape避免excuse原谅practice练习mind介意fancy想不到feellike意欲finish完成risk冒险include包括forgive原谅giveup放弃suggest建议miss逃过imagine设想cannothelp情不自禁 ②既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语这类动词虽然既能用-ing形式作宾语，也能用不定式作宾语，但用法并不相同，主要有以下几种情况：☆有些动词，如attempt,continue,hate,intend,like,love,prefer等，后面接动词-ing形式或不定式区别不是很大。Theypreferspending/tospendtheirsummervacationinDalian.他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。Iintendtobuy/buyinganEnglish-Chinesedictionary.我想买一本英汉词典。提　示应尽量避免接连出现两上动词-ing形式。IamstartingtolearnRussian.我开始学俄语。避免说leaveoff：IamstartinglearningRussian.我开始学俄语。 1.Hewasinlowspiritsandevenconsider_____(go)away.2.Practise_____(put)yourhandtotheground.3.Ican’thelp______(have)thetriptoBritain.4.Don’ttellmeyoualwaysescape_____(fine)becauseyouhaveafastsportscar.5.Leaveoff______(bite)yournails!6.Hedidn’tfeellike______(work),sohesuggested_____(spend)thedayinthegarden.7.Youcertainlymustn’tmiss_______(see)thewonderfulfilm.goingputtinghavingbeingfinedbitingworkingspendingseeing 8.Thedoctoradvised______(stay)longerinhospital.9.Weappreciateyour______(want)______(help)usinourdifficulties.10.Michaelhasdelayed______(write)tohertilltoday.11.Thelawforbids______(sell)liquortochildren.12.Theyallsuggested______(give)morechances.13.Canyouimagine______(leave)standingoutsideforawholenight.14.Theybuiltthebankstopreventtheareafrom______(flood).ss8.Thedoctoradvised______(stay)longerinhospital.9.Weappreciateyour______(want)______(help)usinourdifficulties.10.Michaelhasdelayed______(write)tohertilltoday.11.Thelawforbids______(sell)liquortochildren.12.Theyallsuggested______(give)morechances.13.Canyouimagine______(leave)standingoutsideforawholenight.14.Theybuiltthebankstopreventtheareafrom______(flood).s8.Thedoctoradvised______(stay)longerinhospital.9.Weappreciateyour______(want)______(help)usinourdifficulties.10.Michaelhasdelayed______(write)tohertilltoday.11.Thelawforbids______(sell)liquortochildren.12.Theyallsuggested______(give)morechances.13.Canyouimagine______(leave)standingoutsideforawholenight.14.Theybuiltthebankstopreventtheareafrom______(flood).s8.Thedoctoradvised______(stay)longerinhospital.9.Weappreciateyour______(want)______(help)usinourdifficulties.10.Michaelhasdelayed______(write)tohertilltoday.11.Thelawforbids______(sell)liquortochildren.12.Theyallsuggested______(give)morechances.13.Canyouimagine______(leave)standingoutsideforawholenight.14.Theybuiltthebankstopreventtheareafrom______(flood).s9.Weappreciateyour______(want)______(help)usinourdifficulties.8.Thedoctoradvised______(stay)longerinhospital.10.Michaelhasdelayed______(write)tohertilltoday.11.Thelawforbids______(sell)liquortochildren.12.Theyallsuggested______(give)morechances.13.Canyouimagine______(leave)standingoutsideforawholenight.14.Theybuiltthebankstopreventtheareafrom___________(flood).tohelpstayingwantingwritingsellinggivingleavingbeingflooded D动词-ing形式作宾语补足语1.感官动词(see,hear,notice,watch,feel,smell,lookat,listento,observe…)/find等词+sb+doingsthWeheardthechildrenshoutingupstairs.我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。Ifeltmyheartbeatingviolently.我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。2.感官动词(see,hear,notice,watch,feel,smell,lookat,listento,observe)+sb+dosth(用动词原形时，表示动作的全过程.)Hesawagirlgettingonthebus.他看见一个女孩在上公共汽车。Hesawagirlgetonthebusanddriveoff.他看见一个女孩上公共汽车后开走了。 3have,get,leave,keep,set,catch(等表示“致使”的动词)+sb/sth+doingsth(作宾补）Theyshouldnotleaveuswonderingwhattheywilldonext.他们不应该不让我们知道他们下一步要做什么。Iwon‘thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.我们让火整夜燃烧着。点　拨；如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用不定式来表示，不用动词-ing形式。Isawhimentertheroomsitdownandlightacigarette.我看见他走进房间，坐了下来，点燃了一根香烟。 E动词-ing形式作定语1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。areadingroom =aroomwhichisusedforreadingrunningshoes=shoesforrunningaworkingmethod =amethodofworking②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。developingcountries=countriesthataredeveloping发展中国家anordinary-lookinghouse=ahousethatlooksordinary看起来很普通的房子apuzzlingproblem=aproblemthatpuzzlessomebody困扰人的问题阅览室跑鞋工作方法 3.-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。 2作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。Theylivedinahousefacingsouth.他们住在一所朝南的房子里。3某些情况下，动词-ing形式不能用来作定语，必须用定语从句。①作定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。【误】Theprofessorcominghereyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.【正】Theprofessorwhocamehereyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。 ②动词-ing形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。