初中中考英语语法被动语态的讲解_专项练习及参考答案 17页

被动语态全解语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。一．被动语态的时态：1.一般现在时的被动语态：2.一般过去时的被动语态：3.一般将来时的被动语态：4.过去将来时的被动语态：5.现在进行时的被动语态：6.过去进行时的被动语态：7.现在完成时的被动语态：8.过去完成时的被动语态：9.情态动词的被动语态：10.动词不定时的被动语态：二．被动语态的基本用法:(1)需要强调动作的承受者时TheGreatWallisenjoyedbymillionsofpeopleallovertheworldEnglishiswidelyspokenintheworldnow.(2)不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时Mr.Wangisinvitedtothemeetingtoday.Theproblemisdealtwithnow.(3)当说话人需要强调客观时Itissaidthatshewasabeautywhenshewasyoung.三．主动主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变bedone,时不变，数格必须随被变。注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。2.主动、被动的句式要一致。3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。语态转换不被动语态的步骤1,把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语2,把动词改为被动语态形式即"be+过去分词"。17 3,原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要就放在by的后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为by是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。)以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要,可以省略。4,其它成分不变5,被动语态中"by+宾语"的省略被动语态句式中的"by+宾语"表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者,但是在遇到以下情况时,表示动作执行者"by+宾语"常常被省略。(1)动作执行者不确定时Paperismadefromwood.Manypeoplearekilledintrafficaccidentseveryyear.(2)不必表明动作执行者时EnglishisalsospokenasthesecondlanguageaswellasoneoftheofficiallanguagesFootballisplayedinmostschools。(3)动作执行者为一般大众时BothEnglishandSpanisharespokeninthisarea.一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式(1)肯定式:主语+was/were+过去分词+byItwasmadeinBeijingRen"aiEducationInstitute.(2)否定式:主语+was/were+not+过去分词+byShewasnotgivenapanitingbyhim.Thisquestionwasnotdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday.(3)一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+过去分词+by?Wasitmadeofbamboo?(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+过去分词+byWhatwasismadeof?教你一招如果句子为一般现在时,主动语态用do/does,被动语态用is/am/are17 如果句子为一般过去时,主动语态用did,被动语态用was/were.由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式(1)肯定式:主语+情态动词+be+过去-Watercanbechangedintoice.Sheoughttotidyupherbedroom----Herbedroomoughttobetidiedup.Youshouldbuyadictionaryatonce----Adictionaryshouldbeboughtatoncebyyou.(2)否定式:主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词+byYoumustnottakeoutanybooks.-Anybooksmustn"tbetakenoutbyyou.Theyneedn"tlookafterthelittlechild----Thelittlechildneedn"tbelookedafter(bythem)(3)疑问句:情态动词+主语+be+过去分词+byCanyouuseit?------Canitbeused?常见的情态动词有:can,may,oughtto,must,dare,need,should.主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况:1,当宾语是反身代词时ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.Parker.2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时Doesthepairofnewshoessuityou?Wewillhaveameeting.四．特殊情况的被动语态：1.带双宾语的被动语态：动词+sb(间宾)+sth(直宾)口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to/for间宾连。1).give/pass/show与介词to搭配。givesbsth——sb+begivensth或sth+begiven+tosb.2).buy/make/cook与介词for搭配。buysbsth——sb+bebought+sth或sth+bebought+forsb1）HegavemeabookI____________abookbyhim.Abook_____________mebyhim.2）Mymothermademeacake.I_________acakebymymotherAcake____________mebymymother.2.带省to的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+sb+dosth.口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。动词：make/let/have/see/hear/feel/watchmakesbdosth----sb+be+made+todosth17 ThebossmadetheworkersworkalldayTheworkers____________workalldaybytheboss.3.see/hear/notice/keep+sb+doingsth句型中变被动语态时doing不变。IheardTomsingingjustnowTom_______________bymejustnow.4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。Weshouldtakecareoftheold.Theoldshould_____________________.五．注意事项：1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态：last,have,own…..belongto,suit…fine,2.不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen,takeplace,appear,hold(容纳)3.系动词是没有被动语态：Look,feel,sound,smell,taste….Thedishtastesgood.4.有些词组没有被动语态：sellwell,writewell,ridewell,drivewellThiskindofskirtsellswell.5.need表示需要时，后面常接doing形式表示被动意义，相当于tobedone.Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=Allthecomputersneed_______________.6.在too…to…及enoughto…结构中有时表示被动意义。Theproblemistoodifficulttosolve.（一）一、单项选择()1.—Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?—Yes.Ourclassroom___everyday.A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleanedD.iscleaning()2.Atalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnology___intheschoolhallnextweek.A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.give()3.Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()4.—DidyougotoJack’sbirthdayparty?—No,I____.A.amnotinvitedB.wasn’tinvitedC.haven’tinvitedD.didn’tinvite()5.—Mum,canIgotothezoowithJack?17 —Whenyourhomework___,youcan.A.isdoneB.wasdoneC.doesD.did()6.Twenty—year—oldsshouldnot____todriveinChina.A.allowB.beallowC.beallowedD.allowed.()7.Seeinghimrushintotheroomwithtearsinhiseyes,Iaskedhimwhat___.A.wouldhappenB.hadhappenedC.happenedD.washappened.()8.ThebookBusiness@theSpeedofThought___in1999.A.writesB.iswrittenC.wroteD.waswritten.()9.Treesandflowers__everyyeartomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.A.isplantedB.wasplantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted.()10.China’ssportsstarsYaoMingandLiuXiang___GoodWillAmbassadors(亲善大使)forShanghai.A.hasbeennamedB.havebeennamedC.hasnamedD.havenamed.()11.Theearthisourhome.It___well.A.mustbeprotectedB.shouldprotectC.needprotectD.shouldprotected.()12.Inrecentyears,manychildrenaremade___whattheyarenot___.A.todo;interestedinB.todo;interestedC.do;interestedD.do;interested.()13.___anewlibrary____inyourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;builtD.Did;built.