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中考英语语法考点系列导练(四)数词考点精析表示数目或顺序的词叫数词。数词可分基数词和序数词两大类。纵观近年来各省市中考的试题,对数词的考查主要集中在以下几点:一、基数词在英语中表示数目的词称为基数词。基数词的写法。几十后面加ty,“几十几”,要用连字符号;几百几十几,hundred百位和十位间用and;hundred,thousand,million,billion等词表示具体数字时,用单数形式,在没有确切数目修饰时,可用复数形式,后面可以加of。1.基数词的构成(1)1-20one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty(2)21-99先说"几十",再说"几",中间加连字符。23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty-five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one(3)101-999先说"几百",再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;586→fivehundredandeighty-six,803→eighthundredandthree(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个",",第一个","前为thousand.第二个","前为million,第三个","前为billion(美式)或thousand,million(英式),然后一节一节地表示。1,001→onethousandandone9,785→ninethousand,sevenhundredandeighty-five18,423→eighteenthousand,fourhundredandtwenty-three6,260,309→sixmilliontwohundredandsixtythousandthreehundredandnine750,000,000,000→sevenhundredandfifty,billion(美式)sevenhundredandfiftythousandmillion(英式)2.基数词的用法(1)作主语eg.FourOfthemcomefromParis.(2)作宾语eg.一Howmanybookswouldyoulike?一Iwouldliketwo.(3)作表语eg.Sevenminustwoisfive.(4)作定语eg.Therearethreepeopleinmyfamily·(5)作同位语eg.Youtwowillgoswimmingwithus.(6)表具体数字时,hundred,thousand,million用单数。
eg.Therearesixhundredstudentsinourgrade.(7)表不确定的数字时,数词用复数。若带名词,再加ofhundredsof(数百,成百上千的),thousandsof(数干,成千上万的),millionsof(数百万)eg,Theyarrivedintwosandthrees.他们三三两两地来了。(8)表示"…十"的数词的复数可以表示人的岁数或年代。eg.Heisinhisearlythirties.他有三十来岁(31-34岁):Thistookplaceinthe1930s.这事发生在二十世纪三十年代;(9)表示时刻eg.IwatchCCTVNewsatseveno"clockeveryevening.二、序数词在英语中表示顺序、次序的词称为序数词。1.序数词的构成(1)一般在基数词后加theg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth(2)不规则变化one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve--~twelfih(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加thtwenty→twentieth,forty→fortieth,ninety→ninetieth(4)从二十一后的"几十几"直至"几百几十几"或"几千几百几十几"只将个位的基数词变为序数词。twenty-first,twohundredandforty-fifth2.序数词的用法(1)序数词作定语时,一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用。eg.Tomistheirsecondson.Heisthefirstonetocomehere.(2)序数词有时可与不定冠词连用,表示数量上"又-","再一"eg:Hetriedasecondtime.他又试了-次。Shalllaskhimathirdtime?还要我再问他-次吗?我已问了他两次)(3)序数词的缩写形式为:阿拉伯数字加上这个词的末尾两个字母。1st2nd,3rd,4th,20th,21st,22nd,23rd(4)表示年、月、日时,年用基数词,日用序数词。2005年8月15日:(英)15,8,2005=15th,August,2005;(美)8,15,2005=August15th,2005(三)基数词和序数词都可以用来给数字编号。No.1(1号),No.3bus(3路公共汽车),Room103,(103号旁间)Thefirstlesson=LessonTwo(第二课)(四)分数词的表达分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加seg.1/3-onethird;2/5-twofifths(五)数学运算的表达eg.3+5=8Threeplus/andfiveiseight.9-2=7Nineminustwoisseven.6x5=30Fivetimessixisthirty/sixunutilizedfiveisthirty.
8÷2=4Eightdividedbytwoisfour.(六)数字的日常应用(1)日期表示法:表示年月日应为“月份+日期+年份”。(2)时间表示法:整点数字后加“o’clock”,几点几分顺着读;几点过几分,要用past;几点差几分,用to;半小时是“half”,15分钟为“quarter”。(3)编号既可用序数词,也可用基数词。但门牌号、房间号、页码、电话号码等通常用基数词。(4)表示某人“几十岁”要用基数词的复数形式。如:inone’sthirties三十多岁。(5)对日期(几月几日)的提问常用what’sthedate;对时刻(几点几分)的提问一般用whattime。(七)由基数词和名词构成的复合形容词,名词用单数。 (八)表示“几个半”英语中表达“几个半”有两种方法:“数词+and+ahalf+名词(复数)”和“数词+名词(复数)+andahalf”。应试策略 考查数词的常见题型有选择填空、单词拼写和句型转换等。做这类题时,必须要注意基数词和序数词的拼写,分数、不确切数量词间的关系与名词搭配,以及数词在日常生活中的应用等。真题再现1.Thereareabouttwo______studentsinthenewlybuiltschool. (杭州) A.thousand B.thousands C.thousandof D.thousandsof剖析:当hundred,thousand,million,billion等词前有确切数字时,这些词应用单数形式。答案:B2.The____questionismuchmoredifficultthanthisone. (重庆) A.sixth B.six C.sixteen D.sixty剖析:此题考查的是序数词的用法。表示“第……”时,用序数词,序数词前要用定冠词the。答案:A3.Inthepastfewyears,manytallbuildingshavebeenbuiltinourcity.Thetallestisan______thatstandsinthecenter. (济宁)A.剖析:此题题眼为thetallest,既然是最高级,说明building要用单数。再看an是用在元音音素前的不定冠词,所以应选由数词和名词单数加连字符构成的复合形容词来修饰名词。答案:A4.Timeisnotenoughforsomuchwork.______peopleareneeded,Ithink.(河南)A.Othertwo B.Onlytwo C.Twomore D.Twoothers
