2012年高考英语语法复习课件-非谓语动词 46页

非谓语动词综合讲练教程 不定式、动名词用作主语动名词作主语1。直接作主语：（1）眼见为实。（2）天天做早操有益于健康。（3）吸烟不是好习惯。1.Seeingisbelieving.2.Doingmorningexerciseseverydayisgoodforhealth3.Smokingisnotagoodhabit2.用it作形式主语，常与nouse,nogood,useless,worthwhile连用（1）广说不做没用（2）做无益的后悔没用（3）吸烟太多无益（4）学好英语是值得做的1.It’snousetalkingtoomuchwithoutdoinganything2.It’suselesscryingoverthespiltmilk.3.It’snogoodsmokingtoomuch4.It’sworthwhilelearningEnglishwell.5 不定式作主语1。直接作主语（1）眼见为实（2）今天早晨做早操对身体无益（3）在这里吸烟很危险1.Toseeistobelieve2.Todomorningexercisestodayisnotgoodforhealth.3.Tosmokehereisdangerous2。用it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型（1）你这么说真是太好了（2）他说出这样的话太愚蠢了（3）我们学好英语是必要的（4）你们学好英语语法并不难1.Itisverykindofyoutosayso.2.It’sveryfoolishofhimtosaysuchthings3.ItisnecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell4.It’snotdifficultforyoutolearnwellEnglishgrammar3.固定句型（1）李垒每天花两个半小时完成作业（2）你昨晚用多长时间写完的作文？1.IttakesLiLeitwoandahalfhourstocompletehishomework.2.Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishwritingyourcomposition? 小结：动名词与不等式作主语时的区别一、对称原则二、特殊表达三、固定句型四、习惯用法主语和表语对称动名词表示经常性、反复发生的动作不等式表示具体的、某一次的动作IttakessbsometimetodosthIt’snouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile+doing…It’skind/wise/clever…ofsbtodosthIt’simportant/necessary/hard…forsbtodosth Task:completethefollowingsentences________________(没有用)learningwithoutpracticeIt’snogood________________________________（广说不做）It’snecessary_____________________________(我们学好英语）It’verykind____________________________（你帮助我）Howlong__________________________（你每天参加体育活动？）Becauseoftheheavysandstorm,________________(今天做晨练）isofnobenefittoyou.Multiplechoice1.Itisverygenerous_____youtobuymesuchanicegiftofB.forC.toD.with2.Youareclever;itwillbeeasy____youtoworkoutthewordpuzzleofB.forC.toD.with3.Ithinkitnogood_____withoutdoinganything.A,toplayaboutB,playaroundC.playingaboutD.playedaroundIt’snousetalkingtoomuchwithoutdoinganythingforustolearnEnglishwellofyoutohelpmedoesittakeyoutodosporteverydaytodomorningexercisestoday 不定式、动名词作宾语一、句型转换Ithinkitnouse……doingsthIfeelitstupidofhimtosaysuchsillythingstoherIfindituneasyforyoutolearnyoursubjectswellwithouthardworkCanyoutellmehowmanyhoursittookyoutodoyourhomework?二、A下列动词只能带动名词作宾语：记住下面这句话，巧记共35个多动词MissRescallcanenjoyfiveapplesatduskMissRescall----miss,mind,risk,recall,resistCan----can’thelp,consider,can’tresist,complete,can’tstand(bear)Enjoy–enjoyescape,excuse,endureFive–finish,fancyfeellike,favorite(利于）imagine,include---advise,avoid,appreciate,admit,allow----practise,postpone,pardon,prevent,putoffdusk---delay,understand,suggest,keep(deny否认） D.下列动词只能带不定式作宾语：记住下面这句话，(2HD3A4P,worstfem各一)巧记近20个多动词afford,agree,attempt,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,manage,offer,plan,pretend,prepare,promise,refuse,seem,tend,wishB以介词to结尾的常用短语be/getusedto,cometo,devoteoneselfto,listento,lookforwardtoobjectto/getdownto,prefer...to,payattentionto,refertosticktoC特殊句型1spend(waste)...(in)doing2bebusy(in)doing3havedifficulty(trouble,fun,pleasure,agood,hardtime)indoing4stopprevent...(from)doing5Thereisnousenoharmnohurry...(in)doingsth 在forget,remember,regret,want,need,require,try,stop,goon,mean等动词后，可接不定式,也可接动名词做宾语，但含义差别。1forget,remember,regret+doing动作已经发生+todo动作未发生2want,need,require+doing表被动=tobedone注：beworthdoing=beworthytobedone3trydoing试着做trytodo尽力做，想要做4stopdoing停止做某事，(先后是一件事).stoptodo停下来做某事,(先后不是同一件事)5goondoing继续敌某事，(先后是同一件事)goontodo接下来做某事，(先后不是同一件事)6meandoing意味着做某事meantodo故意或想要做某事7can’thelpdoingsth抑制不住、禁不住做某事can’thelp(to)dosth无帮助、无助于做某事8,onlytodo…结果是…（出乎预料）,onlydoing…结果是…(必然是…)E.注意下列11种不同动词或句型的用法 9prefertodo…ratherthando…宁愿…而不…preferdoing…todoing…wouldratherdo…thando…woulddo…ratherthando…10havenothingtodo/donothingbut/exceptdo…只好做（别无选择）enjoydoingnothingbutdoing…只喜欢做…wantnothingbuttodo…只想做…11在begin,start,continue等词后可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，意义区别不大.