英语语法学案---感叹句 12页

广州卓越教育机构一对一感叹句一、什么叫感叹句感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句句末通常用感叹号，读时一般用降调。二、感叹句的基本句型【句型一】What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！Whatacleverboyheis!(他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊！Whataninterestingstoryitis!(这是个)多么有趣的故事啊！Whatfineweatheritis!多好的天气啊！Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!(它们是)多么漂亮的花啊！【说明】在感叹句中，Whata/an常用来修饰单数可数名词，若其前面的形容词为元音开头，则用an。what是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。但有些不可数名词，如rain,surprise,breakfast,lunch等，当前面有形容词修饰，使抽象名词具体化时，则要用whata/an，如：Whataheavyrainitis!多大的一场雨啊！Whatagreatsurpriseitis!这多么令人惊奇啊！Whatarichbreakfastitis!多么丰盛的一顿早餐啊！ 【句型二】How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！Howwellyoulook!你气色真好!Howkindyouare!你心肠真好!Howbeautifullyyousing!你唱得真好听!Strawberries!Hownice!草莓!多好呀!Howclevertheboyis!这个男孩多么聪明啊！Howfastheruns!他跑得多么快啊！【说明】how还可以修饰动词构成感叹句，但动词不提前。如：HowIwanttobeadoctor!我多么想成为一名医生啊！Howshedances!她跳得多好啊！ 感叹句型总结How+形容词+a+名词+其他成分！How+形容词或副词+其他成分！What+名词+其他成分！What+a+形容词+名词+其他成分！What+形容词+复数名词+其他成分！What+形容词+不可数名词+其他成分！请看以下例子：①It’saninterestingfilm.这是一部有趣的电影。→Whataninterestingfilmitis!这是一部多有趣的电影啊！②It’swonderfulweather.天气很好。→Whatwonderfulweather!天气真好！③Hedidtheworkcarefully.他做这工作很仔细。→Howcarefullyhedidthework!他做这工作多仔细啊！④Timepassedquickly.时间过得很快。→Howquicklytimepassed!时间过得真快【难点】  三、注意 （1）要修饰名词的形容词不能是表数量的many，much，little，few，遇此情况要用how，即使它们后面跟有名词：   Howmanybookshehas！他的书真多！   Howmuchmoneyhegaveher！他给了她好多钱呀！   HowlittlemoneyIhave！我的钱多么少呀！   Howfewfriendshehas！他的朋友真少！   比较：Whatalittleboxitis！多小巧的盒子呀！（该little不表示数量）     （2）有时句中的主语和谓语可以省略：   Howfast！多快呀！   Hownice！多好呀！   Howbeautiful！多美呀！ 四、感叹句巧解五法（1）一找·二断·三辨·四确定：构成感叹句的感叹词有两个：what和how，其基本结构是：1）What＋名词＋陈述肯定式：2）How＋形容词（或副词）＋陈述肯定式很多初学者常常对该用what还是该用how弄不清楚。如：①____coldwaterthisis！A．HowB．What②____colditis！A．WhatB．How如果我们采取“一找·二断·三辨·四确定”的方法很快就能确定该选哪个感叹词。“一找”即先找出句中的主语。“二断”就是在句中的名词（形容词、副词等）与代词（或名词）之间断开。例如上面第一句应在water与this中断开（因this是指示代词），断开后辨别断线前面的词的词性，也就是所谓“三辨”，句①中断线前的词是water，而water是名词。第四步，就可迅速确定如果是名词就选what。所以第一例句就选B。用这个方法我们会对上面第二个例句作出如下判断：____cold｜itis！断开线其前cold是形容词，故应填How。上面两个例句是最基本最简单的填空题形式。但只要掌握这个方法，即使再复杂的填空题也会迎刃而解。不过还要注意，如果断开后，断线前的那个中心词是单数可数名词，千万别忘了在感叹词与名词间加冠词a（an）。例如：____nicepresentitis！A．HowB．WhatC．HowD．Whata用上述方法，从present与it之间断开，断线前present是名词，且为单数可数名词，nice又以辅音开头，故选D。（2）“断→找→去→添→改”五步法：若把一个陈述句变为感叹句，可以采取这“五步法”。如：Thepictureisverybeautiful．断：在陈述句中的谓语动词后将句子断开：Thepictureis｜verybeautiful．找：划出断线后的中心词是何词类。 去：中心词是形容词或副词时，要把修饰该形容词或副词的词去掉。（比如本句中心词beautiful是形容词，修饰该词的是very，变时应去掉very。但须注意，线后如果是名词，名词前的修饰语是万万不能去掉的。添：就是添上感叹词。如果线后的中心词是名词，就添What；是形容词或副词就添How。改：将陈述句句前的大写改为小写，将变为感叹句的感叹词及其修饰的名词部分放在句首，感叹词首写字母改为大写。同时句尾的标点由陈述句的句号改为感叹句的感叹号。据此，上句就变成了：Howbeautifulthepictureis！再如：要把“Heisagoodstudent．”变成感叹句，可如上法炮制：Heis｜agoodstudent．中心词是名词student，agood为修饰student的修饰语，不能去掉，故变成感叹句应选感叹词what，变成：Whatagoodstudentheis！（3）一断·二加·三换位：例：1）Thisisabeautifulflower·2）Thisflowerisbeautiful．“一断”：在谓语动词后将此句划断。1）Thisis｜abeautifulflower．2）Thisfloweris｜beautiful．“二加”：在第二部分前加引起感叹句的“What或How”；中心词为名词时加“What”；是形容词、副词加“How”。1）Whatabeautifulflower…2）Howbeautiful…“三换位”：将第一部分与第二部分对换位置。1）Whatabeautifulflowerthisis！2）Howbeautifulthisfloweris！（4）句型记忆法：因how和what的词性及其在句中的功能不同，由它们引起的感叹句句型可归纳为7种。如果记住这7种句套子，做任何感叹句题都易如反掌。例：从题前A、B、C、D所表示的词或短语中选择正确答案，完成下列各句：A=WhatB=WhataC=WhatanD=How①____pleasantsurpriseyougaveme！②____goodnewswehavegot！③____goodaTVsetwe’vebought！④____unpleasantexperienceyouhadlastyear！ 答案依次为BADC。（5）歌诀记忆法：感叹句中what和how的选用，关键看形容词后面是否有名词。如果有，用what（a，an）；如果没有，用how（至于副词，其前永远用how）。记住下面歌诀更方便。what，how如何选？先在后面把名词找，若有名词用what，若无名词必用how。what，how提句首，其它紧跟别忘了。主谓一起挪最后,常常可以被省掉。【基础练习】一．将下列句子变成感叹句   1.Itisquiteanicepresent.→______________nicepresent!   2.Wehavefineweathertoday.→_____________weatherwehavetoday!   3.It’ssunnytoday.→______________sunnydayitistoday!   4.Thechildrenareworkinghard.→   ___________thechildrenareworking!   5.Sheplayedbasketballwonderfully.→ _____________sheplayedbasketball!   