高考英语语法专题复习 定语从句 知识清单 答案 4页

高考英语语法专题复习------定语从句知识清单2015/9一、定语从句基础知识(填空)1.何为定语从句？在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2.何为定语从句两个基本要素？先行词和关系词即：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。3.定语从句分为两大类：1）限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不用逗号隔开,也不能省略，否则句意就不完整。2)非限制性定语从句：只是对先行词做补充说明,与先行词的关系也比较松散，常用逗号与主句隔开，如果省略,原句意义仍然完整。4.引导定语从句的关系词有哪些？1）关系代词：在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。指代人：who,whom,that指代事物：which,that,as所属关系：whose,ofwhich/ofwhom2）关系副词：在定语从句中充当状语，相当于介词＋which。指地点：where指时间：when指原因：why二、常见考点与难点归纳：1.引导词that与which的选择：总结1)先行词有下列情况时,通常用关系代词that，不用which。①先行词是all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much等不定代词时;②先行词被all,any,every,no,some,little,much等词修饰时;③先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;④先行词被theonly,thevery(正是,恰是)，thelast修饰时;⑤ 当先行词既有人又有物时；⑥若主句中有疑问代词who,which时（为了避免重复）。总结2）下列情况通常用关系代词which，不用that：①引导非限定性定语从句且先行词是物，在定语从句中充当宾语时也不省略。②介词+关系词引导定语从句,先行词为物时。2.先行词为时间、地点、原因的名词时应注意的问题：1)先行词为时间、地点、原因的名词时，关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用when,where,why，相当于介词+which.2)先行词为时间、地点、原因的名词时，关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，用that/which。3)某些特殊先行词之后的where：某些抽象地点名词如：stage,position,point,situation,case,condition,activity,celebration等做先行词时，且在定语从句中充当状语，常用where引导，表示抽象化的地点，(相当于介词+which)。例如：必修1Unit5(P34)①Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.②Wewereputintoapositioninwhich(=where)wehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.3.介词+关系词：即介词+whom(指人)和介词+which(指物)4 介词如何选择：1）看定语从句中动词或者形容词与介词的习惯搭配Whatwerethethingsaboutwhichhewasnotsosure?2）根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词的习惯搭配Thespeedatwhichyoudriveyourcarmustn’tbetoohigh.3）可以通过句子的整体含义,结合生活实际来判断Chinahasmanyrivers,of/amongwhichtheYangtzeRiveristhelongest.4.关系词as的用法:as既可以引导限制性定从，也可以引导非限制性定从，常用于以下情况：1）先行词有such,thesame修饰时，后面的定语从句常用as引导，as在从句中可充当主语，宾语，表语，表示“像……一样的…”。① Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinthisworld.世界上绝没有像你梦想的那样的地方。②Ihavethesametrouble__asyouhave.我和你有同样的麻烦。注意：thesame…that…/thesame…as…的区别：③ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支。④ ThisisthesamepenasIlost.这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样。 2）在非限制性定语从句中，as常用于固定搭配。在此用法中,as所引导的定语从句可放在主句的句首、句中、句末。如：众所周知Asisknowntoall/Asweallknow综上所述Ashasbeensaid/mentioned/describedabove正如经常发生的那样；情况通常如此Asoftenhappens/Asisoftenthecase如报纸所报道的Asisreportedinthenewspaper5.引导非限制性定语从句时，关系词as跟which的区别：as意为“正如……”“正像……”,可位于句首，句中，句末；which意为“这”“这件事”，不能放句首。若关系词指代前面整句话，且位于主句之后，二者有时候可以互换。Theearthisround,which/asisknowntousall.__Aswasnatural,hemarriedJenny.6.先行词为theway的定语从句：先行词为theway，在定语从句中作状语，引导词用inwhich,that或不填。Irecognizedhe’sfromAustraliafromthewayinwhich/that/不填hespeaks.7.定语从句与其它复合句的区分:1)定语从句与同位语从句：①  Weallhaveheardthenews_thatourteamwon.②  Wedon’tbelievethenews_(that/which)_hetoldusyesterday.2)定语从句与状语从句：① Heleftthekey_where_hehadbeenanhourbefore.② Helefttheplace_where_helivedformanyyears.③ Heissuchagoodteacherthatwealllikehim.④ Heissuchagoodteacherasallofusloveandrespect.⑤We’llgowhereweareneeded.3)定语从句与主语从句：① _As_isknowntousall，paperwasfirstmadeinChina.② _It_isknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.4)定语从句与强调结构：4 ① Itisthehouse_where_Imettheyoungman.② Itwasinthehouse_that_Imettheyoungman.综合练习一、填空题（请用定语从句的相关知识填空，每空一词）：1.Couldyoutellmeforwhomyou’veboughtthiscoat?2.Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.3.Doyoulikethegirlwhoseeyesarebig?4.Healwayscomeslate,whichmakeshisteacherangry.5.Haveyouseentheoldladywhom/that/whoafamousstaristalkingto?6.Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.7.ThelastplacethatwevisitedwastheGreatWall.8.Isawsometrees,theleavesofwhichwereblackwithdisease.9.Itrainedallnightandallday,duringwhichtimetheshipbrokeintopieces.10.Thisisthereasonwhyhewasputinprison.11.Theboypointedtothedirectioninwhichhewouldrun.12.Themanto/withwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.13.Iboughtmanybooksyesterday,threeofwhicharewrittenbyLuXun.14.Isthismuseumtheonewheretheexhibitionwasheld?15.Freddie,asmightbeexpected,wasattendingtheconference.16.Thisisthefactorywheremyfatherworks?17.Thisisthefactorythat/whichwevisitedlastweek?18.Pisaisacity,wherethereisaleaningtower.19.Hewho_laughs_(laugh)lastlaughsbest.（谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。）20.All_that_glittersisnotgold.（闪闪发光者，未必皆黄金。）二、改错：（请用定语从句的相关知识改正下列句子，每句均有一处错误。）1.Hisglasses,withoutthathewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg.(which)2.SuchsignsthatweuseintheexperimentareGreekletters.(as)3.MarywaskindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,this,ofcourse,madealltheothersupset.4.Pisaisacity,wherehasaleaningtower.(which)(which)5.Thatisthereasonwhyhegaveus.(that/which)6.Hementionedabook,whichtitleI’veforgotten.(whose)7.Istillrememberthedaywhenwespenttogether.(that/which)8.Healwayscomeslate,andwhichmakeshisteacherangry.(and删去/which改为it)9.Chinahasalotofislands,oneofthemisDiaoyu.(which)10.Thegirlwhoisdisabled,butshesucceededbyherfather’sappreciationeducation.(删去)11.Therearealotofstudentshere,noneofthemlikethefilm.(whom)12.Thescientistandhisachievementswhichyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.(that)三、请用定语从句翻译下列句子。1.他永远不会忘记与她邂逅的那一天。He’llneverforgetthedaywhenhefirstmether.2.属于自己的，不要放弃；已经失去的，留作记忆。4 Don"tgiveupthethingsthatbelongtoyouandkeepthelostthingsinmemory.3.伤害羊的那只狼被打死了。Thewolfbywhichthesheepwashurtwasshot.4.我们这次还是约在上次一起吃晚饭的餐厅见面吧!Let’smeetattherestaurantwherewehaddinnerlasttime.5.环境保护是一个如今为人们广为讨论的一个话题。.Theenvironmentalprotectionisatopicwhich/thatiswidelydiscussedbypeoplenowadays.6.我们必须承认,那些反对此观点的人们也有一定的道理。Wehavetoadmitthatthosewhoopposetheviewpointalsohavetheirreasons.7.手提电脑如今如此普遍的一个重要原因就是它的使用方便。Amajorreasonwhylap-topsaresopopularnowadaysisthatitiseasytouse.8.他计划于2017年回国,到那时候他将年满30岁.Heisplanningtoreturntohishomelandin2017,bywhichtime(when)hewillbe30.9.<<荷马史诗>>（HomerEpic）是一本很精彩的书,我从中学到了很多.HomerEpicisawonderfulbook,fromwhichIhavelearnedalot.10.最激动人心的一次旅行经历是在巴厘岛(Bali),在那里我有生以来第一次体验了潜水.ThemostexcitingtravelingexperienceistheoneinBali,whereIexperienceddivingforthefirsttimeinmylife.四、语篇填空：Jim,1._________fatherisabiologist,iscrazyaboutanimals.Theonlysubject2.________seemsinterestingtohimisbiology.Hespendseverypenny3.________hecansavetobuybooksonbiology,4.________isoftenlaughedatbyhisclassmates.Oneday,5._______hesteppedinthebookstore6.____________sellsallkindsofbooksaboutanimals,hewasasexcitedasachildwhofoundsomething7._______hehadbeenlongingfor.Hewaslostinthebooks8.______acornerofthestoreandforgotaboutthetimeandhewaslockedinsidewhenthestorewasclosed!Wheneverthisexperiencewastalkedaboutagain,hewouldsaythatwastheverything9.______hehadhoped—--hewasglad10.______________(remain)thereandreadthewholenightforfree.（参考答案：whose;that;that;which;when;which/that;that;in;that;tohaveremained）五、定语从句在写作中的应用------根据下列内容,运用定语从句写一篇文章介绍中国。.众所周知，中国有960万平方公里的土地，是世界第三大国。中国有56个民族，其中汉族人(theHanEthnic)占94%。中国有许多大河流，其中长江、黄河是最重要的河流。曾有一段时间，中国的经济落后于世界许多国家，但随着经济的增长，中国人被歧视的日子一去不复返，所有中国人都为此感到自豪。Asisknowntoall,Chinawithanareaof9.6millionsquarekilometers,isthethirdlargestcountryintheworld.TheChinesenationconsistsof56nationalities,amongwhichtheHanEthnicGroupisthelargest,makingup94%ofthewhole.Besides,therearemanybigriversinChina,themostimportantof_which_aretheYangtzeRiverandtheYellowRiver.TherewasatimewhenChineseeconomywasfarbehindmanyothercountriesintheworld.However,withthedevelopmentoftheeconomy,thedaysaregoneforeverwhentheChinesepeoplewerelookeddownupon,whichallChineseareproudof.4