但要注意1）本身是-ing形式时，其后要接不定式2）如果表示主语有意识地开始做某事，多用动名词3）主语是物多用不定式4）其后的动词是表示情感的或与智力有关的，不用v-ing形式know,realize,hate,love,understand,wonder,remember,forget Task:completethefollowingsentencesDoyouremember___________________（以前见过这个人吗）?Hedenied_______________________（冤枉了他的父母）Sheregreted______________________(在会上给领导提了意见）.Don’twastetime___________________(劝他戒烟）Iwouldratherstayathome_______________(也不出去玩）Doyouthinkitnecessary_________________(我们学好英语）？Howlongdidittakeyou__________________(写完作文）？Hehasdonenothingbut__________________（玩了一整天）.Onhearingthenews,Tom_________________(抑制不住哭了）.LittleSophiawentthetheater,only_________(被告知演出结束了）seeingthemanbeforedoingwrongtotheirparentsputtingforwardthesuggestiontotheirleader…advisinghimtogiveupsmokingthangoouttoplayforustolearnEnglishwelltofinishedwritingyourcompositionplayalldaylongcouldn’thelpcryingtobetoldthattheperformancehadbeenoverMultiplechoice1.Wouldyoumind______thedoor?openB,openingC,toopenD,opened“Somuchforthenewwordsandexpressions;let’sgoon_______thetext.”theteachersaidwithasmile.totalkaboutB,talkingaboutC,tobetalkingD,talkaboutI’msorry,butI’veforgotten________myhomeworkwithme.A,tobringB,tobebringC,bringingD,brought Thisroomneeds_______.It’stooshabby.paintB.paintingC.topainD.paintedHaveyouconsidered______toimproveyourspokenEnglish?A.practisinglisteningandspeakingB.practisingtolistenandspeakC.topractiselisteningandspeakingD.topractisetolistenandspeak6.Attheageof18hebegan_______theimportanceofknowledge.A.understandB.understandingC.understoodD.tounderstand7.Intheolddays,manypeoplecouldn’tafford____theirchildrentoSchool.A.sentB,sendingC,tosendDsend8.------Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.------Whatdoyousuppose________toher?A.washappeningB,tohappenC,hashappenedD.havinghappened9.Weallappreciate________wheneveryouhavetime.A.JanedropinB,Jane’sdroppinginC,JanetodropinD.Janedropsin10.Haveyougotused_________inHarbin?A.tolivingB,toliveC,livingD,tobeliving11.Nobodyiswillingtogotoapartywithout___________.A.askingB,tobeaskedC,beingaskedD,havingasked4,B;5,A;6,D;7,C;8,C;9,B;10,C;11,C 非谓语动词作表语动名词作表语1对称原则，主语是动名词，表语一般也用动名词Seeingisbelieving2动名词作表语表明主语的性质或内容（有时可与主语互换）MyjobisteachingyouEnglishTeachingyouEnglishismyjob.不定式作表语:(1)计划，趋势将要做的sheistogetmarriednextweek.(2)责任，义务必须做的I’mtoseeyouoffattheairporttomorrow(3)祁使,命令不得不做的You’retostandhere,doyouunderstand.(4)命运安排,注定做的Disneymetthemouseandhewastobecomeafamousartist.分词作表语表示主语的特点特征.现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动；不及物动词的过去分词表示完成Thebookisinterestingandthestudentsaremoved.Heiscome.Thequestsaregone.Theleavesarefallen. 非谓语动词作定语动名词作定语表示被修饰词用途drinkingwater==thewaterthatis(used)fordrinkingdrinkingwater,livingroom,sittingroom,washingpowder分词作定语，表被修饰词的特点、特征.单个分词作定语前置，分词短语作定语，放在所修饰词之后。现在分词和过去分词的区别：时态上，现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示已经完成；语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动boilingwater=thewaterthatisboiling.fallenleaves,boiledwatersleepingchild=thechildwhoisasleepamovingfilm,amovedgirlTherewasasurprisedlookonherfaceatthenews.动词不定式作定1.后置，表示将来Intheyearstocome,wewillstudyharderandharder.ThisistheHopeProjectSchooltobebuiltnextyear. 2.当特定的谓语动词(有,需要,给,找,弄have,need,want,give,find,get)后的名词(或宾语)用不定式来修饰.1.Ihavealotofworktodo.2.Iwanttogetsomethingtoread.3.Doyouneedsomewatertodrink?4.Pleasegivemeapieceofpapertowriteon.5.Let’sfindaroomtoputthosethingsin.3.当名词有特定的定语,如形容词副词的最高级,序数词及next,only,right等,其后接不定式作定语Heisthefirst(student)tocomeandthelasttoleave.Whereisthebestplacetomeet?Weneedthenextroomtoholdcorn.Heistheonlypersontobefitforthejob.4.一些需要不定式作宾语的动词转化成的名词,agreement,attempt,decision,need,promise,plan,wish等,常用不定式来修饰.Thereisnoneedtosendforadoctor.