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  • 2022-06-17 15:58:35 发布

小学英语语法大全(5)

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第12讲一般现在时1、定义:表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有usually,often,everyday,sometimes,always,atweekends,onSundays等表示经常性时间的短语。2、构成:1)当谓语是be动词时,一般现在时的构成:主语+be动词+其他如:Iamastudent.HeisJim’sfather.TheyarefromJapan.2)当谓语是行为动词时,一般现在时的构成:①主语(非第三人称单数)+动词原形+其他如:IoftenwatchTVattheweekends.MrGreenandMrsGreenlikecollectingstamps.②主语(第三人称单数)+动词的第三人称单数形式+其他如:JimusuallyvisitshisgrandparentsonSundays.Shesometimesgoestotheparkwithhermother.3、动词三单形式的变化规则:①一般情况下,直接加s如:read-reads,swim-swims②以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾,加es如:wash-washes,watch-watches,do-does③以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,再加es如:study-studies,fly-flies④不规则变化如:have-has4、一般现在时的句型转换:肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答TheywatchTVeveryday.Theydon’twatchTVeveryday.—DotheywatchTVeveryday?—Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.ShewatchesTVeveryday.Shedoesn’twatchTVeveryday.—DoesshewatchTVeveryday?—Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.第13讲现在进行时1、定义:表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有now,look,listen等词。如:Iamwashingclothesnow.Look!LiuTaoisclimbingthetree.Listen!Janeissinginginthemusicroom.2、构成:be动词(am/is/are)+动词现在分词(V-ing)3、动词现在分词构成:①一般是在动词原形后加ing如:read-reading,drink-drinking,eat-eating,look-looking②以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e,再加ing如:write-writing,make-making,ride-riding,take-taking ①以重读闭音节结尾,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,要双写这个字母,再加ing如:sit-sitting,swim-swimming,put-putting,run-running,stop-stopping,get-getting,begin-beginning,jog-jogging,forget-forgetting4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词,它既有名词性质(可作主语),又有动词性质(可带宾语)。如:AskingthewayMyhobbyiscollectingstamps.Heisgoodatskating.5、现在进行时的句型转换:肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答Heisrunningnow.Heisn’trunningnow.—Isherunningnow?—Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.Theyaremakingapuppet.Theyaren’tmakingapuppet.—Aretheymakingapuppet?—Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.第14讲一般过去时1、定义:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:amomentago,justnow,yesterday,lastweek,thismorning等。如:Mybrotheroftenwenttoschoolbybikelastterm.Thewatchwasbesidethediaryamomentago.IwatchedthemoonandatethemooncakeslastMid-AutumnFestival.Jimwenttothesupermarketyesterday.2、构成:主语+动词的过去式+其他3、动词过去式的变化规则:①一般在动词原形末尾加ed如:play-played,listen-listened,look-looked②结尾是e的动词,加d如:live-lived,like-liked,taste-tasted③辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加ed如:study-studied,carry-carried,cry-cried④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写这个辅音字母,再加ed如:stop-stopped,plan-planned⑤不规则变化如:am/is-wasare-werehave/has-haddo-did go-wentsit-sattell-toldsee-sawget-gotmake-madegive-gaveread-readbuy-boughtcome-camedraw-dreweat-atefly-flewmeet-metput-putrun-ransay-saidsing-sangswim-swamtake-took 4、一般过去时的句型转换肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答HewatchedTVyesterday.Hedidn’twatchTVyesterday.—DidhewatchTVyesterday?—Yes,hedid./No,hedidn’t.Theyplayedgamesjustnow.Theydidn’tplaygamesjustnow.—Didtheyplaygamesjustnow?—Yes,theydid./No,theydidn’t.