2019高考英语语法突破四大篇第二部分专题2形容词和副词讲义 20页

专题2　形容词和副词框架结构图形容词和副词的功能1.形容词的功能：形容词主要是用来修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质、特征、状态，在句中：①作定语修饰名词或代词，说明其性质、特征等；②作表语与连系动词构成系表结构，说明主语的性质或特征；③作补足语说明宾语或主语的性质、状态或特征；④作状语主要表示原因、伴随等。⑤作独立成分。2.副词的功能：副词作状语说明动作性质或状态的特征，常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语及整个句子等。形容词和副词的核心考点1.形容词和副词的位置形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则是用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者句子的，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记：(1)形容词短语作定语，须后置。ataskdifficulttofinish(2)表语形容词(afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake，alive等)作定语，须后置，如amanalive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well，faint，ill只作表语；sick既可作表语又可作定语。ill如果不是表示身体或精神上“不适的”“不健康的”“有病的”等，而是表 示类似bad(不好的)的意思时，通常只作定语。He’sbeenillsincethen.Byillluck，myflighthadbeencancelled.(3)形容词用作定语，修饰由不定代词one，no，any，some和every构成的复合词如anything，something等时，通常后置。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.(4)else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。(5)enough修饰名词前置或后置均可；修饰形容词、动词或副词时，必须后置。(6)几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。WehadagoodtimetogetheroutdoorslastSunday.(7)频度副词如often，always，usually等放在be动词后，行为动词前。(8)副词作定语，须后置。Thepersonthereiswaitingforyou.(9)几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定词(包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数词等)＋观点词(品质、状态，即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词)＋形状或样式词(大小、长短或高低词)＋年龄或新旧词＋颜色词＋产地或来源词＋材料或种类词＋用途词＋名词。aheavyblackChinesesteelumbrella(10)以-ly结尾的词性辨析。①下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively，lonely，lovely，deadly，friendly，ugly，silly，likely，brotherly，timely等。②表原意(无-ly)和引申意(有-ly)的副词：③有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：2.形容词和副词的比较等级(1)原级的构成和用法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as＋原级形容词/副词＋as” 的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“notso/as＋原级形容词/副词＋as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数＋as＋原级形容词/副词＋as”的结构。XiaoWangisastallasXiaoYu.MissXuspeaksEnglishasfluentlyasyou.Thisbuildinglooksnotso/ashighasthatone.Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.(2)比较级和最高级的构成。掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。(3)比较级的用法。①表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级＋than”的结构表示。Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone.②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less＋原级＋than”的结构表示。Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even，alot，abit，alittle，still，much，far，yet，byfar等修饰。Heworksevenharderthanbefore.注意：(A)英语的比较级前如无even，still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更”。Sheisbetterthanshewasyesterday.她今天身体好些了。Pleasecomeearliertomorrow.请明天早点来。(B)byfar通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。Heistallerbyfarthanhisbrother.Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the＋比较级(主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(主语＋谓语)”的结构(意为“越……就越……”)。Theharderheworks，thehappierhefeels.⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”的结构。Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior(劣等的，次的)，superior(较好的，优于……)，junior(资历较浅的)，senior(资格较老的)，prior(在……之前)等。 HeissuperiortoMrZhanginchemistry.⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人又可指物；that可代替单数可数名词(相当于theone)和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。Thebookonthetableismoreinterestingthanthat(或theone)onthedesk.I’mafraidAlice’stheonlyonewhocandoit.⑧倍数表达法。(A)Aisthree(four，etc.)timesthesize(height，length，etc.)ofB.Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.