注:(1)不及物动词或特殊用法,要加合适的介词.Theyneedahousetolivein.Therearemanymodelbikestochoosefrom. Practise1]Theman_______________________(stand)overtherenow.2]Theman_______________________(stand)overtherethen.3]Theman_______________________(stand)overthereyesterday.4]Theman_______________________(stand)overthereveryoften.5]Theman_______________________(stand)overtheretomorrow..isstandingwasstandingstoodstandswillstand1]Theman___________(stand)overtherenowisfromAmerica.2]Theman___________(stand)overtherethenisfromAmerica.3]Theman___________(stand)overthereyesterdayisfromAmerica.4]Theman__________(stand)overthereveryoftenisfromAmerica.5]Theman__________(stand)overtheretomorrowisfromAmerica.whoisstandingwhowasstandingwhostoodwhostandswhowillstand(whois)standing(whowas)standing(who)stood-standing(who)stands-standing(whowill)stand-tostandFillintheblankswithverbsgivenintheirproperformsFillintheblankswithverbsgivenintheirproperforms FillintheblankswithverbsgivenintheirproperformsFillintheblankswithverbsgivenintheirproperforms1,Thebuilding______________(build)herenow.2,Thebuilding______________(build)herethen.3,Thebuilding______________(build)herelastyear.4,Thebuilding______________(build)hereveryoften.5,Thebuilding______________(build)herealready.6,Thebuilding______________(build)herenextyear.1,Thebuilding______________(build)herenowisaschool.2,Thebuilding______________(build)herethenisaschool.3,Thebuilding______________(build)herelastyearisaschool.4,Thebuilding______________(build)hereveryoftenisaschool5,Thebuilding______________(build)herealreadyisaschool.6,Thebuilding______________(build)herenextyear.isbeingbuiltwasbeingbuiltwasbuiltisbuilthasbeenbuiltwillbebuiltwhichisbeingbuiltwhichwasbeingbuiltwhichwasbuiltthatisbuiltthathasbeenbuiltthatwillbebuilt(whichis)beingbuilt(whichwas)beingbuilt(whichwas)built(thatis)built(thathasbeen)built(thatwill)tobebuilt Task:completethefollowingsentences1.Doyouknowthegirl_____________________(名叫沙丽的）？Whoisthewoman_______________________(站在柜台后的）Whatisthehouse______________(在建的）usedfor?We’llmoveintothebuilding______________(明年竣工的）Herwish_____________（当一名作家）willsurelycometrue.Wheredoyouthinkisthebestplace__________(放这个书架）？Canyougetme________________（一些水喝）Whoistherightperson_______________（适合这项工作）？It’sfallalreadyandyoucansee___________(地上有很多落叶）Whoistheboy___________________（经常在操场上踢足球）？called/namedSallyStandingbehindthecounterbeingbuilttobecompletednextyeartobeawritertoputthebookshelfsomewatertodrinktobefitforthejobmanyfallenleavesonthegroundoftenplayingfootballontheplaygroundMultiplechoice1.Atthesightofthestranger,therewasa____expressiononherfaceSurprisedB,surprisingC,shockingD,angry2.Thesupermarket______isthebiggestoneinourcity.A.havingalreadybeenbuiltB,hasingalreadybeenbuiltC.beingalreadybuiltD,alreadybuilt 非谓语动词作补语一、带to的不定式作宾补(abrightpacefoul一次聪明的速度犯规)A在allow,ask,advise,beg,command,cause,encourage,expect,force,get,hateinvitelikeorderpermitpreferremindtellurgewant,wish等动词后,用带to的不定式作宾补(1)Ipreferyounottoplayalldaylong.(2)I’dlikeyoutohelpmewithmyhomework.(3)You’dbettergetmorepeopletodothework.二、表示见解看法的动词+宾语+带to的不定式(tobedoing/tohavedone…).具有这种用法的动词有:believe,consider,declare,discover,feel,find,guess,imagine,judge,suppose,think,understand1,Wefoundtherumortrue.2,Iconsiderhimtohavedonewrong.3,Ialwaysimaginemetobeamillionaire.4,Ifelthimtobeaspy三、“短语动词+宾语+带to的不定式”这类动词有arrangefor,askfor,callon,counton,dependon,longfor,relyon,waitfor1.YoucannotcountonTomtohelpyou.ChairmanMaocalledonustoservethepeopleheartandsoul. 四、省to的不定式作宾补：宾补省to记11,一感二听三使役;五看一帮两均可,被动该to不能弃.feel,hear,listento,have,let,make,see,lookat,notice,observe,watch,helpWeoftenseethemplayfootball;TheyareoftenseentoplayfootballHewasmadetostandoutsidefortwohours分词短语作宾补一.能带现在分词做宾补的动词有:have,get,keep,set,send,leave,catch,hear,listento,feel,see,find,lookat,watch,observe,noticeMyfatherhadonlytwomenworkingforhimDon’thavethehorserunningsofast,It’sdangerous.Haveyounoticedtheboypassingacrossthestreet?过去分词作宾补二、能带过去分词作宾补的动词有make,have,getleave及感官动词see,watch,lookat,findhearlistento,feel等.宾语与补语的关系是被动含义时，用过去分词作宾补Iwassurprisedtoseesomanypeopleseatedatthebackoftheclass.IhaveneverheardthissongsungsosweetlyYou’dbettergetyourbikerepairedatonce Task:completethefollowingsentences1.Theyrequiredme__________________________(不要泄漏秘密）2.