小学英语语法一般现在时详细讲解 58页

Thesimplepresenttense一般现在时 我的功能1.表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态Iwashthedisheseveryday.Yousometimestakeabushome.Theyusuallyhavelunchat11:30.Healwaysgetsupearly.Sheisoftenlateforschool.2.表示表示客观事实Youare13.Heisastudent.YoustudyatOlympicGardenMiddleSchool. 关键词always(总是)usually(通常)often(经常)sometimes(有时)hardly(几乎不)rarely（很少）never(从不)everyday(每天)everyyear(每年）allthetime（所有时间）onMonday（在星期一）inJanuary（在某月）3.表示永恒不变的真理；Themoongoesroundtheearth. 一.be动词的一般现在时be动词：主语+be+其它如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。Heisaboy.他是一个男孩。｛amis(单三）are 肯定句：主语+be+其它如：Heisaworker.Youarethirteen.否定句：主语+be+not+其它如：Heisnotaworker.Youaren’tthirteen.一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它?如：Isheaworker?Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.Areyouthirteen?Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+其它?如：Whatishe?Whatcolouristhatbird?Howoldareyou?Wherearethey?2.be动词的一般现在时的基本句型 二.实义动词的一般现在时1、什么叫实义动词？实义动词是指表示有具体意思的动词,也叫行为动词。如:like(喜欢）,eat（吃）,live（居住）,have（有）,run（跑）等等。实义动词占英语中动词的绝大多数。 我们已学过的be动词可译成“是”，有时译成“成为”，有时则没有具体意思如：“Sheistall.”这句译成：“她很高”。故be动词不属于实义动词。 2、一般现在时实义动词作谓语的时侯有两种形式：动词原形；如:enjoy第三人称单数动词形式；如:enjoys主语+(+其它)。｛行为动词原形行为动词的单数第三人称形式如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语.HestudiesFrench. 哪些主语是第三人称单数? 一、人称代词he,she,it是第三人称单数。HelikeswatchingTV.他喜欢看电视。Shehaslunchattwelve.她十二点吃午餐。Itlookslikeacat.它看起来像只猫。 二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。①HanMeilookslikehermother.韩梅看起来像她的母亲②BeijingisinChina.北京在中国。③UncleWangoftenmakescakes.王叔叔经常做蛋糕。 三、单数可数名词或"this/that/the+单数可数名词"作主语时，是第三人称单数。①Apandaisashyanimal.熊猫是害羞的动物。②Thisbookisyellow.这本书是黄色的。③Thatcarisred.那辆小汽车是红色的。④Thecatisblack.这只猫是黑色的。 3、实义动词第三人称单数的动词形式变化规则一般情况下直接加-swalk—walks以s.x.sh.ch.o尾加-eswatch—watchesgo—goes“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i,再加-es，fly—flies特殊情况have→hasdo→doesgo→goes 当主语是第三人称单数时，动词需变化.动词单三的变化：1、一般情况下，直接加s，如：reads,plays,works,makes2、以s,x,ch,sh结尾，后加es.如：watcheswashesteaches3、以辅音字母加o结尾,一般加es,如：does,goes4、“元音字母+y”结尾的单词，直接在词尾加-s。如：plays,says5、辅音字母+y结尾的单词,去y,加ies,如：flies,studies6、不规则变化如：have-has Exercisesit________swim________go____do_______make________run________write________see______cry________study_________watch_______wash_______say_______play_______have______take_______sitsswimsgoesdoesmakesrunswritescries_seesstudieswatcheswashessays_playshas_takessits 1)肯定句:主语（I/We/You/They）+实义动词原形+其他如：IstayathomeonSaturdays.Theyhavesportseveryday.主语（He/She/It）+实义动词单三形式+其他如：HestaysathomeonSaturdays.Lucyhassportseveryday.4、实义动词的一般现在时的基本句型 2)否定句：主语（I/We/You/They）+do+not+动词原形+其他如：Idon’tstayathomeonSaturdays.Theydon’thavesportseveryday.主语（He/She/It）+does+not+动词原形+其他如：Hedoesn’tstayathomeonSaturdays.Lucydoesn’thavesportseveryday. 3)一般疑问句及其肯、否定回答：Do+主语（I/we/you/they）+动词原形+其他？如：DoyoustayathomeonSaturdays?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.Dotheyhavesportseveryday?Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.Does+主语（he/she/it）+动词原形+其他？如：DoeshestayathomeonSaturdays?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.DoesLucyhavesportseveryday?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t. 4)特殊疑问句：疑问词+do/does+主语+动词原形+其他？如：Whatdoyouwant?Whatdoesshewant?Whattimedoyouhavelunch?Whattimedoesshehavelunch?Whatdoyoudo?Whatdoesshedo?Howdoyouspellit?Howdoeshespellit?特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?直接回答，而不用yes或no. 5.一般现在时的句型变换1）IusuallyplayfootballonFriday.改为一般疑问句:DoyouusuallyplayfootballonFriday?对划线部分提问:WhatdoyouusuallydoonFriday?2）Myfathergotoworkbybikeeveryday.对划线部分提问:Howdoesyourfathergotoworkeveryday? 一般现在时（否定句）在一般现在时中，句中有be动词或情态动词（can等）时，否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not。例如 一般现在时（否定句）1、Iamateacher.否：Iamnotateacher.2、Heisastudent.否：Heisnotastudent.3、Youareaboy.否：Youarenotaboy.4、Icanswim.否：Icannot（can’t)swim. 变否定句Iamagoodboy.Iamnotagoodboy. 变否定句Theyarestudents.Theyarenotstudents. 