【误】Thetemplehavingbeendestroyedbytheearthquakewillberebuiltsoon.正】Thetemplewhichhasbeendestroyedbytheearthquakewillberebuiltsoon.被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。 2.作状语可以表示时间,原因,结果,条件,行为方式或伴随动作等,-ing形式作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.条件 2.作状语可以表示时间,原因,结果,条件,行为方式或伴随动作等,-ing形式作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.条件 3.-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。 F动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。1表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。(=Afterwehavemadefullpreparations...)2表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Beingill,hedidn"tgotoschoolyesterday.由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(=Sincehewasill...) 3表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.=andlefthimalotofmoney.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱.4表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。Workinghardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons...如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。5表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.=Althoughtheyknewallthis...尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 e.g.________areply,hedecidedtowriteasixthletter.A.NotreceivingB.NottoreceiveC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceivede.g.Havingfinishedmyhomework,IwenttowatchTV.C解析没收信的动作发生在决定写信这一动作之前所以应该用havingdone;此题又是表否定含义，分词的否定式为notdoing/nothavingdone;故选c6表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。Helayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.=...andstaredattheskyforalongtime他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。 2.作状语可以表示时间,原因,结果,条件,行为方式或伴随动作等,-ing形式作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.条件 -ing形式-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作定语和状语的用法Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake解析AHerushedtothetrainstation,only____thetrainhadgone.A.findingB.foundC.findsD.tofindD 解析Makingitthepopularsportintheworld为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,v-ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed 2.作状语可以表示时间,原因,结果,条件,行为方式或伴随动作等,-ing形式作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.条件 动词-ing形式的逻辑主语A作主语的动词-ing形式动词-ing形式作主语时，其逻辑主语对于谈话双方是不言而喻的。Readingaloudisveryhelpful.朗读是很有好处的。(Readingaloud的逻辑主语是泛指任何人，因而无需表达出来)点　拨:如果作主语的动词-ing形式需要自己的逻辑主语时，一般用物主代词或名词所有格(即名词后加‘s)Hisfather’sfallingillworriedhimgreatly.他父亲生病使他很着急。(hisfather是fallingill的逻辑主语) B作表语的动词-ing形式动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。Whatworriesmemostisherstayingtoolateeverynight.(stayingtoolateeverynight的逻辑主语是her)C作定语的动词-ing形式动词-ing形式作定语时，其逻辑主语就是它修饰的名词。aninterestingbook一本有意思的书=abookthatinterestsitsreadersarunningstream一条奔流的小溪=astreamthatisrunning 如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者，就要用-ing形式的被动式。正在北京召开的会议非常重要。Themeeting_________(hold)inBeijingnowisofgreatimportance(themeeting和“举行”之间的关系是被动的，同时此动作正在进行，所以用beingheld)beingheld ______(see)fromthemountain,wecanseetheriverrunningthroughthecity.Iamlookingforwardto_______(see)youagain.Theboywasluckyenoughtoescape___________(punish)Iapologizetoyoufor___________(tell)youthetruthimmediately.It’snouse________(try)tomakemebelieveyou.Thegirl________(sit)underthattreeismysister.______(lose)hernewbicyclemadeMarysoupset.______________(receive)areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.Ismellsomething_______(burn)tinthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?(2007全国卷）Tom’s_______(attend)themeetingmadeeveryonethereveryhappy.Theteacheraskedme_________(hand)inmyhomework.Wedon’tallow__________(smoke),soyoumustgotothesmokingroom.Wedon’tallowyou__________(smoke)here.Nobodyareallowed___________(smoke)here.SeeingseeingbeingpunishednottellingtryingsitingLosingNothavingreceivedburningattendingtohandsmokingtosmoketosmoke 1.SinceIdon’tknowheraddress,Ican’tgetintouchwithher..3.Theycameintotheroomandtheyweresinginganddancing.4.Whensheheardthenews,shecouldn’thelplaughing.5.Afterheclosedthewindows,hewenthome.6.Whenwehadfinishedthework,wewentouttoplay.7.Iftheweatherpermits,we’llgooutonanouting.8.ThatSamcametoschoollatemadehisteacherquiteangry.Task:changethefollowingsentencesintosimpleones.Notknowingheraddress,Theycameintotheroom,singinganddancing.Hearingthenews,she……Havingclosedthewindows,……Havingfinishedthework,we……Weatherpermitting,……Sam’scomingtoschoollatemadehisteacherquiteangry 用正确形式填空Itisnouse______(do)whatyoulike,youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.2Thetradegyoflifedoesn’tlieinnot______(reach)yourgoal.Thetradegyliesin_____(have)nogoaltoreach.3Agewrinklesthebody.