___________________（我们劝他戒烟）,buthewouldn‘t.3.Weoftengoandseethem__________________(打篮球）4.Idiscoveredhim________________(在说谎）5.Wefoundthem_________________(已经提前完成了任务）6.Theyweremade____________________(夜以继日地干活）7.Thetwocheats_____________________(让灯亮了一整夜）8.Thethiefwascaught________________(在商店里偷窃）9.Thegunshotsentthebirds________________(四处飞去）10.Theyareexpected______________________(越来越努力学习）nottoletoutthesecretWeadvisedhimtogiveupsmokingplaybasketballtobetellingliestohavecompletedtheirtaskaheadoftimetoworkdayandnighthadthelampsburningallnightlongstealinginashopflyingawayinallthedirectionstostudyharderandharderMultiplechoice1.Themissingboywaslastseen__________bytheriver.playingB,playC,playedD,toplay2.Don’thavethehorse______sofast;It’sdangerous.A,torunB,runsC,runningD,ran3.Tomhadhispocket______onabusthismorning.A,pickB,topickC,pickingD,picked 4.Peopleinthesouthoftenhavetheirhouses_______bamboo.madeofB,makingofC,tobemadeofD,makeof5.People____onthecoastoftenhavetheirhouses____byhurricanesA,living;damagingB,living;damagedC,lived,damagedD,live;damage6.Iwillgobacktoourhometown.Doyouhaveanything______home?totakeB,takingC,tobetakenD,taken7.Pleasecomehere;Ihavesomethingimportant______you.A,tellingB,tobetoldC,toldD,totell8.Girlsarenotallowed______theirfingernailsredatschool.paintedB,paintingC.topaintD,tobepainted9.You’dbettergetmorepeople_____theworkimmediately.AtodoB,doingCdoD,done10.You’dbettergetthework____atonce;It’sgongtorain.AtodoB,doingCdoD,done11.MissSara,I_______attherailwaystation.Mybossisbusynow.AamgoingtoseeyouoffB,toseeyouoffC.amabouttoseeyouoffD,mustseeyouoff12.Whathesaidgotus______alltheway.A.laughingB,laughC,tolaughD,laughed 非谓语动词作状语（1）不定式做状语，表示原因,目的或结果。为了强调目的,可与inorderto或soasto连用。1,Ireachedhomeonlytofindmyolddogdead.2,Hegotupearly(inorder)tocatchtheearlybus.3,ToimproveourEnglish,wecomehere.4,I’msogladtoseeyou.5,Theywenttotherailwaystation,onlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.注:(1)“only+不定式”表示出乎预料的结果.Hewenttotheseasideonlytobedrowned(2)不定式表结果常与下列结构连用.A,so+adj/adv+as(not)todo…(如此……以至于(没）…)I’mnotsostupidastodothat.B,such+(adj)n+as(not)todo…(如此……以至于(不)…)I’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.C,enough+n+todo…(足够……)Idon’thaveenoughmoneytobuyacar.D,adj/adv+enough+todo…(足已到/能……)Thegirlisoldenoughtogotoschool.E,too+adj/adv+todo…(太…以至于不能…)I’mtootiredtogoanyfurther. 分词作状语分词作状语可以表示时间，条件，原因，结果，伴随或方式，及独立成分。分词作状语的首要条件是分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，分词与逻辑主语的关系是主动的，用现在分词，反之，用过去分词1,Hearingthenews,hecouldn’thelplaughing.（时间）=2,Givenenoughtime,Icandoitbetter（条件）=3,Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool（原因）=4,Theglassfelltotheground,breakingintopieces.(结果）=5,Ourteachercamein,followedbymanystudents(伴随）=6,Judgingfromhisaccent,heisfromAmerica.7,Generallyspeaking,onemustbeconfident.whenheheardthenews,IfIamgivenenoughtime,Becausehewasill,sothatitbrokeintopieces.andhewasfollowedbymanystudents Task:completethefollowingsentences1.Hecameintotheroom,________________(后面簇拥着许多学生）2.Hismotherdied,_____________________(使他成为一个孤儿）3.Hewenttotherailwaystation,__________(却得知火车已经开了）4.I’msoglad________________(见到你）.Bye-by.5.Wegotupearly_______________________(为了赶上早班车）6._________________(从山顶上看）,theparklooksmorebeautiful.7._________________（作为学生），healwayskeepsaciviltongue.8._________________(因为残疾），Tomcannotmovearound.9.Heissolazy____________________(以至于考试没有及格）10.Sheisoldenough______________（结婚）11.Youcanneverbetoocareful______________（做工作）12.Sheistooclever_____________________(不会不理解你的话）13.Oneisnevertooold_________________(而不能学习）14.Iambuttoohappy___________________(被邀请参加你的聚会）15._________________(从口音上判断),you’reaHarbinese16.I’mnotsuchafool__________________(会相信你的鬼话）17.Hewenttohelptheoldman,_________________(却被关进监狱）followedbymanystudentsleavinghimanorphanonlytotoldthatthetrainhadlefttohaveseenyousoastocatchtheearlybusSeenfromtopofthehillBeingastudent,Beingdisabled,asnottopasstheexamtogetmarriedtodoyourworknottounderstandyoutolearntobeinvitedtoyourbirthdaypartyJudgingfromhisaccentastobelieveyournonsenseonlytobeputintoprison 非谓语动词的时态、语态主动语态时态．