英语语法-非谓语 24页

welcome 非谓语动词（复习）NON-FINITEVERBS 类型年份题量不定式-ing过去分词199721（12题）1（13题）199821（25题）1（17题）199932（14、21题）1（25题）200021（19题）1（22题）200121(35题)1(23题)近五年非谓语动词在高考中的复现率 一、形式主　　　动被　　　动一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式不定式动名词、现在分词过去分词二、功能主宾表定状补不定式动名词分　词todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendonedoinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendonedone√√√√√√√√√√√√√√ 现在分词与动名词的基本形式你知道吗？那么简单，谁不知道。是由动词末尾加-ing形式构成，因此又叫动词的-ing形式。V+-ing 千万要注意V-ing形式的规则:不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。 三、功能比较（一）不定式、动名词做主语的区别：1、动名词充当的主语一般表示抽象的、一般的、经常性的行为。不定式表特定、具体的行为，特别是表将来的或一次性的行为。2、在某些结构中，做主语的动名词和不定式是特定的，一般不能随意替换：1）在句子主语和表语同时使用非限定动词时，两者必须一致，不能交叉使用。eg.Seeingisbelieving.Tolearnistouse.2)在含有no这一否定词的句子里，一般用动名词作主语，但含not的句子则用不定式作主语。eg.Itisnogooddrinkingsomuch.Itisnoteasytofindajob.3)“疑问词+不定式“作主语时，不定式不能用动名词替换。eg.Whattodonexthasn’tbeendecided. （二）不定式、动名词作宾语的区别：1、动名词表示一般的、经常性的行为，不定式表示特定的、具体的行为。eg.Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimtoday.2、一般介词后面不可用不定式作宾语，（except,but除外）eg.Hehasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.Ihatethekindofpersonwhodoesnothingbutlookon.3、及物动词后一般可用动名词或不定式作宾语，但1)advise,consider(考虑),enjoy,escape,excuse,delay,deny,dislike,finish,keep,include,miss,mind,practise,stand(忍受),suggest(建议),risk,imagine,admit,can’thelp+doing2)agree,dare,decide,hope,determine,elect,choose,expect,fail,long,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,wish+todo4、有些及物动词可接动名词和不定式，但意义不同。rememberforgetregretstopgoontrymeanneedwantrequire （三）非谓语动词作表语的区别：对句子主语表述的特点时间概念相当词性不定式动名词现在分词过去分词eg.Ourplanistofinishtheworkatonce.Herjobwaslookingafterthepigs.Hisreportisinteresting.Thecupsarebroken.说明其具体内容说明其具体内容表示其性质、特征，与主语有主谓关系表示其所处的状态，与主语有动宾关系多表将来无时间性，可与主语换位表当时表当时或过去名词名词形容词形容词 （四）非谓语动词作定语的区别：和中心词的位置关系和中心词的逻辑关系时间概念动名词现在分词过去分词总是位于其后多位于其前或前或后或前或后多有动宾关系（vi.+介词）表示其性能、用途多有主谓关系vt.有动宾关系多表将来无时间性表进行中多表完成不定式eg.ameetingtobeheldtomorrowameetingbeingheldnowameetingheldyesterdayasleepingcarasleepingboyaroomtoliveinabrokencup （五）分词、不定式作补语的区别：与被补述词的逻辑关系时间概念不定式现在分词过去分词有主谓关系有主谓关系有动宾关系表已完成；一次性动作正在进行；延续性动词已完成，多表状态注：１、keep后只能用分词作宾补，不能用不定式eg.I’msorryI’vekeptyouwaiting.2、接不带to的不定式做宾补的动词有：see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,have,letmake （六）不定式和分词作状语的区别：不定式作状语通常表示目的、结果、程度及形容词后状语。分词作状语表示时间、条件、原因、或伴随方式。eg.TogetthereontimeIgotupveryearly.GuidedbytheParty,hefoundtherightway.Beingverysmall,computersarewidelyused.Youarebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatmeeting. 