(B)Aisthree(four，etc.)timesasbig(high，long，etc.)asB.AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.(C)Aisthree(four，etc.)timesbigger(higher，longer，etc.)thanB.Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.注意：用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double。(4)最高级的用法。①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the＋最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.②最高级可被序数词以及much，byfar，nearly，almost，bynomeans，notquite，notreally等词或短语修饰。Thishatisbyfar/much/nearly/almost/notreally/bynomeans/notquitethebiggest.③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。Heisthetallest(boy)inhisclass.⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。Ofalltheboyshecame(the)earliest.⑥否定词＋比较级＝最高级Hehasneverspentamoreworryingday.(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。Heisamostcleveryoungpoliceman.(amost＝very) Thefilmismostinteresting.(most＝very)③表示两者间“较……的一个”，比较级前加the。Whoistheolderofthetwoboys?④在“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”结构中，可用省略形式。Themore，thebetter.(6)由as组成的形容词或副词短语。①asmuchas＋不可数名词　数量多达……Eachstoneweighsasmuchasfifteentons.Shecouldearnasmuchas100dollarsaweek.②asmanyas＋可数名词复数　数量多达……Ihaveasmanyassixteenreferencebooks.③asearlyas早在AsearlyasthetwelfthcenturytheEnglishbegantoinvadetheisland.④asfaras远到；就……而知(论)Wemightgoasfaras(远到)thechurchandback.AsfarasIknow(据我所知)，hehasbeentherebefore.⑤may(might，could)aswell不妨，不如Thenyoumightaswellstaywithushere.⑥as...asonecan尽某人所能的……Hebegantorun，asfastashecould.⑦as...aspossible尽可能……的Justgetthemtofinishupasquicklyaspossible.3.几组重要的词语辨析(1)very和much的区别。①可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。②表示状态的分词形容词前用very。如averyfrightenedboy，averytiredchild，averycomplicatedproblem。一般情况下，以-ing，-ed结尾的分词形容词多用much，verymuch，greatly等修饰。WeweregreatlyshockedbythenewsaboutTom.IwasmuchamusedbyJack’sattitude.③已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：veryinteresting/worrying/exciting。④too前用much，alot或far，不用very。如：Youaremuch/far/alottoonice.另外，在toomany/much，toofew/little前可用far。There’sfartoolittleopportunityforadventurethesedays. We’vegotfartoomanyeggsandfartoofeweggcups.⑤关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：(A)修饰“绝对”意义的形容词，一般不用very，而用quite，completely，well，entirely。如：quitewrong(mistaken，sure)，completelydead，quiteimpossible，quiteperfect等。(B)修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quitealone，verymuchalone，wideawake，fastasleep，verymuchafraid。(C)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：bewellworth，muchthesame，freezingcold，quitedifferent，terriblycold/frightening。(2)so...that...与such...that...的区别。注意：下列结构中只能用so不可用such：当名词前有many，much，little，few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如somuchprogress，somanypeople，solittlefood，sofewapples等。但当little表示“小”时用such，如：Thesearesuchlittleboysthattheycan’tdressthemselves.下列短语中so的用法是错误的：soadifficultproblem，sodifficultproblems，sohotweather。(3)其他几组词的辨析。①ago，before：ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。②already，yet，still：already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。③too，also，either：too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语；either用于否定句。④good，well：与good不同的是，well作形容词用，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好的”；well还可作副词修饰动词。⑤quick，fast：作形容词皆表示“快的”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思；quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。⑥real，true：作形容词皆表示“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。⑦hard，difficult：均表示“困难”，但hard通常指体力上困难；difficult则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。