不定式动名词分词一般时tododoingdoing进行时tobedoing完成时tohavedonehavingdonehavingdone被动语态一般时tobedonebeingdonedone进行时beingdone完成时tohavebeendonehavingbeendonehavingbeendone 动名词时态、语态的用法1.动名词的一般形式表示一般性动作，（即是不明确过去，现在或将来的动作）或是与谓语动词同时发生的动作WeareinterestedinclimbingmountainsIprefersingingtodancing2如果强调动名词的完成时，要用完成形式Iregrethavingtakenheradvice.Hewaspraisedforhavingpassedtheexam.3当一个动名词逻辑上的主语是该动名词的承受者，这个动名词要用被动形式HeenteredtheroomwithoutbeingseenHerememberedbeingtakentoBeijingwhenhewasachild4如果动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式HeisproudofhavingbeensenttoworkinTibet.Tomregrettednothavingbeeninvitedtotheparty. 不定式时态、语态的用法1.不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，用一般时态Hewantedtoseeyou2.强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用进行时态WhenIcamein,hepretendedtobereadingabookHeissaidtobewritinganovel3.强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成时Heissaidtohavewrittenanovel.I’msogladtohaveseenyou.Thegroundissowet,Itmusthaverainedlastnight不定式被动语态的用法.A,当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时，用被动语态SheaskedtobesenttoworkinTibet(宾语)ThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish(或叫合Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere(主语) 句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，尽管不定式与被修饰词是被动关系，也还要用主动语态1,GivehimsomebooktoreadDoyouhaveanyclothestowash?“Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?”askedthemaid2,S+be+easydifficulthardpleasantinterestingexcitingcomfortable+todoThisquestioniseasytoanswerTheboyisdifficulttoteach3,ThehouseistoletThemanageristoblame.Thereasonisnotfartoseek.4Therebe句型中，主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同Thereisnothingtodonow(wehavenothingtodonow)现在没事干Thereisnothingtobedonenow(wecandonothingnow)现在没什么办法Thereisnothingtosee(nothingisworthseeing)没有东西值得看Thereisnothingtobeseen看不见有什么东西 分词时态、语态的用法如果强调分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。Nothavingfinishedhishomework,Tomwasmadetostayatschool.Havingclosedallthewindows,IwenthomeHavingbeeninvitedtotheparty,Tomwasveryhappy.分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词与其逻辑主语的关系时被动的，要用被动语态1.Lookingoutofthewindow,Icanseemanycarsandbuses.2.SeenfromthetopofDragonTower,Harbinlooksmorebeautiful.3.Theteachercamein,_______manystudents.(follow)4.Theteachercamein,_______bymanystudents.(follow)followingfollowed如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时，要用分词的进行时态。1.Beingrepaired,thebuildingisforbiddentoenter.2.ThehousebeingbuiltnowisaHopeProjectSchool.3.Passingbytheaccidentscene,Isawthemanbadlyhurtbeingcarriedontoanambulance. Task:completethefollowingsentences1.“＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿（你有衣服要洗吗）?themaidasked.2.________________(没有完成作业),TomwasforbiddentowatchTV.3.________________(正在刷油漆),thehousewasnotallowedtoenter.4.________________(被邀请参加舞会),Maryfeltexcited.5.Thedifficultmathsproblem____________________(很难算出）.6.Shewasangryfor__________________(没有被邀请）totheball.7.Thethiefstoleintothestore_________________(没人看到）8.Theflat_________________(出租）9.Themanwhowasondutythatday_________________(应受谴责）10.Theywereproudof____________________(被派往西藏去工作）11.Whentheteachercamein,Tom_________________(假装再看书）12.NiPingissaid____________________(写了一本名叫“日子”的书）13.SongDandanissaid_______________(在写一本叫“月子”的书）14._________________(从窗户往外看),Icanseemanytallbuildings.15._________________(从山顶往下看),thecitylooksmorebeautiful.16._________________(他有很多活要干）.Don’tbotherhim.17._________________(他有很多活要干)andyoucango,too.DoyouhaveanyclothestobewashedNothavingfinishedhishomework,BeingpaintedNothavingbeeninvitedtotheball,isdifficulttoworkoutnothavingbeeninvitedwithoutbeingseenistoletistoblamehavingbeensenttoworkinTibetpretendedtobereadingtohavewrittenabookcalled“TheDays”tobewritingabooknamed“TheMonths”Lookingoutofthewindow,Seenfromtopofthehill,HehasalotofworktodoHehasalotofworktobedone 不定式的省略一．