()14.Anaccident___onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened.()15.Cotten____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow.()16.Sofar,themoon___bymanalready.17 A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited.()17.Howmanytrees___thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted.()18.Alotofthings___bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone.()19.Neitherofthem___inChinaA.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made.()20.Look!Anicepicture___forourteacher.A.isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws.()21.Yourshoes___.Youneedanewpair.A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn.()22.Thedoctor___foryet.A.isn’tsentB.hasn’tbeensentC.won’tbesentD.wasn’tsent.()23—When___thiskindofcomputer___?—Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used()24.TheGreatWall__aboutallovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown.()25.I___insummer.A.bornB.wasbornC.havebeenbornD.amborn.()26.HesaysthatMrZhang___tothefactorynextweek.A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent.()27.Who___thisbook__?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.do;writtenD.was;written()28.Mary___showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto()29.Astory__byGrannyyesterday.17 A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()30.Themonkeywasseen____outofthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump（二）二、单项选择1()1ThePeople"sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused2()1Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()2-I"dliketobuythatcoat.-I"msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it"ssellingC.It"sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed17 3()1Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()2Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn"tB.won"tC.isn"tD.doesn"t4()1-Myshoesarewornout.-___.A.Can"ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can"ttheymended?()2___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()3___thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do5()1Why___totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn"tameetingholdB.wasn"tameetingheldC.wasn"theldameetingD.ameetingwasn"theld()2Whowasthebook___?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()3Where___theseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am6()1Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()2Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()3Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended17 7()1Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()2Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown()3Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild8()1Nowthesemagazines___inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()2Thepot___for___hotwater.A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()3Tea___inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()4Thebridges___twoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt()5Wetclothesareoften__upnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung9()1Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust__dirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing()2Theteapot___water.A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled()3Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.17 A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento()4Oldpeoplemust___.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell10()1Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare()2Theywere___atthesuddennoise.A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens()3Thesewalls___stones.A.aremadeofB.madeofC.aremadeintoD.madeinto11()1Jane___tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid()2Thepapers___tothem.A.wereshownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown()3Thecoat___hersister.A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto12()1I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven()2Goodcare____suchthings.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof()3Shewill____goodcare____.A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou17 13()1Theteachermadehim___hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done()2Theboy___streetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()3Thesechildren____dance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto14()1Thesestones___well.A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted()2Thebike___500yuan.A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted()3Theimportantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.A.washadB.washeldC.heldD.had15()1Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace()2Youcan"tusethecomputer,it____.A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown()3Greatchanges___inourcountryduringthepast20years.A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened()4Thewatchhasoften___down.A.satB.lainC.brokenD.fell16()1Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone___.A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken()2Thestorybooks___bythewriterinthe1960s.17 A.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting()3Whattime___thedoor___everyday?A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close17()1Canhe___himself?A.getdressB.getdressedC.getsdressedD.insteadof()2Hefellfromhisbikeand___.A.ishurtB.getshurtC.gothurtD.hurt()3Lookout,pleasekeepawayfromthefire,oryourtrouserswill__.A.burntB.burnC.burningD.getburnt18()1Theapple___verysweet.A.istastedB.tasteC.tastesD.aretasting()2You___morebeautifulinthelightblueshirt.A.seeB.watchC.lookD.lookat()3Whatyousaid___likeagoodidea.A.heardB.listenedC.soundD.sounded19()1-WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay?-Wonderful.Itisworth___asecondtime.A.watchingB.watchedC.seenD.seeing()2Howdirtythetablesare!Theyneed___.A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned()3Thebookisworth___.A.seeingB.readingC.seenD.read17 （一）参考答案1~5CBABA6~10CBDCB11~15AABDA16~20CCBAB21~25CBBCB26~30DBBBD（二）参考答案：1.1-5BDDDC2.1-5BCBBC3.1-3ABB4.1-3ABA5.1-3BDB6.1-3BAD7.1-3ABA8.1-5DBBCD9.1-4BADD10.1-3BBA11.1-3BAC12.1-3DDB13.1-3BAA14.1-4BCB15.1-4BDAC16.1-3ABC17.1-3BCD18.1-3CCD19.1-3ACB-17 初中英语语法专项习题14-被动语态()1ThePeople"sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused2()1Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()2-I"dliketobuythatcoat.-I"msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it"ssellingC.It"sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()6Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished3()1Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()2Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn"tB.won"tC.isn"tD.doesn"t4()1-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can"ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can"ttheymended?()2___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()3___thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do5()1Why___totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn"tameetingholdB.wasn"tameetingheld17 C.wasn"theldameetingD.ameetingwasn"theld()2Whowasthebook___?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()3Where___theseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am6()1Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()2Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()3Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended7()1Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()2Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown()3Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild8()1Nowthesemagazines___inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()2Thepot___for___hotwater.A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()3Tea___inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()4Thebridges___twoyearsago.WOIt"saHaidiantopproblemoA.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt()5Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung9()1Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing()2Theteapot___water.A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled()3Oldpeoplemustbelooked^fterwelland___politely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento()4Oldpeoplemust___.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell10()1Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare()2Theywere___atthesuddennoise.A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens()3Thesewalls___stone.A.aremadeofB.madeofuC.aremadeintoD.madeinto11()1Jane___tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid()2Thepapers___to17 them.A.wereshownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown()3Thecoat___hersister.A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto12() 1I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven()2Goodcare____suchthings.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof()3Shewill____goodcare____.A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou13()1Theteachermadehim___hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done()2Theboy___streetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()3Thesechildren____dance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto14()1Thesestones___well.A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted()2Thebike___500yuan.A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted()3Theimportantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.A.was"hadB.washeldC.heldD.had15()1Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace()2Youcan"tusethecomputer,it____.A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown()3Greatchanges___inourcountryduringthepast20years.A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened()4Thewatchhasoften___down.A.satB.lainC.brokenD.fell16()1Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone___.A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken()2Thestorybooks___bythewriterinthe1960s.A.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting()3Whattime___thedoor___everyday?A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close17()1Canhe___himself?A.getdressB.getdressedC.getsdressedD.insteadof()2Hefellfromhisbikeand___.A.ishurtB.getshurtC.gothurtD.hurt()3Lookout,pleasekeepawayfromthefire,oryourtrouserswill__A.burntB.burnC.burningD.getburn18()1Theapple___verysweet.A.istastedB.taste-C.tastesD.aretasting()2You___morebeautifulinthelightblueshirt.A.seeB.watchC.lookD.lookat()3Whatyousaid___.likeagood17 idea.A.heardB.listenedC.soundD.sounded19()1-WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay?-Wonderful.Itisworth___asecondtime.A.watchingB.watchedC.seenD.seeing()2Howdirtythetablesare!Theyneed___.A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned()3Thebookisworth___.A.seeingB.readingC.seenD.read参考答案：1.1-5BDDDC　　　　　　2.1-6BCBBCA　　　　　　3.1-3ABB　　　　　　　4.1-3ABA　　　　　　　　5.1-3BDB6.1-3BAD7.1-3ABA8.1-5DBBCD9.1-4BADD10.1-3BBA11.1-3BAC12.1-3DDB13.1-3BAA14.1-4BCB15.1-4BDAC16.1-3ABC17.1-3BCD18.1-3CCD19.1-3ACB17