1.搭配错误 2.汉语干扰，词性混乱(1)形容词误作动词(误)HeeagertoknoweverythingaboutChina.(正)Heis eagertoknoweverythingaboutChina.(2)形容词与名词混淆(误)Thesportteachesustheimportantofobedience.(正)Thesportteachesustheimportanceofobedience.(3)形容词与副词混淆(误)Unfortunate，manypeopleareignorantofit.(正)Unfortunately，manypeopleareignorantofit.3.比较级的错误表达(误)Thesealevelisrisingmore and more high.(误)Thesealevelisrisingmore and more higher.(正)Thesealevelisrisinghigher and higher.考向1　词形变换之形容词Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Runningischeap，easyandit’salwaysenergetic(energy).(2018·全国Ⅰ)解析　连系动词is后接形容词作表语，故填energy的形容词形式energetic。2.AccordingtotheWorldBank，Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotalglobal(globe)fertilizerconsumption.(2018·全国Ⅱ)解析　fertilizerconsumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。3.Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybeaffordable(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.(2018·浙江)解析　根据前面的be可知，此处是系表结构，应用形容词；根据eatingoutonceortwiceaweek并结合常识可知应是“付得起(affordable)”。4.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃点心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However，becareful(care)nottogotoextremes.(2017·全国Ⅰ)解析　be之后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式是careful。 5.TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemostsuccessful(success)ofthesenewlines，andwasopenedin1900.(2017·全国Ⅱ)解析　“oneofthe＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，此处应填success的形容词形式successful。6.Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser，andshenoticedashiny/shining(shine)object.(2017·浙江)解析　空格处修饰名词object，故用形容词。shine的形容词形式为shiny或shining，意为“闪闪发光的”。7.Shewasaverycaring/careful(care)mother.For25days，sheneverleftherbaby，noteventofindsomethingtoeat！(2016·四川)解析　空格处修饰名词mother，故用形容词。care的形容词是caring(照料他人的)或careful(细心的)。在此，两个形容词在语意上都能讲得通。8.Asnatural(nature)architects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(2015·全国Ⅱ)解析　修饰名词architects，故要用形容词形式。Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Ifeltthattheirlifehadimproved.(2018·全国Ⅰ)解析　feel在此处是连系动词，后接形容词作表语。2.Iwasafraidtospeakinfrontofagroupofpeople.(2018·全国Ⅲ)解析　句意为：我不敢在一大群人面前说话。这里没有比较的意味，故把larger改为large。3.ItwasareliefandIcametoastopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.(2017·全国Ⅰ)解析　此处stop是名词，名词前用形容词修饰，所以把suddenly改为sudden。4.Ienjoyedstudyingkindsofcarsandplanes，playingpopmusic，andcollectingthelatestmusicalbums.(2017·全国Ⅲ)解析　形容词修饰名词kinds。5.Atonetime，Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefromthem.(2016·全国Ⅲ)解析　此处应用形容词作表语。 6.Lotsofstudieshaveshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryproblem.(2015·全国Ⅰ)解析　名词前应该用形容词作定语。故seriously应改为serious。7.Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereally.(2015·陕西)解析　句意为：我认为饼干真的很好。good作形容词，意为“好的”，而well作形容词意为“健康的，适宜的”。由句意可知此处应用good。考向2　词形变换之副词Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Atasteformeatisactually(actual)behindthechange：Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens，pigs，andcattle.(2018·全国Ⅱ)解析　句意为：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰整个句子。故填actually。2.Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairly(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers，withallthesmokeandnoise.(2017·全国Ⅱ)解析　所填词修饰形容词unpleasant，故用fair的副词形式fairly。3.Itiscertainly(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.(2017·全国Ⅲ)解析　此处应该用副词来修饰形容词fun。certain的副词形式为certainly。4.Fromtomorrow，IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbeofficially(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.(2016·全国Ⅰ)解析　修饰谓语动词应当用副词。5.