省to不定式的固定句型1,hadbetter(not)do…youhadbetterstayathome2,wouldratherdo...thando…I’dratherstayathomethangoout3,prefertodo...ratherthando…I’dprefertodieratherthansteal4,cannotbutdo不得不…必然…Hecannotbutagree.5,cannothelpbutdo...不得不…Eg:IcouldnothelpbutrealizethatIwaswrong我这才意识到我错了。6,donothingbutdo...nothingtodobut/exceptdo只能，只有Eg:Ihadnothingtodobutwaitthere.7,why(not)do...Whynotaskyourteacherforhelp?8,当主语部分有do，则表语可省toEg:WhatIwanttodoisrunaschool=Hiswishistorunaschool9,当两个或更多相同的不定式并列使用时，除第一个不定式带to外其余的不加。Shetoldthechildtostaythereandwaittillshecameback.注：如果两者有比较关系，那么每个不定式前都得加toTotryandfailisbetterthannottotryatall. 二、不省“to”的情况(1)在usedtobegoingtomeantooughttoplantotrytowouldliketowouldlovetohopetowantto下列句子中，to通常都得留Eg:Hedoesn’tgetupearly,butheusedto–canyouworkoutthismathsproblem?--I’lltryto(2)在be+adj(如：glad,happy,pleased,anxious,willing,ready）等此后保留toEg：---Wouldyouliketojoinusinthegame?---I’dloveto3.在ask,advise,allow,permit,persuade,tell,wish等词的复合结构中to通常保留Eg:Dotheexperimentasyourteachertellsyouto4.不定式的否定形式后保留toEg:HewantedtoquizschoolandIadvisedhimnotto注：to后若是主动词have或be时，必须保留。Eg:---Sorry,Ididn’tfinisheddoingmyhomework.---YououghttohaveOurschoolisnolongerwhatitusedtobe Wh-+todo结构1作主语WhentostartHowtogothereWheretogoWhotodoithasnotbeendecided.2宾语。在discover,findout,know,see,show,understand等动词后，不直接用不定式作宾语，必须用wh--+to结构，在下列词中也带这种结构,decide,learn,remember,forget,wonderIdon’tknowwhentostartwhotodoithowtodoitwheretogowhethertodoit3表语Theproblemiswhentostartitwhotodoithowtogotherewheretogo4状语。Shewasataloss(asto)whattodo她不知如何是好5同位语：Ihavenoideawhichonetotake我不知道该拿哪个注：why(not)do… Task:completethefollowingsentences1.__________________(什么时候动身）isstillundecided.2.Theproblemis________________________(去哪）？3.Idon’tknow_________________________(选择哪一个）4.Doyouunderstand____________________(如何操纵这台电脑）?5.______________________(谁适合这项工作)isstillunknown.6.Ihavenoidea____________________________(为什么不去北京）7.You’dbetter_______________________(不要忘记过去）8.Iwouldratherstarvetodeath___________________(也不去乞讨）9._____________(我宁愿考试不及格）ratherthancheatintheexam10.Noonesupportedmeatthemeeting,so_________(我只得放弃）11.WhatIwanttodois____________________(帮你提高英语）12.Icoulddonothingintheworld_________（只能在词在等一小时）13.------Wouldyouliketocometomybirthdayparty?------________________(我很想去），butI’mtoobusy.14.Ourschool_______________________(已不是以前的老样子了）15.Myhometown_____________________(还是以前的老样子）16.Heattemptedtoquizhisjoband___________(我们都劝他不要）WhentostartoffwheretogowhichonetochoosehowtorunthecomputerWhotobefitforthejobwhynotgotoBeijing.notforgetthepastratherthangobeggingI’dratherfailtopassIcannotbutgiveuphelpyouimproveyourEnglishbutwaithereforanotherhourI’dlovetoisnolongerwhatitusedtobeiswhatiswasbeforewealladvisedhimnotto 非谓语动词的复合结构一．不定式的复合结构forsbtodosth1作主语:It’seasyforustorememberafewnewwords2作宾语:IfinditimpossibleforTomtopasstheexam.3作表语:Thisisforyoutodecide4定语:Ihavealotofworkforyoutodo5状语:Theboxistooheavyformetotake二、分词的复合结构(词/代词（主格）+分词)在句中多用来作状语Hefelltotheground,nosebleedingHecameintotheroom,hairtiedback.三、动名词的复合结构（名词或代词的所有格+doing)1作主语:Mary’scominglatemadeherteacherangryIt’snouseyourtellingmenottoworry2作宾语:Motherinsistedonmybrother’sgoingtocollegeWouldyoumindmyopeningthedoor?注：在口语中，动名词前的代词可用宾格，名词也可不用所有格3作表语:Whatistroublingusistheirnothavingenoughmoney With结构With+名词或代词（宾格）+名词（短语）+不定式（短语）+现在分词（短语）+过去分词（短语）+介词短语+形容词（短语）+副词（短语）HecameintotheroomwithTomandJanehisclassmateswithalotofworktodowithhisnosebleeding.withhishairtiedattheback.withapairofsunglassesonhisnose.withhisfaceredwithcoldwithnothingon.Doyouknowtheboy……? 