______(quit)onyourdreamswrinklesyoursoul.4Itwastwoweeksaftersheturnedeighteen.Alldressedinwhite,_____(go)tothechruch.Shehadhisboxoflettersinthepassengerseat.somethingblue.Whenthechurchdoorsopened,sheputherveildown,____(try)tohidethetears.doingreachinghavingquittinggoingtrying 短文填空SouthGermancityhadanunexpectedwarmchristmasEveonMonday,withthehightemerature_______(reach)20.7degreecelsiums.IthasneverbeensowarmonchristmasEve.Itistoowarmforthetime_____(be)oftheyear;Somepartsnowarefacingfloods,becauseofcontinousrainand_______(melt)snowduetothewarmweather.reachingbeingmelting 直击高考1Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather_______(permit)2Tonylentmethememory,____(hope)thatI’ddoasmuchforhim.3Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,____(leave)thebreakfastuntouched.4_____(stand)inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyanewIpad.5Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand_______(correct)them.6Pressedfromhisparents,_______(realize)thathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.permittinghopingleavingstandingcorrectingrealizing Goodbye 8)与逻辑主语构成独立主格：Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyheard.我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。Timepermitting,we’lldoanothertwoexercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。 Timepermitting,Iwillpayavisittothewholecity.(分词的逻辑主语是time,而句子的主语是I,两者不构成主谓关系,所以只能用独立主格结构,也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。) 有时也可用with(without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.他点着灯睡着了。 Iwon’thaveyoudoingthat.Thissetmethinking.这使我深思。I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Ican’tgettheclockgoingagain.我修不好那块表了。Youwon’tcatchmedoingthatagain.你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。 3.see,hear,feel,watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：Wepassedbytheclassmatesandsawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验）①前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如: Wesatanhourandwatchedtheteachermaketheexperiment.我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）②如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定式短语表示一次动作，而-ing形式则表示反复动作。如：Weheardthedoorslam.Weheardthedoorslamming.(反复动作)(一次动作) 三、-ing形式作表语-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。如：Herhobbyispainting.她的业余爱好是画画。Myjobislookingafterthechildren.我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。 2.表语:表主语所具有的特征.Thefoodsmellsinviting.Thestoryisverytouching.常这样用的分词有:amusing,charming,encouraging,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,exciting,puzzling,astonishing,refreshing,shocking,striking,surprising,etc. Hisconcernforhismotherismosttouching.他对母亲的关爱很感人。Shewasverypleasinginherappearance. 4.动名词的复合结构动名词的前面可以带上自己的逻辑主语构成动名词的复合结构.物主代词,如his,my；人称代词如him,me名词所有格，如Tom’s;名词普通格如TomDoyoumindmy/mesmokinghere?Iinsistedonmyhusband/husband’spayingthebill.Thesoundofdesksbeingopenedandclosedcouldbeheardoutinthestreet.Hesuggestedsomebodytakingoverthejob. １动词的-ving形式的一般式表示动作和谓语动词同时（或几乎同时）发生．Hearingthenews,sheburstoutcrying.Notknowingwhattodo，hewenttotheteacherforhelp.2.动词的ing形式的完成式表示动作先于谓语动词发生Havinglivedtherefordozensofyears,heknowsthecitywell.Nothavingreceivedtheirletter,hedecidedtowriteanotherone.． １动词的-ving形式的一般式表示动作和谓语动词同时（或几乎同时）发生．Hearingthenews,sheburstoutcrying.Notknowingwhattodo，hewenttotheteacherforhelp.2.动词的ing形式的完成式表示动作先于谓语动词发生Havinglivedtherefordozensofyears,heknowsthecitywell.Nothavingreceivedtheirletter,hedecidedtowriteanotherone.． 注意：动名词的复合结构作句子主语时，则通常使用名词的所有格或物主代词．Mary’scominglatemadeherteacherangry.Hisnotbeingabletocomeisdisappointing. 3.动词ing形式的被动式表示动作对于逻辑主语而言在意义上是被动的.Iwouldliketohavealookattheanimalbeingoperatedon.Havingbeeninvitedbythestudents,hegavethematalkonhistory. 3.动词ing形式的被动式表示动作对于逻辑主语而言在意义上是被动的.Iwouldliketohavealookattheanimalbeingoperatedon.Havingbeeninvitedbythestudents,hegavethematalkonhistory. 注意:动名词的被动语态是跟在动词和介词后面的.eg.HerememberedbeingtakentoBeijingattheageoften.Theyattendedthemeetingwithoutbeinginvited.Wewereallexcitedforhavingbeenpraised. 注意:动名词的被动语态是跟在动词和介词后面的.eg.HerememberedbeingtakentoBeijingattheageoften.Theyattendedthemeetingwithoutbeinginvited.Wewereallexcitedforhavingbeenpraised. 3.动词ing形式的被动式表示动作对于逻辑主语而言在意义上是被动的.Iwouldliketohavealookattheanimalbeingoperatedon.Havingbeeninvitedbythestudents,hegavethematalkonhistory. IV.做独立成分动词ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语,可以独立存在,这些短语已经成为习惯用语,用来修饰整个句子Generallyspeaking(一般说来)StrictlyspeakingRoughlyspeakingFranklyspeakingJudgingfrom