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhichgradually(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.(2016·全国Ⅲ)解析　此处应用副词修饰动词。6.Chinesescientistsrecently(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.(2016·四川)解析　空格处修饰动词短语hadachance，应用副词。recent的副词形式是recently。7.Abercrombie&Kent，atravelcompanyinHongKong，saysitregularly(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeoplelivinginShanghaiandHongKong.(2015·全国Ⅰ)解析　空格处修饰谓语动词arrange，要用副词形式regularly。8.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheatslowly(slow)duringcoolnights，thuswarmingthehouse.(2015·全国Ⅱ) 解析　修饰谓语动词giveout，因此要用副词形式。9.Heownedafarm，whichlookedalmostabandoned.Luckily(lucky)，healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.(2015·广东)解析　第二句句意为：幸运的是，他还有一头奶牛，每天都能产奶。luckilyadv.幸运的是，这里用副词修饰整个句子。Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.，Iraisedmyhand.(2018·全国Ⅲ)解析　此处要用副词在句中作状语修饰整个句子，故把immediate改为immediately。2.ThefirsttimeIwentthere，theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs，ducks，andotheranimals.LastwinterwhenIwentagain，theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchickens.(2018·全国Ⅰ)解析　去乡下看望爷爷奶奶，应该是“远指”而非“近指”，故把here改为there。3.Instead，hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrow.(2016·全国Ⅰ)解析　修饰谓语动词用副词。4.DadandIwereworried.(2015·全国Ⅱ)解析　worried为形容词化了的过去分词，修饰形容词应该用副词，所以将terrible改为terribly。5.Ontheleft-handsideoftheclass，Icouldseethefootballfield.(2015·浙江)解析　修饰动词see要用副词，故将easy改为easily。考向3　形容词和副词的比较等级Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Therecouldbeanevenhigher(high)costonyourhealth.(2018·浙江)解析　“副词even＋比较级”表示“更……”，强调程度。2.Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal，runnerslivethreeyearslonger(long)thannon-runners.(2018·全国Ⅰ)解析　医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活三年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。3.Asaresult，peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Evenworse(bad)，theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.(2017· 全国Ⅰ)解析　根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。evenworse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。4.Sixteenyearsearlier(early)，Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondringtocookameal.(2017·浙江)解析　sixteenyearsearlier意为“早在16年前”。5.Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork，youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseofgreater(great)andlessimportance.(2016·全国Ⅱ)解析　根据后面的andless可知，此处也要用比较级形式。Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Theyoftengetupandwaterthevegetablestogether.(2017·全国Ⅱ)解析　此处叙述他们经常早起这一事实，没有比较的意思，故不用比较级。2.Theywerealsothebestandyearsinmylife.(2016·全国Ⅲ)解析　与前面的best并列，此处应用最高级。3.ThedishesthatIcookedwereMom’s.(2016·四川)解析　favorite没有比较级和最高级。4.Mymummakesthebiscuitsintheworld，soIdecidedtoaskherforhelp.(2015·陕西)解析　前面有定冠词the，后面有表示范围的intheworld，所以应该用形容词的最高级，故将better改为best。考向4　易混淆形容词、副词与特殊结构中的副词Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Pahlssonscreamedsoloudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.(2017·浙江)解析　分析句子结构可知，so与后面的that构成句型so...that...，意为“如此……以至于……”。so修饰副词loudly。2.ItwasraininglightlywhenIarrivedinYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhoursbefore/earlier，I’dbeenathomeinHongKong，withitschokingsmog.(2015·全国Ⅰ)解析　由语境可知，几个小时之前我还在香港的家中，由此可知before/earlier符合句意。Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1.IwassomuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.(2017·全国Ⅰ)解析　这句话中含有so...that...(如此……以至于……)结构，故much在此处是多余的。2.Afewminutes，theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.