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考研英语语法副词性状语从句为您整理研究生考试英语复习资料,希望能对您有所帮助。祝您考研顺利,取得理想成绩。 复合句——副词性(状语)从句 副词在句中起状语作用,故如果起状语作用的部分为一个句子,那么该句便是副词性从句,也称状语从句。状语从句可细分为:时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、比较、方式等。 状语从句的测试重点为:考查考生对主从句之间逻辑意义关系的把握,看其是否能选择正确的从属连词。 对于常见的状语从句和从属连词的常规用法,本书不想赘述,只谈谈常见从属连 词的特殊用法并提醒考生应注意的地方。 1.条件状语从句的常考知识点 (1)if与unless的用法。
if和unless都是引导条件状语从句的连词,考生应尤其注意unless的用法,因为它表示反面条件,相当于ifnot“如果不”、“除非”。如: Evenifautomakersmodifycommerciallyproducedcarstorunonalternativefuels,thecarswon’tcatchoninabigwayunlessdriverscanfillthemupatthegasstation. Indebating,onemustcorrecttheopponent’sfacts,denytherelevanceofhisproof,ordenythatwhathepresentsasproof,ifrelevant,issufficient. (2)复合连词aslongas,solongas,asfaras,onconditionthat,intheeventthat;动词及分词provided(that),providing(that),giventhat,suppose/supposing(that),assuming,say等引导条件状语从句。如: Ifleftalonebyhumans,they(theforests)canregenerate,aslongasthereareseedtreesintheneighborhoodandthesoilhasnotlostallitsnutrients.
YoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeetingprovidedyoudon’tmindtakingthenighttrain. Assumingheisdiligentinhisstudiesatordinarytimes,heissuretopassthetest. Intheeventthatshehasnotbeeninformed,Iwilltellher.(如果……) Youcangoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon’tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.(如果……) Supposeitrained,wewouldstillgo.(假如……) Sayitweretrue,whatwouldyoudoaboutit?(假如……) (3)祈使句表示条件。如: Talktoanyoneinthedrugindustry,andyou’llsoondiscoverthatthescienceofgeneticsisthebiggestthingtohitdrugresearchsincepenicillinwasdiscovered. Dresswarmly,orelseyou’llcatchcold.
Hurryup,ortheticketswillhavebeensoldoutbythetimewegetthere. 2.让步状语从句的常考知识点 (1)as引导让步从句,要求用倒装结构,把强调的部分置于句首。如: Muchashelikesher,hedoesgetirritatedwithhersometimes. Tiredashewas,wedecidedtodisturbhim. Humbleasitmaybe,thereisnoplacelikehome. (2)while引导让步从句。如: Everybodycheatsalittle,somepsychologistssay,whileothersinsistthatmostpeoplearebasicallyhonestandsomewouldn’tcheatunderanycircumstances. Whileit’struethatweallneedacareer,preferablyaprofitableone,itisequallytruethatour
civilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledge—beitscientificorartistic. (3)复合连接词forallthat和分词granting/granted(that)引导让步从句。如: Grantedyouhavemademuchprogress,youshouldnotbeconceited. Forallthatcomputerscanprovideuswithgreathelp,theyshouldn’tbeseenassubstitutesforfundamentalthinkingandreasoningskills.#p#副标题#e# 3.时间状语从句的常考知识点 (1)before表示汉语的“只有/必须……才能”。如: Electronicsmustbeprogrammedbeforetheycanwork.必须为计算机编好程序它才能工作。 Newideassometimeshavetowaitforyearsbeforetheyarefullyaccepted.有时候新的思想必须等待多年以后才能被人们完全接受。
(2)when引导时间从句时,如果出现在后半句,则表示“这/那时突然”。如: Hewasalmosthurtwhenthebuscametoasuddenstop.(1991年6月四级考题) IhavejuststartedbackforthehousetochangemyclotheswhenIheardthevoices. (3)whenitcomesto是习惯用法,意为“当谈到……时”。如: Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytruewhenitcomestoclassroomtests. (4)名词短语、介词短语each/everytime,themoment/second/minute,inthetime,bythetime起连词作用。如: Ihopeherhealthwillhaveimprovedgreatlybythetimewecomebacknextyear. Ifindividualsareawakenedeachtimetheybeginadreamphaseofsleep,theyarelikelyto
becomeirritableeventhoughtheirtotalamountofsleephasbeensufficient. MypainmusthavebeenapparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright?” Mercury’svelocityissomuchgreaterthantheEarth’sthatitcompletesmorethanfourrevolutionsaroundtheSuninthetimeittakestheEarthtocompleteone. (5)副词directly,immediately,instantly,now引导时间从句,相当于assoonas。如: Thepolicemenwentintoactiondirectlytheyheardthealarm. 4.原因状语从句的常考知识点 (1)inthat引导原因从句时,有时翻译成“是因为”、“就在于”。如: Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationinthattheadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.
Criticismandself-criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpsustofindandcorrectourmistakes. (2)nowthat表示“既然”;seeingthat,considering表示“鉴于”、“考虑到”。如: Nowthatwehaveallthematerialready,weshouldbeginthenewtaskatonce. Hedidpoorlyintheexaminations,consideringhowhardhehadtriedforthem. Seeingsheislawfullyenoughtogetmarried,Idon’tthinkhowyoucanstopher. 其他引导原因状语从句的连接词语还有:forthe(simple)reasonthat,byreasonthat,onthegroundsthat,inasmuchas,insofaras等。 5.while,whereas引导对比从句 如: WhiletheteenagepopulationintheUnitedStateshasdeclinedoverthepastdec
ade,violentcrimescommittedbyjuvenileshavesharplyincreased. Ababymightshowfearofanunfamiliaradult,whereasheislikelytosmileandreachouttoanotherinfant. 6.so…that…,withtheresultthat,somuchsothat引导结果状语从句 如: Conversationbecomesweakerinasocietythatspendssomuchtimelisteningandbeingtalkedtothatithasallbutlostthewillandtheskilltospeakforitself. Overtheyears,alargenumberofoverseasstudentshavestudiedatthatuniversitywiththeresultthatithasacquiredsubstantialexperienceindealingwiththem. Hehimselfbelievedinfreedom,somuchsothathewouldratherdiethanlivewithoutit.
7.inorderthat,incase,forfearthat,lest(用虚拟语气)引导目的状语从句 如: Givemeyourtelephonenumber,incaseIneedyourhelp. HelenlistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhatJohnwanted. 8.where作为连接副词的一种用法,翻译为“在……地方” 如: InJapan,aperson’scapabilitiesarenotforcedintoaninflexiblespecialty.Wherethereiswillingnessandintelligence,thereisaplacewithinthecompanytotryandtosucceed. WheretheAtlanticOceancrossestheequator,thetradewindcausesaflowofwatertothewest.