最新最详尽的考研英语语法——副词性状语从句 10页

考研英语语法副词性状语从句为您整理研究生考试英语复习资料，希望能对您有所帮助。祝您考研顺利，取得理想成绩。　　复合句——副词性(状语)从句　　副词在句中起状语作用，故如果起状语作用的部分为一个句子，那么该句便是副词性从句，也称状语从句。状语从句可细分为：时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、比较、方式等。　　状语从句的测试重点为：考查考生对主从句之间逻辑意义关系的把握，看其是否能选择正确的从属连词。　　对于常见的状语从句和从属连词的常规用法，本书不想赘述，只谈谈常见从属连　　词的特殊用法并提醒考生应注意的地方。　　1.条件状语从句的常考知识点　　(1)if与unless的用法。 　　if和unless都是引导条件状语从句的连词，考生应尤其注意unless的用法，因为它表示反面条件，相当于ifnot“如果不”、“除非”。如：　　Evenifautomakersmodifycommerciallyproducedcarstorunonalternativefuels,thecarswon’tcatchoninabigwayunlessdriverscanfillthemupatthegasstation.　　Indebating,onemustcorrecttheopponent’sfacts,denytherelevanceofhisproof,ordenythatwhathepresentsasproof,ifrelevant,issufficient.　　(2)复合连词aslongas，solongas，asfaras，onconditionthat，intheeventthat;动词及分词provided(that)，providing(that)，giventhat,suppose/supposing(that)，assuming，say等引导条件状语从句。如：　　Ifleftalonebyhumans,they(theforests)canregenerate,aslongasthereareseedtreesintheneighborhoodandthesoilhasnotlostallitsnutrients. 　　YoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeetingprovidedyoudon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.　　Assumingheisdiligentinhisstudiesatordinarytimes,heissuretopassthetest.　　Intheeventthatshehasnotbeeninformed,Iwilltellher.(如果……)　　Youcangoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon’tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.(如果……)　　Supposeitrained,wewouldstillgo.(假如……)　　Sayitweretrue,whatwouldyoudoaboutit?(假如……)　　(3)祈使句表示条件。如：　　Talktoanyoneinthedrugindustry,andyou’llsoondiscoverthatthescienceofgeneticsisthebiggestthingtohitdrugresearchsincepenicillinwasdiscovered.　　Dresswarmly,orelseyou’llcatchcold. 　　Hurryup,ortheticketswillhavebeensoldoutbythetimewegetthere.　　2.让步状语从句的常考知识点　　(1)as引导让步从句，要求用倒装结构，把强调的部分置于句首。如：　　Muchashelikesher,hedoesgetirritatedwithhersometimes.　　Tiredashewas,wedecidedtodisturbhim.　　Humbleasitmaybe,thereisnoplacelikehome.　　(2)while引导让步从句。如:　　Everybodycheatsalittle,somepsychologistssay,whileothersinsistthatmostpeoplearebasicallyhonestandsomewouldn’tcheatunderanycircumstances.　　Whileit’struethatweallneedacareer,preferablyaprofitableone,itisequallytruethatour civilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledge—beitscientificorartistic.　　(3)复合连接词forallthat和分词granting/granted(that)引导让步从句。如:　　Grantedyouhavemademuchprogress,youshouldnotbeconceited.　　Forallthatcomputerscanprovideuswithgreathelp,theyshouldn’tbeseenassubstitutesforfundamentalthinkingandreasoningskills.#p#副标题#e#　　3.时间状语从句的常考知识点　　(1)before表示汉语的“只有/必须……才能”。如:　　Electronicsmustbeprogrammedbeforetheycanwork.必须为计算机编好程序它才能工作。　　Newideassometimeshavetowaitforyearsbeforetheyarefullyaccepted.有时候新的思想必须等待多年以后才能被人们完全接受。 　　(2)when引导时间从句时，如果出现在后半句，则表示“这/那时突然”。如：　　Hewasalmosthurtwhenthebuscametoasuddenstop.(1991年6月四级考题)　　IhavejuststartedbackforthehousetochangemyclotheswhenIheardthevoices.　　(3)whenitcomesto是习惯用法，意为“当谈到……时”。如：　　Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytruewhenitcomestoclassroomtests.　　(4)名词短语、介词短语each/everytime,themoment/second/minute,inthetime,bythetime起连词作用。如:　　Ihopeherhealthwillhaveimprovedgreatlybythetimewecomebacknextyear.　　Ifindividualsareawakenedeachtimetheybeginadreamphaseofsleep,theyarelikelyto becomeirritableeventhoughtheirtotalamountofsleephasbeensufficient.　　MypainmusthavebeenapparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright?”　　Mercury’svelocityissomuchgreaterthantheEarth’sthatitcompletesmorethanfourrevolutionsaroundtheSuninthetimeittakestheEarthtocompleteone.　　(5)副词directly,immediately,instantly,now引导时间从句,相当于assoonas。如:　　Thepolicemenwentintoactiondirectlytheyheardthealarm.　　4.原因状语从句的常考知识点　　(1)inthat引导原因从句时,有时翻译成“是因为”、“就在于”。如:　　Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationinthattheadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered. 　　Criticismandself-criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpsustofindandcorrectourmistakes.　　(2)nowthat表示“既然”;seeingthat,considering表示“鉴于”、“考虑到”。如:　　Nowthatwehaveallthematerialready,weshouldbeginthenewtaskatonce.　　Hedidpoorlyintheexaminations,consideringhowhardhehadtriedforthem.　　Seeingsheislawfullyenoughtogetmarried,Idon’tthinkhowyoucanstopher.　　其他引导原因状语从句的连接词语还有:forthe(simple)reasonthat,byreasonthat,onthegroundsthat,inasmuchas,insofaras等。　　5.while,whereas引导对比从句　　如:　　WhiletheteenagepopulationintheUnitedStateshasdeclinedoverthepastdec 　　ade,violentcrimescommittedbyjuvenileshavesharplyincreased.　　Ababymightshowfearofanunfamiliaradult,whereasheislikelytosmileandreachouttoanotherinfant.　　6.so…that…,withtheresultthat,somuchsothat引导结果状语从句　　如:　　Conversationbecomesweakerinasocietythatspendssomuchtimelisteningandbeingtalkedtothatithasallbutlostthewillandtheskilltospeakforitself.　　Overtheyears,alargenumberofoverseasstudentshavestudiedatthatuniversitywiththeresultthatithasacquiredsubstantialexperienceindealingwiththem.　　Hehimselfbelievedinfreedom,somuchsothathewouldratherdiethanlivewithoutit. 　　7.inorderthat,incase,forfearthat,lest(用虚拟语气)引导目的状语从句　　如:　　Givemeyourtelephonenumber,incaseIneedyourhelp.　　HelenlistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhatJohnwanted.　　8.where作为连接副词的一种用法,翻译为“在……地方”　　如:　　InJapan,aperson’scapabilitiesarenotforcedintoaninflexiblespecialty.Wherethereiswillingnessandintelligence,thereisaplacewithinthecompanytotryandtosucceed.　　WheretheAtlanticOceancrossestheequator,thetradewindcausesaflowofwatertothewest.