(2017·全国Ⅰ)解析　“一段时间＋later”表示“多长时间之后”，是固定用法。3.rareanimalsaredyingout.(2015·全国Ⅰ)解析　animals为可数名词复数形式，所以用many修饰；much只能修饰不可数名词。故将Much改为Many。4.Helikeditsoverymuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop.(2015·全国Ⅱ)解析　此处为so...that...句式，所以much前用副词so修饰。故删除very。5.Nearlyfiveyears，andwiththehelpofourfather，mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes(圣女果)inourbackgarden.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)解析　相对于说话时以前用ago；相对于过去的某个时间或动作之前才用before。故将before改为ago。6.Asaresult，theplantsaregrowing.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)解析　somewhere意为“某处”，而句意为“植物到处生长”，故somewhere应改为everywhere。7.Theearlymorningbarkinghasbeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.，Cleotendstobarkanaverageofsixhoursaday.(2014·辽宁)解析　此处表示“此外，而且”，应用besides。beside在……旁边。8.Wedon’tneedtodosohomework.(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ)解析　homework是不可数名词，修饰不可数名词用much不用many。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.HespoketomeinEnglishandstartedexplaininghispastlifewhenhewashealthy(health).2.Itmighthavemadeitalittleharder(hard)foreverybodybecauseitmeanttheyhadtoturnaround，butthatdidn’tstopthekidsintheclass.3.Lostinthetune，hecamesuddenlyuponahomeless(home)beggarlyinginthemidstofthesidewalk.Hereacheddown，touchedthebeggar’scheek，andlefta100-dollar billtohim.4.Themorewedoforthepeople，thehappier(happy)we’llbe.5.Thelyricsofthesongsmakerapmusictruly(true)unique.6.Somepoliticianshavebeenquicktodescribetheeventassimpleviolent(violence)action.7.Theywereclearly(clear)long-standingcustomers，andIsupposetheymusthavestayedfaithful(faith)tohimbecausehehadpromisedtosellfruitofgoodquality.8.Theconclusionsarecontainedintheagency’slatest(late)report.9.Theteacherreplied，“Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbesweeter(sweet).”10.ForsomereasonhesatbesideMary.Maryfeltpleased(please)，becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Thatistoomuchforus，consideringhowthehousesare.2.Don’tpanicorgetoutofline，andtrytoremainquietand.3.，Cleoalsohasagiftforpainting.4.Nooneinthecarriagehadspokentoorevennoticedtheticket-ownerbefore.5.Myunclesjumpedupandshottheirarrowsatthebird.6.Iremembermygrandfathervery.7.Tomakematters，nowIhavetosharearoomwithmyyoungersister，Maggie.8.Iamawfully，butIknowI’llneverfallasleep.9.Todaywehadachemistrytest.Ifoundthetest，butItriedhardtodoit.10.Afterwaitingforabouthalfanhour，Iwasbeginningtoget. Ⅲ.语法填空(形容词和副词专练)Idon’tthinkthereismuch1.difficulty(difficult)inlearningEnglishwell，becauseaslongasyoumasterthemethodandworkhard，youcanmakeprogress2.rapidly(rapid).Ibelievethatthe3.harder(hard)youworkatyourstudy，thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.Forexample，LiPing，afriendofmine，isthe4.mosthard-workingstudentinourclass，andhegets5.higher(high)marksthananyotherstudentinourclassineveryEnglishtest.Ledbyhim，allthestudentsinourclassarestudyingEnglishharder6.thanbefore.Asaresult，inthe7.latest(late)Englishtest，ourclasswasthe8.better(good)ofthetwoclassestaughtbyourEnglishteacher，andthenumberofstudentswhogotexcellentmarksistwice9.larger(large)thanthatoftheother.10.Therefore，allofusshouldstudyhardnomatterwhatwelearn.Ⅰ.