2008get英语语法考试大纲 7页

2008年GCT联考英语语法复习大纲1、名词、代词2、动词的时态、语态3、连接词、冠词4、非谓语动词5、虚拟语气6、各类从句7、强调句型8、倒装句语法单项题句法1、各类从句2、强调句型3、倒装句动词1、动词的时态、语态2、非谓语动词3、虚拟语气句法基础知识(P.45)一、简单句(完整句)1、主语＋谓语（不及物动词）2、主语＋谓语（系动词）＋表语3、主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语4、主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）5、主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋复合宾语（宾语和宾语补足语）二、并列句and，but，notonly…butalso，so，for，or,nor三、复合句名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句一、简单句(完整句)1.Slowly,throughoutthe20thcentury,leisuretimegrew.2.Ithasn’talwaysbeenthisway.3.Changesinlawsshortenedthefactoryworkday.4.Theschoolgivesthechildrenthetoolstocommunicate.5.Employersfindithardtolayworkersoff.二、并列句1.Thinkitoveragain,andyou’llfindawayout.2.Maryisfondofmusic,butJimiscrazyabout sports.3.Makeupyourmind,oryou’llmissthechance.4.Ihaveaclasstonight,soIcan’tgotothemoviewithyou.5.Thedoctorlookedtiredandsleepy,forhesatupallnightwiththepatient.*Forhesatupallnightwiththepatientthedoctorlookedtiredandsleepy.(X)三、复合句—名词性从句关联词语:What,that,whether,who,whom,when,where,why,how,whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever,whose,which,if考点:1.What和that的区别(P.71第3题、第15题)2.whether和if的区别（P.72第22题）3.介词+宾语从句的用法(P.71第9题)4.Who、whom、whomeverwhoever的区别(P.71第10题)Althoughtherearemanypredictionsaboutthefuture，nooneknowsforsuretheworldwouldbelikein50years．（2004年25题）A．howB．thatC．whichD．what8.Undoubtedly,_______winstheelectionisgoingtohaveatoughjobgettingtheeconomybackonitsfeet.（GCT2003年）A.anyone B.who　C.whoever D.everyone三、复合句—定语从句关联词语：考点：1．who，that，which在定语从句中做主语时不能省略。2.That和which的区别3.关系代词和关系副词的区别4.As的用法1．who，that，which在定语从句中做主语时不能省略。1.Iftheworkbytheendofthismonthisdelayed，theconstructioncompanywillbeheavilyfined．(2004年16题)A.iscompletedB.tobecompletedC.willhavebeencompletedD.willbecompleted2.Alloftheplantsnowraisedonfarmshavebeendevelopedfromplantsinthewild．(2004年21题)A.oncetheygrewB.thatoncegrewC.theygrewonceD.oncegrew2.That和which的区别 That1.仅用于限定性定语从句。2.当先行词前有any，no，some，only，very，all，much，everything，anything，nothing等词修饰的时候，关系代词只能用that；有形容词和副词最高级的时候也只能用that。3.既可以指人也可以指物。Which1.既可用于限定性定语从句，也可用于非限定性定语从句。2.当介词提到关系代词前时,只能用Which做关系代词。3.只能用来指物。1.Thesymbolsofmathematics_____wearemostfamiliararethesignsofaddition,subtraction,multiplication,divisionandequality.(2002年)A.towhich B.whichC.withwhich D.inwhich2.Theparentsweremuchkindertotheiryoungestchildthantheyweretotheothers,_____,ofcourse,madetheothersjealous.(2003年)A.which B.thatC.what D.who3.Theonlything______reallymatterstotheparentsishowsoontheirchildrencanreturnhome.(2005年)A.whatB.thatC.whichD.this4.TheMonaLisa,___inItaly,isnowintheLouvre,amuseuminParis.(GCT2004年)A.whopaintedB.whowaspaintedC.whichpaintedD.whichwaspainted3.关系代词和关系副词的区别when，where，why引导的定语从句分别修饰表示时间（day，year，date做先行词）、地点（theplace）、原因（thereason）的先行词，并且分别在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语。关系副词也可以根据其在句中的搭配关系，转换成介词加关系代词的结构。1.I"veneverbeentoBeijing,butit"stheplace_____.A．whereI"dtiketovisitB．inwhichI"dliketovisitC．ImostwanttovisitD．thatIwanttovisititmost4.As的用法as引导的非限定性定语从句，as充当主语或者宾语。as代替主句的句意而不代替某一个名词，则常常与know，see，pointout，guess，report和expect等词连用。在thesame…as和such…as的词组中只能用as，且不可以省略。1.isoftenthecasewithanewidea，muchinitialactivityandoptimisticdiscussionproducenoconcreteproposal．(2004年19题 )A．ItB．WhichC．AsD．That2．Meltedironispouredintothemixermuch_______teaispouredintoacupfromateapot.A．inthesamewaylikeB．inthesamewaywhichC．inthesamewayD．inthesamewayas三、复合句—状语从句1、时间状语从句（before,after,assoonas,until,till,hardly…when,nosooner…than,when,while,themoment,theinstant）2、地点状语从句（where）3、原因状语从句（because,inthat,since,as）4、目的状语从句（inorderthat;sothat;forfearthat;lest;incase）5、结果状语从句（so…that;such…that;）6、条件状语从句（if,evenif,unless,aslongas,supposingthat）7、让步状语从句（though,although,eventhough,as,while,nomatterwhat/when/how/where/who）8、比较状语从句（more…than;as…as;themore…themore）9、方式状语从句（as，asif，asthough1.YoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeetingyoudon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.