分词和不定式的独立成分分词或分词短语作独立成份（作状语或插入语）strictlyspeaking,generallyspeaking,franklyspeaking,judgingbyFrom，broadlyspeakingtalkingof,considering,supposingTaking…intoconsideration,Strictlyspeaking，thissentenceiswrong.Judgingbythefacts,Tomtoldusthetruth.Thehousecosthim,roughlyspeaking,200,000dollars不定式或不定式短语作独立成份（状语或插入语）totell(you)thetruth,tobe,honest,tobefrank,tobeexact,tobebrieftobeginwith,tostartwith,todohimjustice(说句对他公道的话）Totellyouthetruth,IdowanttolearnEnglishwell.Tobefrank,youhaveprobablydonewrongtoher.Todohimjustice,heisquitefitforthejob. Task:completethefollowingsentences1.___________________(马丽迟到了）madeherteacherquiteangry.2.___________________(时间允许）,I’llgowithyoutothepark.3.It’seasy_____________________(我们学好英语）4.Ifinditimpossible____________________(汤姆按时完成作业）.5.Thisis_____________________(有你来告诉汤姆）6.Ihavemanyletters______________(要珍妮来写）7.Theboxistooheavy______________(我抬不起来）8.________________(跟你说实话吧）,Idon’tlikeEnglish9.________________(严格地讲）,thissentenceiswrong.10._______________(说句对他公道的话）,heisnottoblame11._______________(考虑到他的能力），hedidtheworkfairlywell.12._____________(绿色信号灯给过后),carsandbusesbegantomove.13.Heclimbedoverthefence,___________________(手里拿着刀）.14.Hewenttothepostoffice____________________(要买几张邮票）15.Hewentoutofthepostoffice________________(买了几张邮票）16.Tomcameintotheroom,____________________(手被绑在背后）Mary’scominglatetoschoolTimepermitting,forustolearnEnglishwellforTomtocompletehishomeworkintim.foryoutotellTomforJanetowriteformetocarryTotellyouthetruthStrictlyspeaking,TodohimjusticeTakehisabilityintoconsideration,Greensignalsgiven,swordinhandwithafewstampstobuywithafewstampsboughthandstiedattheback Task:changethefollowingsentencesintosimpleones.SinceIdon’tknowheraddress,Ican’tgetintouchwithher.2.WehavecomehereinorderthatwecanimproveourEnglish.3.Theycameintotheroomandtheyweresinginganddancing.4.Whensheheardthenews,shecouldn’thelplaughing.5.Afterheclosedthewindows,hewenthome.6.Whenwehadfinishedthework,wewentouttoplay.7.Afterthesignalsweregiven,carsandbusesbegantomove.8.Iftheweatherpermits,we’llgooutonanouting.Notknowingheraddress,ToimproveourEnglish,wehavecomehere.Theycameintotheroom,singinganddancing.Hearingthenews,she……Havingclosedthewindows,……Havingfinishedthework,we……Signalsgiven,……Weatherpermitting,…… Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.2.ThatSamcametoschoollatemadehisteacherquiteangry.3.Motherinsistedthatmybrothershouldgotocollege.4.ThestoneissoheavythatIcannotliftit.5.Tomissooldthathecancertainlygetmarried.6.Youarenotsooldthatyoucan’twork.7.Thoughhehadbeentoldseveraltimes,hedidn’tunderstandme.8.Youngasheis,heknowsalot.Task:changethefollowingsentencesintosimpleones.Hegotupearlysoastocatchtheearlybus.Sam’scomingtoschoollatemadehisteacherquiteangryMotherinsistedonmybrother’sgoingtocollegeThestoneistooheavyformetoliftTomisoldenoughtogetmarried.YouarenotsooldasnottoworkHavingbeentoldseveraltimes,……Beingyoung,heknowsalot. 达标测试50题1.BecauseofmypoorEnglish,I’mafraidIcan’tmakemyself______.understandB,understoodC.tounderstandD.understanding2.Wouldyoubesokind______mewiththesuitcases?ashelptoB,tohelpC,astohelpD.askindasto3.Thisbookcannothelp_______thequestionA,tounderstandB,understandingC,understoodD,tounderstanding4.Thisbookis______.worthtobereadB,worthbeingreadC,worthyreadingD,worthyofbeingread5.Thesquirrelwasluckyenoughtomiss________.beingcaughtB,catchingC.tobecaughtD.caught6.Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestions_________.beingturneddownB,turneddownC,tobeturneddownD.toturndown7.Iwassurprisedtoseesomanypeople______atthebackoftheroomA.seatingB.toseatC.seatD.seated1.B;2.C;3.A;4.D;5.A;6.B;7.D 8.I’llneverregret_____evenifitmightupsetme.tellinghimwhatIthoughtB,totellhimwhatIthoughttohavetoldhimthatIthoughtD.tellingwhatIthought9.Doyouknowtheman_______underthatbigtree?lyingB,layingC.lainD.lay10.Therewasaterriblenoise________thesuddenburstoflight.followedB.tofollowC.tobefollowedD.following11.