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2008年GCT联考英语语法复习大纲1、名词、代词2、动词的时态、语态3、连接词、冠词4、非谓语动词5、虚拟语气6、各类从句7、强调句型8、倒装句语法单项题句法1、各类从句2、强调句型3、倒装句动词1、动词的时态、语态2、非谓语动词3、虚拟语气句法基础知识(P.45)一、简单句(完整句)1、主语+谓语(不及物动词)2、主语+谓语(系动词)+表语3、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语4、主语+谓语(及物动词)+双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)5、主语+谓语(及物动词)+复合宾语(宾语和宾语补足语)二、并列句and,but,notonly…butalso,so,for,or,nor三、复合句名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句一、简单句(完整句)1.Slowly,throughoutthe20thcentury,leisuretimegrew.2.Ithasn’talwaysbeenthisway.3.Changesinlawsshortenedthefactoryworkday.4.Theschoolgivesthechildrenthetoolstocommunicate.5.Employersfindithardtolayworkersoff.二、并列句1.Thinkitoveragain,andyou’llfindawayout.2.Maryisfondofmusic,butJimiscrazyabout
sports.3.Makeupyourmind,oryou’llmissthechance.4.Ihaveaclasstonight,soIcan’tgotothemoviewithyou.5.Thedoctorlookedtiredandsleepy,forhesatupallnightwiththepatient.*Forhesatupallnightwiththepatientthedoctorlookedtiredandsleepy.(X)三、复合句—名词性从句关联词语:What,that,whether,who,whom,when,where,why,how,whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever,whose,which,if考点:1.What和that的区别(P.71第3题、第15题)2.whether和if的区别(P.72第22题)3.介词+宾语从句的用法(P.71第9题)4.Who、whom、whomeverwhoever的区别(P.71第10题)Althoughtherearemanypredictionsaboutthefuture,nooneknowsforsuretheworldwouldbelikein50years.(2004年25题)A.howB.thatC.whichD.what8.Undoubtedly,_______winstheelectionisgoingtohaveatoughjobgettingtheeconomybackonitsfeet.(GCT2003年)A.anyone B.who C.whoever D.everyone三、复合句—定语从句关联词语:考点:1.who,that,which在定语从句中做主语时不能省略。2.That和which的区别3.关系代词和关系副词的区别4.As的用法1.who,that,which在定语从句中做主语时不能省略。1.Iftheworkbytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbeheavilyfined.(2004年16题)A.iscompletedB.tobecompletedC.willhavebeencompletedD.willbecompleted2.Alloftheplantsnowraisedonfarmshavebeendevelopedfromplantsinthewild.(2004年21题)A.oncetheygrewB.thatoncegrewC.theygrewonceD.oncegrew2.That和which的区别
That1.仅用于限定性定语从句。2.当先行词前有any,no,some,only,very,all,much,everything,anything,nothing等词修饰的时候,关系代词只能用that;有形容词和副词最高级的时候也只能用that。3.既可以指人也可以指物。Which1.既可用于限定性定语从句,也可用于非限定性定语从句。2.当介词提到关系代词前时,只能用Which做关系代词。3.只能用来指物。1.Thesymbolsofmathematics_____wearemostfamiliararethesignsofaddition,subtraction,multiplication,divisionandequality.(2002年)A.towhich B.whichC.withwhich D.inwhich2.Theparentsweremuchkindertotheiryoungestchildthantheyweretotheothers,_____,ofcourse,madetheothersjealous.(2003年)A.which B.thatC.what D.who3.Theonlything______reallymatterstotheparentsishowsoontheirchildrencanreturnhome.(2005年)A.whatB.thatC.whichD.this4.TheMonaLisa,___inItaly,isnowintheLouvre,amuseuminParis.(GCT2004年)A.whopaintedB.whowaspaintedC.whichpaintedD.whichwaspainted3.关系代词和关系副词的区别when,where,why引导的定语从句分别修饰表示时间(day,year,date做先行词)、地点(theplace)、原因(thereason)的先行词,并且分别在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语。关系副词也可以根据其在句中的搭配关系,转换成介词加关系代词的结构。1.I"veneverbeentoBeijing,butit"stheplace_____.A.whereI"dtiketovisitB.inwhichI"dliketovisitC.ImostwanttovisitD.thatIwanttovisititmost4.As的用法as引导的非限定性定语从句,as充当主语或者宾语。as代替主句的句意而不代替某一个名词,则常常与know,see,pointout,guess,report和expect等词连用。在thesame…as和such…as的词组中只能用as,且不可以省略。1.isoftenthecasewithanewidea,muchinitialactivityandoptimisticdiscussionproducenoconcreteproposal.(2004年19题
)A.ItB.WhichC.AsD.That2.Meltedironispouredintothemixermuch_______teaispouredintoacupfromateapot.A.inthesamewaylikeB.inthesamewaywhichC.inthesamewayD.inthesamewayas三、复合句—状语从句1、时间状语从句(before,after,assoonas,until,till,hardly…when,nosooner…than,when,while,themoment,theinstant)2、地点状语从句(where)3、原因状语从句(because,inthat,since,as)4、目的状语从句(inorderthat;sothat;forfearthat;lest;incase)5、结果状语从句(so…that;such…that;)6、条件状语从句(if,evenif,unless,aslongas,supposingthat)7、让步状语从句(though,although,eventhough,as,while,nomatterwhat/when/how/where/who)8、比较状语从句(more…than;as…as;themore…themore)9、方式状语从句(as,asif,asthough1.YoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeetingyoudon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.(2003年22题)A.ifB.unlessC.thoughD.until2.Ababymightshowfearofanunfamiliaradult,_____heislikelytosmileandreachouttoanotherinfant.(2002年7题)A.ifB.wheneverC.sothatD.whereas3.pollutioncontrolmeasurestendtobemoneyconsuming,manyindustrieshesitatetoadoptthem.(2004年18题)A.AlthoughB.HoweverC.WhenD.Since4.IwasspeakingtoAnnonthephoneaboutourtourplansuddenlywewerecutoff.(2004年27题)A.thatB.whileC.beforeD.when5.TheATMsenablebankcustomerstoaccesstheirmoney24hoursadayandsevendaysaweek_____ATMsarelocated.(GCT2004年)A.whereverB.wheneverC.howeverD.whatever倒装句倒装语序有两类:全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装:指谓语部分全部提到主语之前。1.当there,here,then,now等副词置于句首,且谓语动词为come,go,be等词时,句子一般全部倒装。Look!Herecomesthetaxi.
