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  • 2022-06-17 15:58:39 发布

最新最详尽的考研英语语法——副词性状语从句

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考研英语语法副词性状语从句为您整理研究生考试英语复习资料,希望能对您有所帮助。祝您考研顺利,取得理想成绩。  复合句——副词性(状语)从句  副词在句中起状语作用,故如果起状语作用的部分为一个句子,那么该句便是副词性从句,也称状语从句。状语从句可细分为:时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、比较、方式等。  状语从句的测试重点为:考查考生对主从句之间逻辑意义关系的把握,看其是否能选择正确的从属连词。  对于常见的状语从句和从属连词的常规用法,本书不想赘述,只谈谈常见从属连  词的特殊用法并提醒考生应注意的地方。  1.条件状语从句的常考知识点  (1)if与unless的用法。   if和unless都是引导条件状语从句的连词,考生应尤其注意unless的用法,因为它表示反面条件,相当于ifnot“如果不”、“除非”。如:  Evenifautomakersmodifycommerciallyproducedcarstorunonalternativefuels,thecarswon’tcatchoninabigwayunlessdriverscanfillthemupatthegasstation.  Indebating,onemustcorrecttheopponent’sfacts,denytherelevanceofhisproof,ordenythatwhathepresentsasproof,ifrelevant,issufficient.  (2)复合连词aslongas,solongas,asfaras,onconditionthat,intheeventthat;动词及分词provided(that),providing(that),giventhat,suppose/supposing(that),assuming,say等引导条件状语从句。如:  Ifleftalonebyhumans,they(theforests)canregenerate,aslongasthereareseedtreesintheneighborhoodandthesoilhasnotlostallitsnutrients.   YoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeetingprovidedyoudon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.  Assumingheisdiligentinhisstudiesatordinarytimes,heissuretopassthetest.  Intheeventthatshehasnotbeeninformed,Iwilltellher.(如果……)  Youcangoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon’tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.(如果……)  Supposeitrained,wewouldstillgo.(假如……)  Sayitweretrue,whatwouldyoudoaboutit?(假如……)  (3)祈使句表示条件。如:  Talktoanyoneinthedrugindustry,andyou’llsoondiscoverthatthescienceofgeneticsisthebiggestthingtohitdrugresearchsincepenicillinwasdiscovered.  Dresswarmly,orelseyou’llcatchcold.   Hurryup,ortheticketswillhavebeensoldoutbythetimewegetthere.  2.让步状语从句的常考知识点  (1)as引导让步从句,要求用倒装结构,把强调的部分置于句首。如:  Muchashelikesher,hedoesgetirritatedwithhersometimes.  Tiredashewas,wedecidedtodisturbhim.  Humbleasitmaybe,thereisnoplacelikehome.  (2)while引导让步从句。如:  Everybodycheatsalittle,somepsychologistssay,whileothersinsistthatmostpeoplearebasicallyhonestandsomewouldn’tcheatunderanycircumstances.  Whileit’struethatweallneedacareer,preferablyaprofitableone,itisequallytruethatour civilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledge—beitscientificorartistic.  (3)复合连接词forallthat和分词granting/granted(that)引导让步从句。如:  Grantedyouhavemademuchprogress,youshouldnotbeconceited.  Forallthatcomputerscanprovideuswithgreathelp,theyshouldn’tbeseenassubstitutesforfundamentalthinkingandreasoningskills.#p#副标题#e#  3.时间状语从句的常考知识点  (1)before表示汉语的“只有/必须……才能”。如:  Electronicsmustbeprogrammedbeforetheycanwork.必须为计算机编好程序它才能工作。  Newideassometimeshavetowaitforyearsbeforetheyarefullyaccepted.有时候新的思想必须等待多年以后才能被人们完全接受。   (2)when引导时间从句时,如果出现在后半句,则表示“这/那时突然”。如:  Hewasalmosthurtwhenthebuscametoasuddenstop.(1991年6月四级考题)  IhavejuststartedbackforthehousetochangemyclotheswhenIheardthevoices.  (3)whenitcomesto是习惯用法,意为“当谈到……时”。如:  Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytruewhenitcomestoclassroomtests.  (4)名词短语、介词短语each/everytime,themoment/second/minute,inthetime,bythetime起连词作用。如:  Ihopeherhealthwillhaveimprovedgreatlybythetimewecomebacknextyear.  Ifindividualsareawakenedeachtimetheybeginadreamphaseofsleep,theyarelikelyto becomeirritableeventhoughtheirtotalamountofsleephasbeensufficient.  MypainmusthavebeenapparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright?”  Mercury’svelocityissomuchgreaterthantheEarth’sthatitcompletesmorethanfourrevolutionsaroundtheSuninthetimeittakestheEarthtocompleteone.  (5)副词directly,immediately,instantly,now引导时间从句,相当于assoonas。如:  Thepolicemenwentintoactiondirectlytheyheardthealarm.  4.原因状语从句的常考知识点  (1)inthat引导原因从句时,有时翻译成“是因为”、“就在于”。如:  Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationinthattheadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.   Criticismandself-criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpsustofindandcorrectourmistakes.  (2)nowthat表示“既然”;seeingthat,considering表示“鉴于”、“考虑到”。如:  Nowthatwehaveallthematerialready,weshouldbeginthenewtaskatonce.  Hedidpoorlyintheexaminations,consideringhowhardhehadtriedforthem.  Seeingsheislawfullyenoughtogetmarried,Idon’tthinkhowyoucanstopher.  其他引导原因状语从句的连接词语还有:forthe(simple)reasonthat,byreasonthat,onthegroundsthat,inasmuchas,insofaras等。  5.while,whereas引导对比从句  如:  WhiletheteenagepopulationintheUnitedStateshasdeclinedoverthepastdec   ade,violentcrimescommittedbyjuvenileshavesharplyincreased.  Ababymightshowfearofanunfamiliaradult,whereasheislikelytosmileandreachouttoanotherinfant.  6.so…that…,withtheresultthat,somuchsothat引导结果状语从句  如:  Conversationbecomesweakerinasocietythatspendssomuchtimelisteningandbeingtalkedtothatithasallbutlostthewillandtheskilltospeakforitself.  Overtheyears,alargenumberofoverseasstudentshavestudiedatthatuniversitywiththeresultthatithasacquiredsubstantialexperienceindealingwiththem.  Hehimselfbelievedinfreedom,somuchsothathewouldratherdiethanlivewithoutit.   7.inorderthat,incase,forfearthat,lest(用虚拟语气)引导目的状语从句  如:  Givemeyourtelephonenumber,incaseIneedyourhelp.  HelenlistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhatJohnwanted.  8.where作为连接副词的一种用法,翻译为“在……地方”  如:  InJapan,aperson’scapabilitiesarenotforcedintoaninflexiblespecialty.Wherethereiswillingnessandintelligence,thereisaplacewithinthecompanytotryandtosucceed.  WheretheAtlanticOceancrossestheequator,thetradewindcausesaflowofwatertothewest.