大学英语语法定语从句 7页

个性化教学辅导教案个性化教学辅导教案学员姓名：任课教师：李老师所授科目：__英语___学员年级：上课时间：年月号时分至时分共2课时教学标题定语从句教学目标掌握定语从句教学重难点选择关系代词和关系副词上次作业检查授课内容：PartOne——Speaking口语Describeasportyouparticularlyenjoyedplayingoryouwouldliketotry.PartTwo——Grammar语法Warmingup热身问题引入：1.什么是定语？运用我们所学过的句子成分知识来回答该问题并举例说明。2.什么是定语从句？（一）定语从句简单的说就是句子作定语来修饰前面的词，这个被修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句要由一个疑问代词或疑问副词来引出，这个词叫做引导词。Thewomanwhoisstandingthereisourteacher.先行词引导词练习：将下列复合句的先行词与引导词分别用横线和波浪形划出来，并总结它们之间的规律。1.Themeetingwhichyouhavemissedyesterdaywasveryimportant.2.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.3.ThevasethatIbrokeyesterdaywasveryexpensive.4.Theboywhohelpedyouismyneighbor.5.Thereasonwhyhetoldalieisstillunknown.6.Theoldladywhosetwodaughtersarebothteachers7.isourneighbor.8.Theboywhomyousawthismorningismyyoungerbrother.9.8.ThisistheplacewhereIlivedlastyear.Tip：1.先行词的词性一般是____________，后面所接的从句是对先行词的_____________，先行词与引导词的位置是_________________________：（判断定语从句的依据）3.以上定语从句中的引导词有：______________________________________（关系代词）；_____________________________________________（关系副词）。（二）各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法。1、关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as2、关系副词：when,where,why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。e.g.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）ThecomradewithwhomIcameknowsFrench.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：7 个性化教学辅导教案1）当先行词为人时用who作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。Tip：关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词作从句中充当_____________________,关系副词可作________________。（三）关系代词和关系副词的功用。要求：将从句中的关系词用先行词代替，将从句还原（还原法），并总结出下面的规律。1.作主语：关系代词作定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.从句为：whotalkmuchbutdolittle，将who用people代替后即为Peopletalkmuchbutdolittle.ThecarwhichareproducedinHubeiprovincesellverywell.2.作宾语：（关系代词可以省略）SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgatethismorning.3.作定语：关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用，相当于先行词+‘sWhat’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?4.作状语：Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichIwasborn.Tip：1.关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom,which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.2.关系副词可用介词+which来代替，如why=forwhich.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslateforschool.练习：根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:1.Theperson________________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.2.Thepencil________________hewaswritingbroke.3.WuDong,________________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.4.Thetwothings________________MarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.5.Herbag,________________sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.6.ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,________________thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.（四）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。7 个性化教学辅导教案e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。e.g.Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）（五）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1、that与which的区别。1）用that而不用which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing,…；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only,very,any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。e.g.Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。2）用which而不用that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词+关系代词。e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.这是父亲去年居住过的房子。3）as引导定语从句时的用法①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame…as,such…as结构中。e.g.Iwantthesameshirtasmyfriend’s.我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。3）as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。e.g.Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected.Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。e.g.Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesn’tlikeatall.练习：根据句子意思，在空白处填入适当的关系代词。1.I’vereadallthebooks________yougaveme.2.Thereisnodifficulty_________can’tbeovercomeintheworld.7 个性化教学辅导教案1.Thisisthefirstthing__________Iwanttosay.2.Hekeepsarecordofeverything__________hehadseenthere.3.TheTVplayIwatchedlastnightisthebestone_________Ihavewatchedbefore.4.Tellusaboutthepeopleandtheplaces__________aredifferentfromours.5.Thisistheverything___________Iamafter.6.Anyperson____________hasthemoneycanjointhegroup.7.Whoistheperson___________isstandingatthegateofBeijingTourismTower?8.Whichisthestar__________isnearesttotheearth?2.定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.5.当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。e.g.Thesickmanwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.6.介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which,that,whom,口语中也可用who，且可省略。e.g.Theman(whom/who/that)youweretalkingabouthascometoschool.解题方法点睛：1.找出先行词；2.确定从句中所缺少的成分；3.还原法确定关系词。Exercise:综合练习一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：1.Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon’tstudyhard.5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.8.Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.9.Theboyismybrother.Hewashereaminuteago.10.Thetreeisquitetall.Heisclimbingit.11.Hereisthegirl.Herbrotherworksinthisshop.12.That’sthechild.Wewerelookingathisdrawingjustnow.13.Thisistheboy.Hissisterisafamoussinger.14.Iwanttotalktotheboys.Theirhomeworkhaven’tbeenhandedin.15.Isthatthewoman?Herdaughterisinmyclass.16.Heusedtoliveinabighouse.Infrontofitgrewmanybananatrees.17.Theypassedafactory.Atthebackofthefactorytherewerericefields.7 个性化教学辅导教案18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding.Onthetopofitflewaflag.19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill.Atthefootofthehilltherewasatemple.20.Shecameintoabigroom.Inthemiddleofitstoodalargetable.二、选择题：1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.when2.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which3.Becauseofmypoormemory,all____youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as4.Doyourememberthosedays____wespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who5.Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.as6.Those____wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.when7.Whereistheman____Imetthismorning?A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who8.Whoisthewoman____issweepingtheflooroverthere?A.whoB./C.thatD.when9.Theman____youtalkedjustnowisaworker.A.whoB.whomC.towhomD.towho10.Theman____youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfather’sneighbour.A.withwhomB.whenC.towhomD.which11.Thedoctor____isleavingforAfricanextmonth.A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalkingC.thenurseistalkingtoD.whothenurseistalking12.Theman____aroundourschoolisfromAmerica.A.whichyoushowedB.youshowedhimC.youshowedD.whereyoushowed13.Hetalkedaboutahero____noonehadeverheard.A.ofwhomB.fromwhomC.aboutthatD.who14.InfacttheSwededidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which15.Haveyoureadthebook____Ilenttoyou?A.thatB.whomC.whenD.whose16.Finally,thethiefhandedovereverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.all17.Theforeignguests,____weregovernmentofficials,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.A.mostofthemB.mostofthatC.mostofwhomD.mostofthose18.Thisistheveryletter____camelastnight.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as19.Iknowonlyalittleaboutthismatter;youmayask____knowsbetterthanI.A.whoeverB.whomeverC.anyoneD.theone20.Thisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.A.whereB./C.whenD.what21.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.onwhich22.Nearbyweretwocanoes____theyhadcometotheisland.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD./23.Jackispleasedwith____youhavegivenhimandall____youhavetoldhim.A.that,whatB.what,thatC.which,whatD.that,which24.Doyouworknearthebuilding____colourisyellow?7 个性化教学辅导教案A.thatB.whichC.itsD.Whose25.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.A.whomB.whoC.towhomD.formwhom26.Isthisschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?A.theoneB.whichC.thatD.where27.Isthistheschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?A.theoneB.whereC.inwhichD./28,Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass____homesareinthecountry?A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which29.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.A.itB.whichC.thatD.he30.ThetrainwascrowdedandIhadtogetintoacarriage____alreadysevenotherpeople.A.whentherewereB.whichtherewereC.thattherewereD.wheretherewere31.Iliveinthehouse____windowsfacesouth.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.inthat32.----Whatgameispopularwiththem?----The____mostistennis.A.gametheylikeitB.gametheylikeC.bestgametheylikeD.bestgametheylikeit33.Theystayedwithmethreeweeks,____theydrankallthewineIhad.A.whichB.whichtimeC.duringwhichtimeD.duringwhich34.Theroom____MrWhitelivesisnotverylarge.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when35.Don’tforgettheday____youwerereceivedintotheYouthLeague.A.whenB.thatC.atwhichD.where36.I’vefinishedwritingthenovel,____istobepublishednextmonth.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when37.Hereturnedhomesafeandsoundafterafiercebattle,____wasunexpected.A.whichB.asC.thatD.it38.____weisknowntoall,Englishisnotverydifficulttolearn.A.WhatB.AsC.ThatD.Which39.Theoldmanhadthreesons,allof____diedduringWorldWarⅡ.A.whoseB.thatC.whomD.who40.Ihaveboughttwopens,____writewell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.bothofwhichD.allofwhich41.Doyouknowthereason____shehaschangedhermind?A.whyB.whichC.forthatD.ofwhich42.Hefailedintheexam,____provesthathewasn’tworkinghardenough.A.whichB.whatC.itD.that43.Duringtheweek____hetriedtocollectmaterialsforhisarticle.A.followingB.followedC.tofollowD.thatfollowed44.____wasexpected,hesucceededintheexam.A.ItB.WhichC.AsD.That45.Hestudiedhardandlaterbecameawell-knownwriter,____hisfatherexpected.A.thatwaswhatB.whatwasthatC.andwhichwasD.whichwaswhat46.Weshouldreadsuchbooks____willmakeusbetterandwiser.A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what47.Youmustshowmywifethesamerespect____youshowme.A.whenB.asC.whoseD.What48.Heisabsent____isoftenthecase.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.as49.Itisthefirsttime____Ihavecometoyourcity.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when50.Who____hasthesameideaasitwilldoitinthisway.A.whoB.thatC.whomD.which（多出部分见背面或另附纸张）7 个性化教学辅导教案作业：定语从句练习题学员课堂表现：（听课及知识掌握的情况反馈）签字确认学员_____________任课老师_____________学习管理师_____________7