变否定句ShecanspeakEnglish.ShecannotspeakEnglish. 一般现在时（否定句）句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加doesnot(doesn’t),非单三时，否定句在动词前加donot（don’t)例如 一般现在时（否定句）1、Itoschoolbybus.否：Itoschoolbybus.2、Hetoschoolbybus.否：Hetoschoolbybus.godon’tgogoesdoesn’tgo 变否定句IstudyEnglisheveryday.Idon’tstudyEnglisheverymorning. 变否定句ShespeaksChinesewell.Shedoesn’tspeakChinesewell. 一般现在时（疑问句）句中有be动词或情态动词时，be动词或情态动词can提前，首字母变为大写；some变any例如 一般现在时（一般疑问句）Heisastudent.Youareaboy.Isheastudent？Areyouaboy？Icanswim.Theyareteachers.Canyouswim？Aretheyteacher？ Benismyfriend.IsBenyourfriend？变一般疑问句 一般现在时（疑问句）句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为非第三人称单数，一般疑问句在句首加do，句子中动词用原形。主语为第三人称单数，一般疑问句在句首加does，句子中原有动词用原形；Some变any.例如 一般现在时（一般疑问句）1、Itoschoolbybus.疑问句：youtoschoolbybus.2、Hetoschoolbybus.疑问句：hetoschoolbybus.DoesgogoesgogoDo Wegotoschooleveryday.Doyougotoschooleveryday?变一般疑问句 Nancylikesplayingcomputergames.DoesNancylikeplayingcomputergames?变一般疑问句 Benwantssomebread.DoesBenwantanybread？变一般疑问句 特殊疑问句地点：where人：who物：what年龄：howold价钱：howmuch数量：howmany 特殊疑问句有be动词或情态动词构成：疑问词+be动词或情态动词+主语+其它例如 特殊疑问句Shecanplaypiano.Whatcansheplay？Heisten.Howoldishe？Heisathome.Whereishe？It’s3dollars.Howmuchisit? 特殊疑问句没有be动词或情态动词构成：疑问词+do（does）+主语+动词原形+其它例如 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？Ilikeplayingfootball.Jimeatssomebreadeverymorning.Linglinghaslunchathome.Whatdoyoulike?WhatdoesJimeateverymorning?WheredoesLinginghavelunch？Doyoulikeplayingfootball?DoesJimeatanybreadeverymorning?DoesLinglinghavelunchathome? 谓语动词是实义动词时,其一般现在时的谓语动词形式有两种——第三人称单数或原形。其否定句和疑问句要借助于does或do来帮助构成。6.实义动词的一般现在时用法小结 一般现在时练习 用括号内动词的适当形式填空1.Heusually________(have)lunchathome.2.DavidandTomusually______(play)footballafterschool.3.Weusually______(make)modelships.4.Nickusually______(watch)TVonMonday.hasplaymakewatches 5.What______theyusually______(do)onSaturdays?Theyusually______(fly)kites.6.______youruncle______(water)theflowerseveryday?7.______yourparents______(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirlusually______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.dodoflyDoeswaterDoreadteaches 9.What______youusually______(do)afterschool?Iusually______(grow)flowers.10.What______yourmotherusually______(do)onSundays?Sheusually______(do)houseworkathome.11.______Mike______(have)anyhobbies?Yes,he______.He______(like)______(cook).12.They______(have)thesamehobby.dodogrowdoesdodoesDoeshavelikeshavecookingdoes 13.Myaunt______(like)______(read)newspaperseveryevening.14.What______Mikeusually______(do)onSundays?Heusually______(help)JanewithherMaths.15.What______Helenusually______(do)onSundays?Sheusually______(clean)thedesk.cleansdodoeshelpsdodoesreadinglikes 16.She______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao______(do)notlikePE.Hecan’t______(run)fast.18.Thechildrenusually______(watch)TVintheevening.goesdoesrunwatch 19.SuHaiandSuYang______(have)eightsubjectsthisterm.20.What______sheusually______(do)intheevening?Sheusually______(study)English.studiesdoesdohave 21.Thegirlis______.Shedances__________________.(beautiful)22.Thestudent______(use)acomputerto______(write)music.23.I______(like)makingclothes,buthe________________(donotlike).He______(like)playingfootball.beautifulbeautifullyuseswritelikedoesnotlikelikes 24.Weusually______(dance)and______(play)basketballafterclass.25.Mike’s______(hobby)is______draw)pictures.drawinghobbyplaydance 二、改写句子1．IwanttoplaytabletenniswithGaoShan.He_____to…2.IsurftheInternetonSaturdayevening..Myfatherthe…3.TheystudyEnglish,MathsScience,andArt.TomEnglish…4.Iusuallyplaybasketballwithmyfriends.WangBing…wantssurfsstudiesplays 5.Myauntlikesgrowingflowers.Myparentsgrowingflowers.6.WhatdoyouusuallydoonSundays?WhatHelenonSundays?7.DoSuHaiandherfamilyhaveanyhobbies?SuHai’sfatheranyhobbies?8Hegrowsbeautifulflowers.Webeautifulflowers.likedoesusuallydoDoeshavegrow 用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.