高考英语语法复习之定语从句(陷阱题型)与语法讲解x 21页

1.Thefactorywasbuiltinasecretplace,around______highmountains.A.whichwasB.itwasC.whichwereD.themwereCaroundwhichwerehighmountains是一个由"介词+which"引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是highmountains，aroundwhich是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数was.（1）Yesterdaywevisitedamodernhospital,around_______somefruitshops.A.whichisB.itisC.whichareD.themare（2）Themurderhappenedinanoldbuilding,beside______thecitypolicestation.A.whichareB.itisC.whichisD.themare（3）Nextmonthwe"llmovetoanewbuilding,nextto_______anicerestaurantwherewecanhaveChinesefood.A.whichareB.itisC.whichisD.themareCCC 2.Amanwithableedinghandhurriedinandasked,"Isthereahospitalaround______Icangetsomemedicineformywoundedhand?"A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whatCB选项的语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C的理由是：句中的around不是介词，而是副词，意为"在附近"；其后的where引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？ 3._____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What(1)._______isknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.WhatBAas引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。（1）______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It（2）______ismentionedabovethatthenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.ItBD （1）Thecompass,asiswell-knowntoall,wasinvitedinancientChina.众所周知，指南针是中国古时发明的。（2）Heseemsafarmer,asinactualfactheis.他看上去像个农民，事实上他就是农民。（3）Asweknow,TaiwanisapartofChina.正如我们所知道的，台湾是中国的一部分。（as在从句中作know的宾语，代表主句TaiwanisapartofChina）从以上句子可以看出，as引导的非限制性定语从句具有以下特点：（1）其先行词可为整个主句，也可为某一个名词。（2）as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。用作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。（3）其从句可以放在主句的前面或后面，也可以放在整个句子中间。也就是说从句可以位于句首、句中或句末，但习惯用逗号隔开。（4）as仍有“正如……那样；像……一样；由……而知”等作连词时的词义。（5）在句法上，as常被用作一些实义动词的表语及其被动语态的主语，如see,know,say,report,imagine,show,remember,pointout等动词。常见的词组有：asiswellknowntoall/asweallknow众所周知ashasbeensaidbefore如上所说asyouexpected如你所料ashasbeenalreadyreported据报道可知assheimagined如她所想像的那样asitshowed正如所反映的那样asanybodycansee正如人们所看到的那样 as除了能引导非限制性定语从句外，还能引导限制性定语从句。常与thesame或such连用，构成：thesame…as,such…as。as引导限制性定语从句时，在从句中同样可以作主语、表语或宾语。（1）SuchChineseasisspokeninShanxiisnotPutonghua.WecallittheShanxidialect.在陕西说的汉语不是普通话，我们称为陕西方言。（as在从句中作主语）（2）Ihavethesamebookasyouhave.我的书和你的一样。（as在从句中作have的宾语）（3）Heisnotsuchacleverpersonassheis.他不像她那样聪明。（as在从句中作is的表语） 在非限制性定语从句中，which和as引导定语从句时的区别：a.which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。As(正确)isoftenthecase,heisabsent.Which(错误)Hesawthegirl,as(正确)Hehadhoped.Which（正确）b.用能做关系代词，as和which都可以指代一个句子，但as有“正如”、“就像”之意，which则没有此含义。Heisaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.(as指代一个句子，意为“正如”、“就像”)HehastoworkonSunday,whichhedoesn’tlike.(which指代一个句子，没有“正如”、“就像”)c.当从句的谓语动词是be或相当于联系动词的seem,become等时，可用as或which作主语。但当从句的谓语是行为动词时，只能用which作主语。Hemarriedher,as(正确)was/seemednatural.Which（正确）Hesawthegirl,as(错误)delightedhim.Which（正确） 4.Davidissuchagoodboy_______alltheteacherslike.A.thatB.whoC.asD.whomCA选项，such...that...（如此......以至......）结构中，that引导的是结果状语从句，并且that在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入such...that...，句末的动词like缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词boy，同时as在定语从句中用作动词like的宾语，句意为"所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩"。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的that视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到such的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词as来引导，而不用that.Davidissuchagoodboy_______alltheteacherslikehim.A.thatB.whoC.asD.whomItwasnotsuchagooddinner_______shehadpromisedus.A.likeB.thatC.whichD.asAD 5.Thebuses,mostof_______werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.A.thatB.itC.themD.whichDmostofwhichwerealreadyfull为非限制性定语从句，修饰thebuses.（1）Hishouse,for_______hepaid$10,000,isnowworth$50,000.A.thatB.itC.themD.which（2）Ashdownforest,through_______we"llbedriving,isn"taforestanylonger.A.thatB.itC.themD.which（3）ThisIdidatnineo"clock,after_______Isatreadingthepaper.A.thatB.itC.themD.which（4）George,with_______IplayedtennisonSundays,wasawarm-heartedperson.A.thatB.himC.themD.whom（5）Hersons,bothof______workabroad,willcomebackhomethissummer.A.thatB.whoC.themD.whom（6）Imetthefruit-pickers,severalof_______werestilluniversitystudents.A.thatB.whoC.themD.whomDDDDDD 6.Hehadthousandsofstudents,manyof______gainedgreatsuccessintheirownfield.A.whomB.themC.whichD.whoAmanyofwhomgainedgreatsuccessintheirownfield为非限制性定语从句。假若在manyof...的前面加上连词and，则选答案B。（1）Heaskedalotofquestions,noneof______waseasytoanswer.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that（2）Heaskedalotofquestions,andnoneof______waseasytoanswer.A.themB.whichC.whatD.that（3）Hetoldmethathehadtwogirl-friends,neitherof_______knewanythingabouttheother.A.whomB.themC.whichD.who（4）Hetoldmethathehadtwogirl-friends,andneitherof_______knewanythingabouttheother.A.themB.whomC.whichD.whoAAAA 7.Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewof______invitedtohiswedding.A.whomB.themC.whichD.whoB这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词invited并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在invited前加上助动词were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A.（1）Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_______carriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that答案选B，noneofthemcarriedoutintheirwork是独立主格结构，其中的carriedout为过去分词。（2）Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_______werecarriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that答案选A，noneofthemwerecarriedoutintheirwork是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were.（3）Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,butnoneof_______werecarriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。 8.OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______parentsseatedtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.thatAtheirparentsseatedtogetherjoking不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词seated不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为seat作动词用时，是及物动词。(1)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______parentswereseatedtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that选B.whoseparentswereseatedtogetherjoking为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语wereseated.（2）OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,and_______parentswereseatedtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that选A.因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。 （3）OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______parentssittingtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that选A.theirparentssittingtogetherjoking为独立主格结构。（4）OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______parentssattogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that选B.whoseparentssattogetherjoking为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语sat.（5）OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______parentsweresittingtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that选B.whoseparentsweresittingtogetherjoking为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语weresitting. 9.Ifthemanisonlyinterestedinyourlooks,_____justshowshowshallowheis.A.asB.whichC.whatD.thatD注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。（1）Ifyoupromisetogowithus,_____willbeOK.A.asB.whichC.anditD.that（2）Ifyouwantadoubleroom,_____willcostanother￡15.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that（3）Whetheryougoornot,_______isquiteallrightwithme.A.thatB.whichC.anditD.so（4）WhenIsaytwohours,_____includestimeforeating.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that选that，而不选which 10.Shesaysthatshe"llneverforgetthetime________she"sspentworkingasasecretaryinourcompany.A.whichB.whenC.howD.whereA在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词spent缺宾语，故应用关系代词which或that.Shesaysthatshe"llneverforgetthetime________sheworksasasecretaryinourcompany.A.whichB.whenC.howD.whereB（1）Ourcompanywillmovetoatallbuilding_______weboughtlastmonth.A.whichB.whenC.howD.where选A，which在定语从句中用作动词bought的宾语。（2）Ourcompanywillmovetoatallbuilding_______hasjustbeencomplete.A.whichB.whenC.howD.where选A，which在定语从句中用作主语。（3）Ourcompanywillmovetoatallbuilding_______weworkedtwoyearsago.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which选A，where在定语从句中用作状语。由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when NCEL80 ExtraordinaryAdj.异常的，非凡的；临时的，额外的amanofextraordinarystrength一个力量惊人的男子Whatanextraordinaryidea!多么离奇的想法！anextraordinarysession临时的会议extraordinarilyadv.特别地，非常地，Anextraordinarilylargeorderbuckedupallthestaff.一个特大订单使员工们欢欣鼓舞。 exhibitionn.展览会anexhibitionofpaintingTheyarecomingtotheexhibitionasmyguest.Chineseeconomicandtradeexhibitionshavepromotedtheexchangeoftheadvancedtechniqueswithforeigncountries.搭配：makeanexhibitionofoneself当众出丑，当众闹笑话，出洋相onexhibition展出put/placesthonexhibition展出某物exhibitvt.展出，展览；n.展览品Sheexhibitedherpaintingsatourschool.Mostofthestateleadersviewedtheexhibitsandgavehighpraiseofthem. variousadj.各种各样；许多Ofallthevariouswaysofcookingeggs,Ilikeboilingbest.YourreasonsfornotwantingtomeetSmithmaybemanyandvarious,butyoumuststillmeethim.Variouspeopleamongthosepresentthoughtthey’dheardtheaircraft.搭配：varietyn.种种，各类Theshoppingcentresellsavarietyofgoods. displayn.陈列，展示，表现vt.展示，表现OnNewYear’sEvethedisplayoffireworksoffersmanyattractions.Alltheparentswerelookingatthedisplayofchildren’swork.MrBrownseemedtodisplaynofeelingswhentheytoldhimthenews.搭配：ondisplay正在展览中Theworkwasondisplay. steamn.蒸汽，水蒸气；情绪，精力Therewassteamcomingfromthecooking-pot.toletoffthesteamIamsoangry.Iworkedoffsteambytakingalongwalk.搭配：getupsteam开始启动underone’sownsteam凭自己努力，靠自己力量let/workoffsteam消除心中闷气fullsteamahead全速前进 profitn.利润；利益，得益v.有利于。，对。。有利；获利，得益makeapennyprofitoneachorangeThisnewinventionwillbringyougreatprofitslikeagoldmine.Ihavereadittomyprofit.Idon’tthinkitwillprofityouanythingtodothat.Youcanprofitbymakingmistakes.搭配：fatprofit巨额利润makeprofiton在。。上获利makeone’sprofitof利用，使对自己有利profitby/from从。。中得利，得到益处