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident______losehisjob.notsoastoB.sonotastoC.soasnottoD.soastonot12.IcanhardlyimaginePeter____acrosstheAtlanticinfivedays.sailB.sailingC.tosailD.tohavesailed13.Chenqiwasmade_____inthecountrysideasapunishment.A,livingB,liveC,toliveD.tobewashing14._______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.NotreceivingB.ReceivingC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived15.“Thereseemedtobenopoint____Englishwellforbeingdisabled”Tomthought.A.learnB.inlearningC.withlearningD.tolearn8,A;9,A;10,D;11,C;12.B;13.C;14,C;15,B; 16._____readingandlistening,andyou’llbetteryourspokenEnglish.PractiseB.TopractiseC.PractisingD.Havingpractised17._____someofthisjuice,perhapsyou’lllikeitTryingB,TryC,TotryD.Havetried18._____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose19._____people’shousingconditions,thegovernmenthasdonealot.ToimprovingB.ChangeC.TomakebetterD.Doingbetter20._____thepoemasecondtime,themeaningwillbecomeclearerYourhavingreadB.WhilereadingC.IfreadingD.Whenyouread21._____atthedoorbeforeenteringplease.KnockB.KnockingC.ToknockD.Kocked22._____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept23._____in1636,HarvardisoneofthefamousuniversitiesintheUS.AsfoundedB,BeingfoundedC.ItwasfoundedD.Founded24._____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A,HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered16,A;17,B;18,C;19,C;20,D;21,A;22,A;23,D;24,A 25.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_______thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefthethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught26.Petersatunderatreeandseeinghisteacher,_____upinnotime.standingB.stoodC,standD.wasstanding27.Theprofessordippedafingerintothemixture,tookitoutandthensuckedit,______ratherpleased.lookedB,tolookC.lookingD.havinglooked28.Thestudent______inthefrontrolllistenedattentively.A,seatB,toseatC,seatingD,seated29.Theoldworker,____inthefactoryfor20years,retiredyesterdayA,havingworkedB,hadworkedC.workedD.tohaveworked30.Themodernbuilding______willbeusedasacitylibrary.havingalreadycompletedB.alreadycompletedhavingbeenalreadycompletedC.beingcompleting31.Thebirdfluisbelieved________byfowls.tobeinfectedB.infectingC.toinfectD.havinginfected25,C;26,B;27,C;28,D;29,A;30,B;31,A 32.Icouldn’tdomyworkwithallthatnoise___________.goingonB.wentonC.goesonD.togoon33.Theyaregoingtogetthroughanotherhardyearwithsomanydifficulties_______.settledB,tobesettlingC.tosettleD.tohavesettled34.______comfortablyinhisarmchair,theoldmanenjoyedthelightmusicfromtheradiowithhiseyeshalf______.Seating,closedB.Seated,closedC.Sitting,closingD.sat,closed35.Iglancedoverather,_____thatshewasverytinybutseemedwellputtogether.A.noticingB.noticedC.havingnoticedD.tonotice36.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulesbynow.You’vehadit______oftenenough.explainingB.explainC.tobeexplainedD.explained37.Ireallycan’tunderstand_______herliethat.youtreatB.youtreatingC.whytreatD.youtotreat38.Idon’twant_____likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded32,A;33,C;34,B;35,A;36.D;37,B;38,A 39.Unless_____tospeak,youshouldremainsilenceattheconferenceinvitedB.invitingC.beinginvitingD.havinginvited40.When_____,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.completedB,tobecompletedC.beingcompletedD.completing41.Though____money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtocollege.lackB.lackingofC.lackingD.lacked42._______tothesunfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed43.Friendshipislikemoney,easiermadethan________.keptB.tobekeptC.keepingD.beingkept44.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,________.A.doctorscametotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningwasgiventotourists45.WhilewatchingTV,_______.ThedoorbellrangB.weheardthedoorbellringsC.WeheardthedoorbellringD.thedoorbellrings39,A;40,A;41,C;42,B;43,A;44,B;45,C