英语语法-定语从句 38页

定语从句 1.Heisanhonestboy.2.Weloveourcountry.3.What’syourtelephonenumber?4.Thebookonthetableismine.5.TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.attribute(定语)作用：修饰,限定位置:单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面 Wevisitedthefactorywhichmakestoysforchildren.Mostmanagerswhoarepresentatthemeetingagreedtotheplan.Thestudentyouwanttoseehascome.TheletterthatIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather.In1998,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewup.IstillrememberthedaywhenImethimforthefirsttime.Thereasonwhyhemissedthespeechwasthathedidn’tcatchthebus.LookandSee TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolisfromCanada.先行词关系词(1)引导定语从句(whovisitedourschool)(2)在从句中作一成份(主语)(3)代替先行词(theforeigner)在从句中的位置在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句(TheAttributiveClause)拆分成两个句子 定语从句：由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：在名词或代词后先行词：引导定语从句的词关系代词(who,whom,whose,which,that)关系副词(when,where,why)被定语从句修饰的词作用：(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置关系词 关系代词先行词指人:作主语：who；that作宾语：who；that；whom作定语：whose先行词指物:作主语：which；that作宾语：which；that作定语：whose讲义讲解关系代词作宾语时可省略。 1.Thewoman_____________livesnextdoorisateacher.5.Thenurse__________looksaftermysisteriskind.3.Kevinisreadingabook___________istoodifficultforhim.8.Ihaveafriend__________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.4.Manypeople__________sawthefilmwereafraidtoswiminthesea.9.Itisaboutabigwhiteshark___________attacksswimmers.2.Yesterdayshetalkedwithonewoman________husbanddiedinthataccident.7.Thehouseismine.____________roofisbrown6.Haveyouseenmybook__________coverisred?who/thatwhosewhich/thatwho/thatwho/thatwhosewhose10.Theman__________________youmetjustnowismyteacher.11.Thisisthepen__________________heboughtyesterday.(who/whom/that)(which/that)who/thatwhich/that--（连句步骤，EX1,讲义） 注意事项：A.只用that不用which的情况：（一）当先行词被形容词最高级,序数词包括thelast等所修饰时:1)ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird2)ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.（二）先行词为all,much,little,something,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词:1)Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?2)That’sallthatIwanttosay.（三）当先行词既有人又有物时:1)Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.2)Hetalkedabouttheschoolandtheteachersthathehadvisited （四）当先行词被all,any,no,not,little,few,every,each，thevery,theonly等修饰时:1)Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.2)Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.3)ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.（五）主句是whowhich引导的特殊问句时:1)Whoistheboythatwasherejustnow?2)Whichisthebookthatyourfatherboughtyou?（六）关系代词在从句中作表语时:Thevillageisnolongerthepoorplacethatitusedtobe. C.先行词受such,thesame修饰时关系词常用as。I’veneverheardsuchstories________hetells.Thisisthesamedictionary________Ilostlastweek.D.以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略Theway___________________heansweredthequestionswassurprising.当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those,he等人称代词时。B.指人时用who不用that的情况：He_______doesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Those________haveanydifficultywithpronunciationshouldpractisemore.以……方式whowhoasas(that/inwhich) E.关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称、数、性应由先行词决定。I,who______yourfriend,canunderstandyou.She,who______myfriend,likesmusicverymuch.Thebookwhich______onthedeskismine.Thebookswhich________onthedeskismine.amislieslieTomisoneofthestudentswho_______fromtheforeigncountries.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_______fromtheforeigncountries.comecomes Fillintheblankswithsuitablerelativepronouns.1.Thisistheonlybook________Igotlastyear.2.Thisisthelargestanimal_____Tomsawinthezoo.3.Rosestillremembersthetreesandteachers_____exist(存在)inthemotherschool.4.Allthedesks____areboughtlookreallywonderful.5.Thisisthesecondwatch____myfatherboughtforme.thatthatthatthatthat Exercises:All_______weneedistobesuppliedwithfoodandclothing.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whom2.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.what 3.Canyoutellmethenameofthefactory_______youvisitedlastweek?A.whatB.inwhereC./D.when4.Idon’tliketheway_______youspeaktoher.A.thatB.inthatC.whoD.whose 5.Themostimportantthing_______weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing_______Ihavesaid.A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;that6.Shespentthewholeeveningtalkingaboutthethingsandpersons_______noneofushaseverheardof.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that 7.Whoistheperson_______istalkingabouttheaccident_______happenedonHighway104?A.which;whichB.who;whatC.that;thatD.what;what 1.Thisisall_____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_____yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_____youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Thisisoneofthebestbooks______.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenD.thathavewrittenBBBCAA 7.Hewrotealettertome,tellingmeeverything_____hesawonthewaytotheParis.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where8.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it9.Isthereanything_____toyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.whichbelongsD.thatbelong10.Thescientistandhisachievements_____youtoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose11.Whichofthebooks______wereborrowedfromhimisthebest?A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whoseBABBC 二.由关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词有when,where,why，在从句中担任状语1.when的用法when指时间，修饰表示时间的先行词，在定语从句中做状语，相当于at/in/onwhich,如：October1,1949isthedaywhen(=onwhich)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.Ishallneverforgetthetimewhen(=duringwhich)weworkedonthefarm.Doyouremembertheafternoonwhen(=onwhich)wefirstmetthreeyearsago? 2.where的用法where指地点，修饰表示地点的先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于in/on/atwhich.如：Thisistheplacewhere(=at/inwhich)wefirstmet.Thehotelwhere(=inwhich)westayedwasn’tveryclean.I’dliketoliveinacountrywhere(=inwhich)thereisplentyofsunshine. 3.why的用法why指原因，修饰名词reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于forwhich.Ididn’tgetapayrise,butthiswasn’tthereasonwhy(=forwhich)Ileft.Thereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslatewasthathemissedhistrain.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)yougotsoangrywithme. 1.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_____hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where2.Pleasetakeanyseat_____isfree.A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.that3.Myhomevillageisnolongerthesame_____itusedtobe.A.whichB.asC.whereD.when4.Theboy_____compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.which5.Idon"tliketheway_____youspeaktoher.A./B.thatC.inwhichD.AllA,B,andC 6.Suchabook_____youshowedmeisdifficulttounderstand.A.thatB.whichC.asD.like7.Thespeakerspokeofsomewritersandsomebooks_____werepopularthen.A./B.thatC.whichD.who8.Thisisthestore_____wevisitedthefamousshopassistants.A.whereB.thereC.thatD.which9.Ifashophaschairs_____womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where 10.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?—Thereisnooneelse______,isthere?A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn11.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome______Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.whichC.whenD.where12.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation______heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why13.---Isthatthesmalltown______youoftenreferto?---Right,justtheone______youknowIusedtoworkforyears.A.that,thatB.which,whichC.,whereD.,what (which/that)三、介词提前的定语从句常常由“介词+which/whom/whose”引出。Theschool__________heoncestudiedisveryfamous.Theschool________________heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine_____________youaskedfor.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine_____________youasked.Thisistheboy________________＿＿＿＿＿Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.Thisistheboy_______________Iplayedtennisyesterday.inwhich(which/that)forwhich(whom/who/that)withwhomThemanager________companyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.Themanager________companyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.whoseinwhose Thisistheclassroom___________westudiedinlastyear.=Thisistheclassroom___________westudiedlastyear.=Thisistheclassroom______westudiedlastyear.inwhich(that/which)whereIwillneverforgettheday________mydaughterwasbornon.=Iwillneverforgettheday________mydaughterwasborn.=Iwillneverforgettheday________mydaughterwasbornon.(whichthat)onwhichwhen 注意：1)含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。2)“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing. 介词的选定1)依据定语从句中短语的习惯搭配。Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands?=Whoisthegirl(that/who/whom)youjustshookhandswith?(shakehandswithsb.)2)介词常受先行词的制约(介词和先行词的搭配)。Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudythesky.(throughwhich即throughthetelescope) 3)the+名词+of+关系代词(which,whom)结构中的名词和后面的关系代词有所属关系=whose+n.ThisisthebookthecoverofwhichisdesignedbyMr.Jones.=Thisisthebook,whosecoverisdesignedbyMr.Jones.=Thisisthebook,ofwhichthecoverisdesignedbyMr.Jones. Canyouworkthemout????????Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,________whichwecan’tlive.2.Thestudent________whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.I’llneverforgettheday_____whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason______whichhehasn’tturnedupyet?foraboutonwithout 1.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding____thereisawell?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich2.I’llneverforgettheday____IjoinedtheLeague.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.atwhich3.Thewoman_____mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoD.whom4.Jeannewasheroldfriend,____sheborrowedanecklace.A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom5.Hisglasses,_____hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.thatCABBC 6.Sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,_____muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom7.Hebuiltatelescope_____hecouldstudytheskies.A.inwhichB.withthatC.throughwhichD.byit8.Doyouknowthereason____hewaslate?A.thatB.whichC.forwhatD.forwhich9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,____writeswell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem10.TheSecondWorldWar_____millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhichDCDBA 11.Chinahasmanyrivers,____theChangjiangRiveristhelongest.A.whichB.inwhichC.amongwhichD.oneofwhich12.Thisistheveryknife_____Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhich13.Thespeed____whichyoudriveyourcarmustn’tbetoohigh.14.Intheparktherearemanyflowers,thecolours_____whicharebrightandnice.15.Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,_____whichtherearemanypictures.16.Whatwerethethings_______whichhewasnottoosure?CDatofinabout 17.Theyheldameeting,____whichthehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.18.Thebook,_____whichhepaid6yuan,isworthreading.19.Isthistheman____whosehousethepolicefoundthelostcolouredTV?20.Thevillagersdugalongtunnel________whichtheycouldgotothefieldswithoutbeingfoundbytheJapanesesoldiers.21.WuDong,_____whomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.22.ThestoriesaboutLongMarch,_____whichthisisoneexample,arewellwritten.atforinthroughwithof 非限制性定语从句1.用逗号把从句与主句隔开,不用that。Heisalwayslate,whichmakeshisteacherangry.2.whichas在非限制性定语从句的异同as可放于句首/句末/句中which可置于句末/句中which指代前文的一个词或是一个句子，意思是“这件事”而as只可指代一个句子,意思是“正如…..正象…”.通常用下列句型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asmentionedabove,asweallknow,asIexpect，asthesayinggoes Heisalwayslate,_________makeshisteacherangry.Football,_________isaninterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.3.______iswellknown,bambooishollow（空心的）.（置于句首）4.Bambooishollow,________iswellknown.(置于句末）5.Bamboo,______iswellknown,ishollow.(置于句中）whichwhichAsasas(指代他迟到这件事.)(指代一个词，前文的“football”。） 1.______wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.Ipassedhimalargeglassofwhisky,_____hedrankimmediately.A.thatB.asC.whichD.who3.Sheisverygoodatdance,____everybodyknows.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as4.Itwasraining,_____wasapity.A.whatB.thatC.thewhichD.whichDCDD 5.______hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As6.Wedothesamework_____theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.like7.Theearthisround,_____weallknow.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.asDBD