初中英语语法复习(定语从句) 3页

初中英语语法复习定语从句考点集汇、讲解和训练【考点扫描】中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1、定语从句的功用和结构2、关系代词和关系副词的功用3、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。【名师精讲】一.定语从句的功用和结构   在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.二.关系代词和关系副词的功用   关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell.2.作宾语：SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape”.3.作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.4.作状语I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate？Mr.Lee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.3.whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：I’vereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?6.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：    I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.    HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.7.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：    Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.    Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.四.关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroom whichwehadlivedinfortenyears. 五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1.只能使用that,不用which的情况：(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如：Allthathesaidistrue. (2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace. (3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.2.只能用which，不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：      Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.【中考范例】1.(2004年哈尔滨) ---Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees? ---Yes,hedoes. A.which B.whose C.where D.who 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。2.(2004年常州市) Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant. A.who B.where C.what D.that 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。3.(2004年扬州市) ---Whereisthescientist________gaveusthetalkyesterday? ---HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity. A.whom B.who C.whose D.which 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。4.(2004年益阳市)Ihatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle. A.whose B.whom C.which D.who 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。【巩固性练习】一.单项填空1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?---Oh!It’sMr.Baker,ourmathsteacher. A.he B.that C.whom D.which2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble. A.who B.which C.they D.where3.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada. A.which B.when C.who D.whom4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing. A.who B.whom C.he D.which5.Thisistheplace    _____Ihaveevervisited. A.there      B.when     C.where      D.which6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.  A.that B.which C.why D.when7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.  A.that B.which C.where D.why8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.  A.when B.where C.that D.which9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.  A.when B.where C.that D.onwhich10.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.  A.who B.that C.whose D.which11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.  A.that B.which C.when D.where12.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.  A.inwhich B.that C.whose D.where13.Thisisthehouse_______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.  A.which B.that C.when D. where14.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.  A.that B.which C.when D.where15.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.  A.that B.which C.where D.when二.用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.7.Themanwavedtous.Themanwasmyuncle.8.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.9.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.10.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.三.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig.2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass.8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.9.Isthistheplace_______yourfatheroncelived?10.I’llneverforgetthedays_______IjoinedtheLeague.【练习答案】一.1.B2.A3.C4.A5.D6.C7.C8.A9.C10.C11.D12.B13.D14.D15.B二.1.Theboywhowashereaminuteagoismyyoungerbrother.2.Theoldmanwhoteacheschemistryinacollegeisaprofessor.3.BeijingHotelwheretheforeignvisitorsliveisnearTianAnMenSquare.4.Thewomanwhomyouweretalkingaboutisherenow.5.Thisisthehallwherewelistenedtothereporttheotherday.6.Thecarwhichjustpasseduswasgoing90milesanhour.7.Themanwhowaveduswasmyuncle.8.Ienjoyedreadingthebookyougavemelastweek.9.ThesubjectIpreferisscience.10.ThemanIspoketoisaprofessor.三.1.that/which2.who/that3.that/which4.who/that5.that6.that7.which8.which/that9.where10.when