单句语法填空(一)1.Ronhadasuccessful(success)careerandworkedforFordbeforeretiringandleadingarelaxedlife.2.ThePalaceMuseumhasacollection(collect)of96millionpiecesofancientChineseartworks.3.ItwasabadnightforLouis.Hisresearchintheneighboringtowntooklonger(long)thanhehadexpected.4.Thatnight，Ifellasleepwithanewappreciation(appreciate)formymotherandhercaringhands.5.Ifwecarryourburdensallthetime，soonerorlater，astheburdenbecomesincreasingly(increasing)heavy，wewon’tbeabletocarryon.6.Hedidn’tputthethingswheretheybelonged，forwhichreasonhegothispunishment(punish).7.Astheycouldn’tplayoutdoors，theywereunhappy(happy)，andsomeevengotintofightsfromtimetotime.8.Theuniversityisveryfamous，sotherearealotofapplicants(applicant)whowanttobeadmittedtoit.9.Myauntadvisedsendingmetothehospital，andthetreatmentsheprovidedgave myparentsvaluable(value)timetotakemetothehospital.10.Hisfriendadvisedhimtowritedowntheusefulexpressions(express)inhisnotebooksothathecouldusethemwhennecessary.11.Wecanstartthehabitbywritinglearningsummariesandremembertorecordsomethingimpressive(impress)andmeaningful.12.Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience，especially(especial)ifyouaretravellingathighspeed.13.MuchsimplerasChinesegrammaris，Chinesehasatoneandwritingsystemthatismoredifficultforlearners(learn)tomaster.14.LittleTommyisreallyhardtodealwith.Youcan’tfindanoisier(noisy)boyintheclass.15.Whenyouarefacedwithchallenges，youshouldbelievethatconfidence(confident)iswhatmakesadifference.(二)16.Ofallthecitiesintheworld，oneofthetopsixhealthiest(healthy)citiesisCopenhagen，Denmark.17.Atthepressconference，agovernmentspokesmanexpressedhisgreatconcernforthesafety(safe)ofthethreetrappedworkers.18.MyapplicationwassuccessfulandIspenta(n)enjoyable(enjoy)monthlearningfilm-making.19.I’msureitisofgreatusetokeepadiaryinEnglishfortheimprovement(improve)ofwritingabilities.20.Surprisingly(surprising)，whenIgothome，Ifoundawet20billstucktotheground.21.In1971，afternearlytwohundredfailures(failure)，Tu’steamfoundanextractthatwas100%effectiveagainstthemalariaparasites—artemisinin.22.Itmaynotbeagreatsuggestion.Butbeforeabetter(good)oneisputforward，we’llmakedowithit.23.Youmayfindtoyouramazement(amaze)thatthereismorekindnessinyourcommunitythanyoueverbelievedpossible.24.Thescientistssaythatthecurrentwarmingcouldhavethesameeffectonmammalsandcouldevenmakehumanssmaller(small).25.WhenthedognamedJudyspottedthefirstsheepinherlife，shedidwhatcomesnaturally(natural). Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)(一)1.OnedayinSeniorGrade1，IhappenedtoseeanEnglishmovienamedSpeed.ItwassothatIwatcheditagainandagain.2.Mumtaughtmesomebasicofbaking.3.WhenMrTangslowlywentintotheclassroom，wecouldseethatitwashardforhimtoleaveusthoughhehadtaughtusforonlythreemonths.4.Afterafewmonths，weallfeltthatwehadbeenabletobuildmuchrelationshipswiththefamilythanwehadbefore.5.Afterall，onlybyworkingcanonesucceed.6.WithoutMotherandFather’slove，Iwouldn’tbeleadingsuchalifenow.7.Manyyoungboysandgirlshavethehabitofsmoking，thoughtheyaremiddleschool.8.AlittlechildisgreatfunandIliketoplaywithhimorher.9.Afterthebathhelookedandrefreshed.10.Mymindlesswordsmusthavehurthim.11.Therearesotomatoesthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.12.Isawanoldladycryingbecauseshehadlostherticketandwasnotabletoaffordanotherone.13.Ihavefoundyourtipsonteachingso.14.Also，arearrangedforyoutospendweekendstogetherwithyourhostfamily，soyoucanlearnAmericanEnglishinauthenticsituations. 15.Youcanneverbetoowhencrossingthestreet.(二)16.I’dliketogiveyousomeonhowtolearnChinesewell.17.Ihavefoundthatsomeofmyclassmatesstudyintothenight.18.IalsoreadnewsandwatchvideosontheInternetandfromother.19.IhavealotoffunwhenlearningEnglishwithcartoonmovies.20.Myfatherdidn’trealizetheofdrivingacarafterdrinking.21.Ifyouonlylearngrammarrulesbyheartanddon’tdoenough，it’scertainthatyoucan’tunderstandthelanguageperfectly.22.forme，myparentscanunderstandmystressfulconditionandoftencommunicatewithmewithencouragingwords.23.Arecentsurveyshowsthatmanystudentshavegotintosomebadliving，whichdogreatharmtotheirhealth.24.Aslongasyouformhabitsandkeepthem，you’llhaveastrongbodyandliveahealthylife.25.Mydreamistobecomeasuccessfuldoctor，helpingtosavelives.