第15讲一般将来时1、定义:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,以及打算、计划或准备某事。句中一般含有表示将来的时间状语,如:tomorrowmorning,nextweek,thisafternoon等表示将来的时间状语。2、构成:①begongto+动词原形如:IamgoingtoseeaBeijingoperatomorrow.Wearegoingtomeetatbusstopathalfpastten.DadandIaregoingtoseeaBeijingoperathisafternoon.②will+动词原形如:Theywillgoswimmingthisafternoon.3、begoingto和will区别:①begoingto表示经过事先安排、打算或决定要做的事情,基本上一定会发生;will则表示有可能去做,但不一定发生,也常表示说话人的临时决定。如:Iamgoingtotakepartinapartythisevening.Theyarecleaningthelibrarynow.I’llgoandjointhem.②begoingto表示近期或眼下就要发生的事情;will表示的将来时间则较远一些。如:Heisgoingtowritealettertomorrow.Iwillmeetheroneday.③begoingto还可以用来表示有迹象表明某件事将要发生,常用于天气等自然现象。如:Look!It’sgoingtorain.4、一般将来时句型转换:肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答Sheisgoingtohaveapicnictomorrow.Sheisn’tgoingtohaveapicnictomorrow.—Isshegoingtohaveapicnictomorrow?—Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.Theywillgoswimmingthisafternoon.Theywillnot(won’t)goswimmingthisafternoon.—Willtheygoswimmingthisafternoon?—Yes,theywill./No,theywon’t. 第16讲句法1、陈述句说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子。基本结构:主语+谓语+其他1)肯定陈述句Wealllikepandasverymuch.2)否定陈述句Hedoesn’tdohouseworkatweekends3)肯定陈述句改否定陈述句①一般是在be动词或情态动词后加not。Marywasatschoolyesterday.—>Marywasnotatschoolyesterday.Icanmakeamodelplane.—>Icannotmakeamodelplane.②不含be动词或情态动词的,行为动词前要用助动词的否定式(don’t,doesn’t,didn’t),后面跟动词的原形。Helikesdrawingpictures.—>Hedoesn’tlikedrawingpictures.Iwenttotheparkyesterday.—>Ididn’tgototheparkyesterday.4)陈述句改一般疑问句①有be动词或情态动词的,把be动词或情态动词提前。Marywasatschoolyesterday.—>WasMaryatschoolyesterday?Icanmakeamodelplane.—>Canyoumakeamodelplane?②不含be动词或情态动词的句子,借助助动词开头,动词还原成原形。Helikesdrawingpictures.—>Doeshelikedrawingpictures.Iwenttotheparkyesterday.—>Didyougototheparkyesterday?2、疑问句用来提出问题,询问情况的句子,末尾用问号。1)一般疑问句:一般疑问句常用来询问一件事是否属实,通常以be动词,助动词或情态动词开头,用yes或no来回答,因此又叫是非疑问句,通常读升调。—IsMrGreenfromtheUK?—Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.—Doyouhaveanyhobbies?—Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.—Canyouplaytheguitar?—Yes,Ican./No,Ican’t.2)特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词引导,要求回答具体问题,不能用yes或no来回答。—Howdoyougotoworkeveryday?—Igotoworkbycar.3)选择疑问句:提供两种或两种以上情况,让对方选择,往往用or连接。—Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?—Somecoffee,please.4)反意疑问句:反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。—It’safineday,isn’tit?—Yes,itis.3、祈使句表示请求或命令别人做某事或不做某事。1)用于第二人称,通常省略you。①肯定祈使句:Openthedoor,please.②否定祈使句:Don’tbelateagain.2)用于第一人称和第三人称,通常以let(let后跟宾格)或shall开头。Letmehavealook.Let’splayagamenow.Lethimgohomenow.ShallwemeetatonethirtyinfrontoftheGardenTheatre? 4、感叹句表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情,句尾常用感叹号(!),语气用降调。1)what+名词或名词性短语Whatabiggarden(itis)!Whataninterestingstorybook(itis)!Whatlovelyweather(itis)!Whatprettygirls(theyare)!2)how+形容词或副词+主语+动词Hownice!Howbeautifultheflowersare!HowtallYaoMingis!5、therebe句型表示在某地有某人或某物。1)主语是单数,be动词用is(was);主语是复数,be动词用are(were)。Thereissomemilkinthefridge.Therearesomepeachesinthebasket.2)如果有几个不同的人或物并列存在,be动词根据最靠近的那个名词而定。Thereisarulerandfiveknivesinthepencilcase.Therearefiveknivesandarulerinthepencilcase.3)therebe句型和have/has区别:therebe句型表示某地有某人或某物;have/has表示某人有某物。has用于第三人称单数,其余人称和数用have。TherearesomeEnglishbooksonthedesk.IhavesomeEnglishbooks.