非谓语动词对比练习Dec.5,20011.Hewants______(clean)thehouse.2.Thehousewants_____(clean).3.Heneeds_____(repair)hisbike.4.Hisbikeneeds_______(repair).5.Headvised_____(make)anexperiment.6.Headvisedus_____(make)anexperiment.7.Theyareconsidering_____(travel)alloverthecountry.Theyareconsideringhow_____(travel)alloverthecountry.tocleancleaningtorepairrepairingmakingtomaketravelingtotravel 9.Try_____(knock)atthebackdoorifnoonehearsyouatthefrontdoor.10.Hetried_____(escape)butfailed.11.Shecouldn"thelpme_____(work)outtheproblem.12.Shecouldn"thelp_____(laugh)onhearingthegoodnews.13.Imeant_____(help)you,butIcouldn"t.14.Todosuchathingmeans_____(waste)time.15.Iremember_____(see)himsomewherebefore.16.Pleaseremember_____(close)thedoorwhenyouleave.knockingtoescapetoworklaughingtohelpwastingseeingtoclose 17.Iregret_____(miss)thegoodchance.18.Iregret_____(say)thatI"mtoobusytohelpyou.19.Theteachermademe_____(answer)thequestionatonce.20.Iwasmade_____(answer)thequestionatonce.21.Hesuggested_____(go)forapicnic.22.Hesuggestedthatwe_____(go)forapicnic.23.Wouldyoulike_____(swim)withme?24.Ilike_____(swim),butIdon"tlike_____(swim)today.25.Heprefers_____(watch)TVto_____(see)films.missingtosayanswertoanswergoinggotoswimswimmingtoswimwatchingseeing 26.Heprefers_____(watch)TVthan_____(see)films.27.Whenclassbegan,theyallstopped_____(talk).28.Whentheymetinthestreet,theystopped_____(talk)forawhile.29.Aftertherain,wewenton_____(work)inthefield.30.AfterhehadlearnedEnglish,hewenton_____(learn)German.31.Heusedto_____(get)upearlywhenhewasinthearmy.32.Heisusedto_____(work)withtheradioon.33.Computersareused_____(teach)Englishinourschoolnow.towatchseetalkingtotalkworkingtolearngetworkingtoteach 34.Everybodywas_____(surprise)atthe_____(surprise)news.35.Therewasa_____(frighten)lookonhisfacewhenheheardthe_____(frighten)noise.36.Whatyousaidwas_____(please)tous.37.Wearemuch_____(please)withwhatyouhavesaid.38.Chinaisa_____(develop)countrywhiletheU.S.A.isa_____(develop)one.39.Wesweptthe_____(fall)leavesinspiteofthe_____(fall)rain.40._____(see)fromthetopofthemountain,Wuzhoulooksmorebeautiful.surprisedsurprisingfrightenedfrighteningpleasingpleaseddevelopingdevelopedfallenfallingSeen _____(see)thepolicemancoming,thethiefranawayquickly.42.Heisverylazyandheoftenhashisclothes_____(wash).43.Heissolazythatheoftenhashismother_____(wash)hisclothes.44.Theteacherhadme_____(take)therubbishaway.45.Thefatherhadhisson_____(stand)asapunishment.46.Thechildrenthemselveshadtomakeahouse_____(live)in.Thismademe_____(feel)verysad.Seeingwashedwashtakestandingtolivefeel 47.Theboyisalways_____(worry)hismotherbynotworkinghard.48.Theboyisalways_____(worry)abouthismother"shealth.49."Theyare_____(seat)"means"Theyare_____(sit)."50."A_____(lose)child"means"a_____(miss)child."worryingworridseatedsittinglostmissing Toteachismyjob.Weliketoplayfootball.Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom.DoyouhaveanythingtosayIcomeheretoborrowabookIaskedTomtohelpme. Swimmingisagoodsport.Idon’tlikesmoking.MyjobisteachingEnglish.Thatisourreadingroom. Thecupisbroken.Weshouldrespectworkingpeople.Singingasong,theywenthomehappily.I’llhavemybikerepaired. 谢谢指导！