剖析:此题上句说明时间短,工作量大,因此判断下文指的是还需要两个人。表示在原有数量上的增加,有another和more两个词,即“another+基数词”,或“基数词+more”。答案:C6.The_______manontheleftisBeckham,afamousfootballplayer.(泸州) A.two B.second C.three剖析:本句主要表示man的顺序,序数词前用定冠词the,而且名词man是单数形式,不能接受twothree的修饰。答案:B数词考点精练I.选择填空。1.333reads___________.A.threehundredandthirtythree B.threehundredsandthirty-threeC.threehundredandthirty-three D.threehundredthirty-three2.The_______monthoftheyearisFebruary.A.one B.first C.two D.second80-floorbuildingB.60-floorbuildingC.80-floorbuildingsD3.Thebeautifulskirtsareonshowintheshop,Janelikes_______.A.theninth B.thenineth C.nine D.ninth4.Ittookme_______tofinishmyhomework.A.ahalfandtwohour B.twohourandahalfC.twoandahalfhour D.twoandahalfhours5.Decemberisthe_______monthoftheyear.A.twelve B.twelveth C.twelvieth D.twelfth6.Tombought______forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoes B.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoes D.twopairsshoes7.Thereare_______secondsinaminute.A.fourty B.forty C.sixteen D.sixty8.LinTaogetsupat______inthemorning.A.halfpastsix B.sixpasthalf C.pasthalfsix D.halfsixpast9.December______isChristmas.A.twenty-five B.thetwenty-fifth C.thetwentieth-five D.twentieth-fifth10.Thereare_____starsintheuniverse.A.millions B.millionof C.millionsof D.million11.Mondayisthe_______dayoftheweek.A.two B.second C.three D.third12.Mr.Blacklefthere_____ago.A.halfahour B.halfanhour C.anhalfhour D.ahalfhours13.Thereare_____studentsintheirschool.A.ninehundred B.ninehundreds C.ninehundredof D.ninehundredsof
14.Thereare_____wordsinthetextofthe_____Lesson.A.hundredof,Fifth B.ahundredof,FivethC.hundredsof,Fifth D.hundredsof,Fiveth15.Wehadlearnedabout_____Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.A.ninehundredsandforty-five B.ninehundredsofandforty-fiveC.ninehundredandforty-five D.ninehundredandfourty-five16.Thispictureisquiteold.Wecanstillseeitwasdrawnin____century.A.sixteen B.thesixteen C.sixteenth D.thesixteenth17.In______MarxbegantolearnRussian.A.a1870 B.the1870 C.the1870s D.his1870 18.________peoplehavevisitedthefamous_______bridgeacrosstheriver.A.Millions;800-meter-long B.Millionsof;800-meters-longC.Million;800-meters-long D.Millionsof;800-meter-long19.—Whatis2/3and1/4?—It’s______.A.3/7 B.2/3 C.11/12 D.3/420.—Whichisthesmallestnumberofthefour?—_____________.A.Ahalf B.Aquarter C.Two-thirds D.Three-fourths21.ThewaterbehindtheThreeGorgesDam(三峡大坝)shouldbe______higherthandownstream.A.sixty-fivemeter B.sixty-fifthmeter C.sixty-fivemeters D.sixty-fifthmeters22.Thereareovernine_____workersinthefactory,but____ofyoungpeoplehopetoworkinit.A.Hundred,hundred B.hundreds,hundreds C.hundred,hundreds D.hundreds,hundred23.He’llhavetospend___________writinghisreporthere.A.onedayortwodays B.onedayortwo C.adayortwodays D.adayortwo24.—What’sthedatetoday?—It’s______________.A.Marchfive B.Marchthefive C.Marchfifty D.Marchthefifth25.We’llhavea__________holiday.WhataboutgoingtotheWestLake?A.twodays B.two-day C.two-days D.twodays’II.单词拼写1.Augustisthee_____monthofayear.2.We’llmeetataq______toeight,thatistosay,7:45atthebookstore.3.—DoyouknowwhatTaiwanIslandwasliket______ofyearsago?
—Yes.About20,000-30,000yearsago,itwaspartofthemainland.4.LiuXianggotthe______(one)inhiscompetitionofthe2004OlympicGames.5.Lookatthephoto!The______(第二个)manfromtheleftismygrandpa.6.Myaunt’sofficeisonthe______(第六)floor.7.TheSmithshadabigpartytocelebratetheirson’s______(二十岁)birthdaylastSunday.8.Theboyhascollectedmorethan______(四十)stampsfromdifferentcountries.III.对画线部分提问1.JimgoestoTsingHuaUniversityat8:00everyday.________________________________________2.Thesweaterisfiftyyuan.________________________________________3.Itistwohundredmetersfromhere.________________________________________4.Mytelephonenumberis6665028.________________________________________5.Thereare800studentsinourschool.________________________________________6.ShehasworkedinJinanforfiveyears.________________________________________7.JacksonwasborninMay,1970.________________________________________8.TodayisMarch7.________________________________________参考答案I. 1-5CDADD6—10ADABC11—15BBACC 16-20DCDCB 21-25CCDDBⅡ.1.eighth 2.quarter 3.thousands 4.first 5.second 6.sixth 7.twentieth 8.forty Ⅲ.1.WhattimedoesJimgotoTsingHuaUniversityeveryday? 2.Howmuchisthesweater? 3.Howfarisitfromhere? 4.Whatisyourtelephonenumber? 5.Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschool? 6.HowlonghassheworkedinJinan?7.WhenwasJacksonborn? 8.What’sthedatetoday