英语语法-宾语从句(高一) 28页

宾语从句TheObjectClause 宾语从句三要素：连接词时态语序 不同引导词引导的宾语从句由从属连词that引导的宾语从句由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which，what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句 一、连词（引导词）1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（陈述句的间接引语），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty. 1.Hesaid:“I’veleftmypeninmyroom.”→Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.Shesaidthathewouldbebusy.2.Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”→复习(把下列直接引语改为间接引语) 在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid(that)hewon’tpasstheexam. 2.宾语从句是一般疑问句（疑问句的间接引语)连接词用if或whether，而引述选择疑问句时，引述动词用asked，没有间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语me,him等。因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”→SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher. 3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。连接代词（what,who,whom,which,whose）连接副词（when,where,how,why）因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略. →TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit.Theteacherasked,“Howdidyourepairit?” 4.直接引语为祈使句直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式。引述动词有：tell,ask,order等,其句型是：tell/ask/ordersomeone(not)todosomething。它没有时态的变化。其他的变化和直接引语是陈述句的情况相同。 1)“Makesurethedoorisshut,”shesaidtoherlittleson.Shetoldherlittlesontomakesurethedoorwasshut.2)“Don’tsmokeintheroom,”hesaidtome.Hetoldtomenottosmokeintheroom. 祈使句变为间接引语的规律一改（主句谓语动词）二变（呼语变宾语）三加（动词前加to）四去（please） Hesaidtothegirl,“Doitatonce.”Hetoldthegirltodoitatonce.Mrs.Hillsaid,“pleasesingatourparty,Mary.”Mrs.HillaskedMarytosingattheirparty. Shesaidtome,“Don’tsmokeintheclassroom.”Shetoldmenottosmokeintheclassroom.Hesaid,“Let’sgofishingtomorrow.”Hesuggestedgoingfishingthenextday. 特殊句子改法：1）Isaidtohim,“Let’sstartatonce.”Isuggestedtohimthatwe(should)startatonce.(let引导的句子改成that引导的宾语从句) 2)Hesaid:“HowhappyIam!”Hesaidthathewasveryhappy.或Hesaidhowhappyhewas.(感叹句改成that/what/how引导的宾语从句) 二、时态：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般将来时现在进行时一般过去时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去将来时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时 Hesaid，“I’mafraidIcan’tfinishthework.”Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn"tfinishthework.Hesaid，“I’musingtheknife.”Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife Shesaid，“I’venotheardfromhimsinceMay.”ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.Hesaid，“Icametohelpyou.”Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.Shesaid，“I’lldoitafterclass.”Shesaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass. 三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分 1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whoarewegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet? 由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化。直接引语间接引语thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthat/thisthose/thesethenbeforethatday/today/yesterday(the)nextday 直接引语间接引语thedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaygobringhereintwodays’timethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforecome/gobring/takethere/here 1．如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等，从句不受主句时态限制，仍用一般现在时。注意事项Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound. 2.经常的习惯：Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”→Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.历史事件：Theteachersaid,“WorldWarⅡendedin1945.”→TheteachersaidthatWorldWarⅡendedin1945. →HetoldmethathehadtaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.Hesaidtome,"IhavetaughtEnglishsincehecamehere." 4、如果直接引语中含有since,when,while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时则不变. THEEND