6.Heisgoodatsinging.→_____________hesings!   7.Hewasdoingwellindancing.→   ________a_____dancerhewas!   8.Tomcoughsbadly.→_______________coughTomhas!   9.Thefishisverylovely.→__________thefishis!   10.Theyliveahappylifetoday.→   _______________lifetheylive!二．选择合适选项()1.____anicewatchitis!   A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Howa   ()2.____brightgirlstheyare!   A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.howa   ()3.____interestingthefilmis!   A.WhatB.WhatanC.How   ()4.____sunnyday!Let’sgooutforawalk.   A.HowaB.HowC.WhataD. What   ()5.____hardworkitis!   A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan   ()6.____dayitis!It’srainyagain.   A.HowbadB.WhatabadC.HowfineD.Whatafine   ()7.____greatdayJuly1,1997willbe!   A.HowaB.WhataC.HowD.What   ()8.____expensivetrousers!   A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Whatan()9.____girlsheis!   A.WhatbrightaB.HowabrightC.HowbrightaD.Whatbright ()10.____weatherwehavetoday!   A.AfineB.WhatafineC.HowafineD.Whatfine  ()11.____carelessheis!   A.WhatB.HowC.SomuchD.Howmuch  ()12.____fromBeijingtoLondon!   A.HowlongwayitisB.Whatalongwayisit   C.HowlongwayisitD.Whatalongwayitis  ()13.Oh,John,____yougaveus!   A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.Howpleasantsurprise   C.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise ()14.____usefulworktheyhavedone!   A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Whatan  ()15.____nicepictureyougaveme!   A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan三、用What或How填空：1.__________abigtreeitis!2.__________bigthetreeis!3.__________beautifulpictures!4.__________beautifulthepicturesare!5.__________highthebuildingis!6.__________bigeyesshehas! 7.__________lovelytheice-creamis!8.__________lovelyice-cream!【提高题】一、将下列句子改为感叹句.1.It’sverycoldtoday.____________________________________________________2.It’sanicedress.____________________________________________________3.Theyarelovelyanimals.____________________________________________________4.Themandrivesverycarefully.____________________________________________________5.It’sbadweather.____________________________________________________6.Hecooksverydeliciousfood.____________________________________________________7.TheyhadagoodtimelastSunday.____________________________________________________8.Thegirlcomestoschoolsoearly.____________________________________________________9.Hetoldmeimportantnews.____________________________________________________10.Wehaveaveryhappyfamily.____________________________________________________11.Mrs.Lifoundherhandbagluckily.____________________________________________________12.Theplanefliesquitequickly.____________________________________________________13.Sheisaverycarefulstudent.____________________________________________________ 14.Thisisaneasyproblem.____________________________________________________15.Yourmotherlooksveryyoung.____________________________________________________二、用What,Whata,Whatan,How填空．1._____________hottheweatheris!2._____________hardherfatherworks!3._____________longwayitisfromGuangdongtoParis!4._____________finedayitwasyesterday!5._____________beautifulyourvoiceis!6._____________interestingpicture-books!7._____________lovelybaby!8._____________strongwind!9._____________sadnewshetoldus!10._____________happyshewaslastweekend!11._____________goodweather!12._____________nicethegardenis!13._____________difficultworkhedid!14._____________brokenthehouselooks!15._____________happylifewehave!16._____________wellmydeskmateswims!17._____________helpfulgirlsheis!18._____________deliciousmooncakes!19._____________dangerousthetigersare!20._____________tiredyoulook!三、同义句转换。(How句型和What句型之间的互换)1.Howcolditistoday!____________________________________________________2.Hownicethedressis!____________________________________________________3.Whatlovelyanimalsthoseare!