Ⅲ.语法填空(2018·广西自治区二模)Chinamaybehometoboththelongestandhighestbridgesintheworld,1.        neitherisaspioneeringastheNanjingYangtzeRiverBridge.2.        (build)duringthe1960’s，thedouble-deckedbridge3.        (consider)innovativewhenitwascompletedin1968.Butmoreimportantlytosome，itwasalsothefirstmodernbridgetobedesignedandbuiltbyChinawithouthelpfromforeign4.        (architect).“Thebridgewassoimportantthatit’sundoubtedlyasymbolofthecity，”saidLuAndong，aprofessoratNanjingUniversity’sSchoolofArchitectureandUrbanPlanning.“It isbeingrepaired5.        transportationandsafetypurposes，butIwouldexpectthechance6.        (transform)thebridge’stowerandtheattachedparkintoplacesofmemory.”Withalengthofover5,000feet，thebridge7.        (carry)bothcarsandtrains.8.        (it)upperdeckisafour-lanehighwaywithsidewalks，whiletherailwaytracksarenowpartoftheBeijing-Shanghaitrainroute.“Everybodylovesthebridge，”saidWangShiqing，alongtimeNanjingresident9.        hascollectedover1,000piecesofNanjingYangtzeRiverBridgesouvenirs.“It’sasourceofpride,10.        (especial)forlocalNanjingpeople，”hesays.1.答案　but/yet解析　考查连词。前一句中说中国也许有世界上最长和最高的桥，后面说没有一座桥能够与南京长江大桥一样具有开创性，两个句子之间是转折关系，故填表示转折的并列连词but/yet。2.答案　Built解析　考查非谓语动词。句意为：这座双层桥建于20世纪60年代，于1968年竣工时被认为是具有创新精神的。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，动词build和主语thedouble-deckedbridge之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填Built。3.答案　wasconsidered解析　考查动词的时态和语态。句意见上题解析。分析句子结构可知，该空是句子的谓语，consider和主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语“whenitwascompletedin1968”可知要用一般过去时，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填wasconsidered。4.答案　architects解析　考查名词单复数。句意为：更重要的是，这也是第一座没有外国建筑师的帮助、由中国自行设计和建造的现代桥梁。architect是可数名词，意为“建筑师”，前面没有冠词和限定词，所以要用复数形式。故填architects。5.答案　for解析　考查介词。句意为：出于运输和安全的考虑，该桥正在检修，但我希望这是一次把桥塔和附属的公园变成记忆之地的机会。for...purpose为固定搭配，意为“为……目的”。故填for。6.答案　totransform解析　考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。thechancetodosth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事的机会”。故填totransform。 7.答案　carries解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为：大桥长度超过5000英尺，既有汽车通过，也有火车通过。分析句子结构可知，设空处应为谓语动词，陈述了南京长江大桥的特点，所以要用一般现在时，且thebridge是第三人称单数形式，因此，谓语动词也应用单数形式。故填carries。8.答案　Its解析　考查代词。句意为：它的上层是一条四车道并带有人行道的公路，而铁轨则是京沪火车路线的一部分。名词upperdeck需要用形容词性物主代词修饰，故填Its。9.答案　who/that解析　考查定语从句。句意为：“人人都爱这座桥梁。”一位长期住在南京的居民王世青说道。他已收集了超过1000件南京长江大桥的纪念品。设空处是定语从句的引导词，先行词是resident，意为“居民”，指人；关系词在从句中作主语，故填who/that。10.答案　especially解析　考查词性转换。句意为：这是一种自豪感的来源，尤其是对南京本地人来说。设空处修饰介词短语forlocalNanjingpeople，要用副词。故填especially。Ⅳ.短文改错(2018·山东青岛质检)Goodteachersarelikecandlesthatgiveswarmthandlighttostudents.MissWangisoneofthegoodteacherofmine.IcanstillrememberthatcoldmorningwhenIwaswalkingtoschoolaloneasusually.Amotorbikeknockedmedownandraceoff.Iwasleftontheicyground，criedloudly.ItwasMissWangwhosentmetonearesthospital.Besides，shewenttothehospitaltohelpmewiththemissinglessonseveryday.ThemomentwhenIthinkofit，I’llfeelwarm.ButI’dliketobeagoodteacherlikehiminthefuture.答案　Goodteachersarelikecandlesthatwarmthandlighttostudents.MissWangisoneofthegoodofmine.IcanstillrememberthatcoldmorningwhenIwaswalkingtoschoolaloneas.Amotorbikeknockedmedownandoff.Iwasleftontheicyground，或loudly.ItwasMissWangwhosentmetonearesthospital.Besides，shewenttothehospitaltohelpme withthelessonseveryday.ThemomentwhenIthinkofit，I’llfeelwarm.I’dliketobeagoodteacherlikeinthefuture.