Herearesomelettersforyoutotype.2.当out,in,away,up,bang等方位或拟声词置于句首时,句子一般全部倒装。此类倒装句比正常语序的句子更生动、形象。Awayflewthebird.部分倒装:指谓语的一部分提到主语之前。1.为避免句子部分内容重复,英语中常用倒装句,即:so(neither,nor)+be动词(助动词,情态动词)+主语。Myfatherisanengineer;soismyhusband.Janedidn"tattendmyclassyesterday;nordidTorris.2.具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时,句子一般部分倒装,即将be动词、助动词或情态动词提到主语前。这类词或短语包括:not,never,seldom,hardly,rarely,scarcely,bynomeans,undernocircumstances,innoway,atnotime,nosooner...(than),hardly……(when),notonly…(butalso)等。Neverhasmybrotherbeenabroadbefore,HardlyhadIsatdownwhenlheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.3.as或though引导的让步状语从句常用倒装。一般将一些形容词、副词等置于句首。Prominentasheisinhisfield,heremainseasygoing.Wealthyasheis,Idon"tenvyhim.4.当so,only等表示程度或频率的副词置于句首时,句子一般倒装。SogreatwasthedestructionthattheSouthtookdecadestorecover.Onlyinthiswaycanweaccomplishontime.5.虚拟语气的倒装1._______willMr.Forbesbeabletoregaincontrolofthecompany.(2002年)A.WithhardworkB.AsregardshishardworkC.OnlyifheworkshardD.Despitehishardwork2.Notuntilrecentyearsapopularmeansofcommunication.(2004年)A.e-mailbecameB.e-mailhasbecomeC.dide-mailbecomeD.wille-mailbecome3.Scarcely______thosewordswhensuddenlythemonsterwastransformedintoaveryhandsomeyouth.(2005年)A.hadheutteredB.didheutterC.hehadutteredD.hedidutter强调句型1.Itis…that…句2.谓语动词前用does,do,did表示强调
3.Itwasnotuntil…that…强调句15.______herealizeditwasalreadytoolateforustoreturnhome.(2002年)A.Nosooneritgrewdarkwhen B.Hardlyitgrewdarkwhen C.Itwasnotuntildarkthat D.Scarcelyitgrewdarkthan32._______thatsawthetradebetweenthetwocountriesreachitshighestpoint.(2003年)A.Duringthe1990’s B.Thatiswasinthe1990’s C.Itwasinthe1990’s D.Itwasthe1990’s动词相关语法动词的分类实义动词:及物动词不及物动词系动词:be(am,isare),look,become,turn,go,sound,feel,…助动词:助动词—be,do,have情态助动词—must,can,may,will,shall,should,could,might,would,…三、动词的时态语态语态:主动语态被动语态:be+动词的过去分词例:Suchinformationcanbeeasilyobtainedbyadeterminedhacker.四、动词时态语态的考点归纳1、完成式/进行式+被动语态2、情态助动词(must,should)mustdo;musthavedoneshouldhavedone本该做的事没做shouldn’thavedone本不该做的事而做了虚拟语气一、过去时1、It’s(high)timethat…It’stimethateffectivemeasuresweretakentosolvetheproblemofnoisepollutioninthisarea.2、would/hadrather(that)…I’dratheryoudidn’ttakesomuchmoneywithyou.二、should+动词原形,should可以省略
1、连接词lest,forfearthat引起的虚拟从句2、下列动词后“that”引导的宾语从句,如:suggest(建议),propose(提议),recommend(建议)等。3、下列表示主张、要求、命令等概念的名词后面的“that”引导的同位语从句,这类词有:order,request,insistence,suggestion,command等。4、下列表示主张、要求、命令、愿望、建议等概念的主语从句。(1)itis(was,hasbeen)desired(suggested,requested,ordered,proposed,decided)that…。(2)Itisnecessary(important,urgent,advisable,proper等)that…三、虚拟条件句(非真实条件句)1、if从句2、asif/asthough3、ifonly4、otherwise非谓语动词一、不定式、现在分词、过去分词的区别1、主动与被动的区别过去分词:被动的;已完成的2、做状语时的区别不定式:通常只做目的状语和结果状语3、做定语时的区别4、做表语时的区别二、不定式、动名词的区别