（2003年22题）A．ifB．unlessC．thoughD．until2.Ababymightshowfearofanunfamiliaradult，_____heislikelytosmileandreachouttoanotherinfant．（2002年7题）A．ifB．wheneverC．sothatD．whereas３.pollutioncontrolmeasurestendtobemoneyconsuming，manyindustrieshesitatetoadoptthem．(2004年18题)A．AlthoughB．HoweverC．WhenD．Since４.IwasspeakingtoAnnonthephoneaboutourtourplansuddenlywewerecutoff．(2004年27题)A．thatB．whileC．beforeD．when５.TheATMsenablebankcustomerstoaccesstheirmoney24hoursadayandsevendaysaweek_____ATMsarelocated.(GCT2004年)A.whereverB.wheneverC.howeverD.whatever倒装句倒装语序有两类：全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装:指谓语部分全部提到主语之前。1.当there，here，then，now等副词置于句首，且谓语动词为come，go，be等词时，句子一般全部倒装。Look!Herecomesthetaxi． Herearesomelettersforyoutotype．2．当out，in，away，up，bang等方位或拟声词置于句首时，句子一般全部倒装。此类倒装句比正常语序的句子更生动、形象。Awayflewthebird．部分倒装:指谓语的一部分提到主语之前。1．为避免句子部分内容重复，英语中常用倒装句，即：so(neither，nor)+be动词(助动词，情态动词)+主语。Myfatherisanengineer；soismyhusband．Janedidn"tattendmyclassyesterday；nordidTorris．2．具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，句子一般部分倒装，即将be动词、助动词或情态动词提到主语前。这类词或短语包括：not，never，seldom，hardly，rarely，scarcely，bynomeans，undernocircumstances，innoway，atnotime，nosooner．．．(than)，hardly……(when)，notonly…(butalso)等。Neverhasmybrotherbeenabroadbefore，HardlyhadIsatdownwhenlheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor．3．as或though引导的让步状语从句常用倒装。一般将一些形容词、副词等置于句首。Prominentasheisinhisfield，heremainseasygoing．Wealthyasheis，Idon"tenvyhim．4．当so，only等表示程度或频率的副词置于句首时，句子一般倒装。SogreatwasthedestructionthattheSouthtookdecadestorecover．Onlyinthiswaycanweaccomplishontime．5.虚拟语气的倒装1._______willMr.Forbesbeabletoregaincontrolofthecompany.(2002年)A.WithhardworkB.AsregardshishardworkC.OnlyifheworkshardD.Despitehishardwork2．Notuntilrecentyearsapopularmeansofcommunication．(2004年)A．e-mailbecameB．e-mailhasbecomeC．dide-mailbecomeD．wille-mailbecome3.Scarcely______thosewordswhensuddenlythemonsterwastransformedintoaveryhandsomeyouth.(2005年)A.hadheutteredB.didheutterC.hehadutteredD.hedidutter强调句型1．Itis…that…句2．谓语动词前用does,do,did表示强调 3．Itwasnotuntil…that…强调句15.______herealizeditwasalreadytoolateforustoreturnhome.(2002年)A.Nosooneritgrewdarkwhen B.Hardlyitgrewdarkwhen　C.Itwasnotuntildarkthat D.Scarcelyitgrewdarkthan32._______thatsawthetradebetweenthetwocountriesreachitshighestpoint.(2003年)A.Duringthe1990’s B.Thatiswasinthe1990’s　C.Itwasinthe1990’s D.Itwasthe1990’s动词相关语法动词的分类实义动词：及物动词不及物动词系动词：be(am,isare),look,become,turn,go,sound,feel,…助动词：助动词—be,do,have情态助动词—must,can,may,will,shall,should,could,might,would,…三、动词的时态语态语态:主动语态被动语态:be+动词的过去分词例:Suchinformationcanbeeasilyobtainedbyadeterminedhacker.四、动词时态语态的考点归纳1、完成式/进行式+被动语态2、情态助动词（must,should）mustdo;musthavedoneshouldhavedone本该做的事没做shouldn’thavedone本不该做的事而做了虚拟语气一、过去时1、It’s(high)timethat…It’stimethateffectivemeasuresweretakentosolvetheproblemofnoisepollutioninthisarea.2、would/hadrather(that)…I’dratheryoudidn’ttakesomuchmoneywithyou.二、should+动词原形，should可以省略 1、连接词lest，forfearthat引起的虚拟从句2、下列动词后“that”引导的宾语从句，如：suggest（建议），propose（提议），recommend（建议）等。3、下列表示主张、要求、命令等概念的名词后面的“that”引导的同位语从句，这类词有：order，request，insistence，suggestion，command等。4、下列表示主张、要求、命令、愿望、建议等概念的主语从句。（1）itis（was，hasbeen）desired（suggested，requested，ordered，proposed，decided）that…。（2）Itisnecessary（important，urgent，advisable，proper等）that…三、虚拟条件句（非真实条件句）1、if从句2、asif/asthough3、ifonly4、otherwise非谓语动词一、不定式、现在分词、过去分词的区别1、主动与被动的区别过去分词：被动的；已完成的2、做状语时的区别不定式：通常只做目的状语和结果状语3、做定语时的区别4、做表语时的区别二、不定式、动名词的区别