____________________________________________________4.Howbadtheweatheris!____________________________________________________5.Whatdeliciousfooditis!____________________________________________________6.Howimportantthenewshetoldme!____________________________________________________ 7.Whatahappyfamilywehave!____________________________________________________8.Hownicethemusicis!____________________________________________________9.Howhardtheworkis!____________________________________________________10.Hownaughtyhersonis!____________________________________________________四、将下列句子翻译成英语.1.这些衣服真好看！________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.那些画太贵了！_______________________________________________________________________________________________________3.多丑的娃娃啊！________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.她的头发真长啊！________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.他是多么懒惰的人啊！________________________________________________________________________________________________________【课后练习】一、选择最佳答案填空 ()1._______carefullytheboydoeshishomework!A.How              B.HowanC.What                  D.Whatan ()2._______wellyousingbut_______badlyhedances!A.How,how          B.What,whatC.How,what       D.What,how ()3.________cheaptheseclothesare!I’dliketobuysomeformyson.A.How           B.HowanC.What                D.Whatan ()4._______foolstheywere!Theybelievedwhatthegirlssaid.A.How       B.HowanC.What               D.Whatan ()5._______difficultquestionstheyare!Ican’tanswerthem.A.How           B.HowanC.What           D.Whatan  ()6.Imissyouverymuch._______Iwanttoseeyou!A.How     B.HowanC.What          D.Whatan ()7.Oh,________mistakeyou’vemade!It’stoobad.A.How           B.HowaC.What             D.Whata ()8._______lovelyweatherwearehavingthesedays!A.How        B.HowanC.What         D.Whatan ()9._______deliciousyoursupperis!A.How       B.HowanC.What         D.Whatan()10._______interestingworkitistoteachchildren!A.How          B.HowanC.What            D.Whatan二、根据所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句：1.Theoldmanwalkedveryslowly.______________theoldmanwalked!2.Thefilmisverywonderful.______________thefilmis!3.Ourschoollooksverybeautifulinspring.______________ourschoolslooksinspring!4.Itisaveryusefuldictionary._____________________dictionaryitis!_____________________dictionaryis!5.Thestudentsarelisteningverycarefully.________________thestudentsarelistening!一定也有疑问吧！学到了什么? 参考答案：【基础练习】一．将下列句子变成感叹句   1.Whata2.Whatfine3.Whata4.Howhard5.Howwonderfully6.Howwell7.Whatagood8.Whatabad9.Howlovely10.Whatahappy二．选择合适选项1-5BACCB6-10BBACD11-15BDCAC三、用What或How填空：1.What2.How3.What4.How5.How6.What7.How8.What【提高题】一、将下列句子改为感叹句.1.Howcolditistoday!2.Whatanicedressitis!3.Whatlovelyanimalstheyare!4.Howcarefullythemandrives!5.Whatbadweatheritis!6.Whatdeliciousfoodhecooks!7.WhatagoodtimetheyhadlastSunday!8.Howearlythegirlcomestoschool!9.Whatimportantnewshetoldme!10.Whatahappyfamilywehave!11.HowluckilyMrs.Lifoundherhandbag!12.Howquicklytheplaneflies!13.Whatacarefulstudentsheis!14.Whataneasyproblemitis!15.Howyoungyourmotherlooks!二、用What,Whata,Whatan,How填空．1.How2.How3.Whata4.Whata5.How6.What7.Whata8.What9.What10.How11.What12.How13.What14.How15.Whata 16.How17.Whata18.What19.How20.How三、同义句转换。1.Whatacolddayitistoday!2.Whatanicedressitis!3.Howlovelythoseanimalsare!4.Whatbadweatheritis!5.Howdeliciousthefoodis!6.Whatimportantnewshetoldme!7.Howhappyafamilywehave!8.Whatnicemusicitis!9.Whathardworkitis!10.Whatanaughtyboyhersonis!四、将下列句子翻译成英语.1.Whatniceclothestheyare!/Hownicetheclothesare!2.Whatexpensivepaintingstheyare!/Howexpensivethepaintingsare!3.Whatanuglydollitis!/Howuglythedollis!4.Whatlonghairshehas!/Howlongherhairis!5.Whatalazymanheis!/Howlazythemanis!【课后练习】一、选择最佳答案填空1.—5.AAACC 6.—10.ADCAC 二、根据所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句：1.How,slowly 2.How,wonderful 3.How,beautiful 4.What,a,useful/How,useful,the 5.How,carefully