高中英语语法要点易错点整理 15页

高考语法要点和易错点语法一====从句从句的做题思路======》判定是什么从句一、关于定语从句（前提：懂得判断是哪一种从句）1．修饰某一名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。2．连接词that/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why/asWhat/how><既起连接作用/有充当句子成分3．先行词n./pron---被定语从句修饰的根据先行词选择连接词物：which/that//whose人：who/whom/that/whose时间：when/which/that地点：where/which/thatReason:从句完整why/forwhich；从句不完整which/that/--Way:从句完整inwhich/that/--;从句不完整which/that/-Idon’tlikethewayyouspeaktoyourparents.Hefoundthewaywasreasonabletosolvetheproblem.答案：inwhich/that；which/that当先行词与连接词后面的名词n存在所属关系时（…的）物：whose+n.=ofwhich+the+n.=the+n.+ofwhich人：whose+n.=ofwhom+the+n.=the+n.+ofwhomTheroom,ofwhichthewindowfacessouthismine.Thegirl,whosefatherdiedisourmonitor.4．只能用that不能用which(重点前5种情况)（1）当先行词是不定代词，如all，everything，anything，nothing，much，few，little，none，theone等。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.（2）先行词被all,few，little，no，every等词修饰时。Thereisnodifficultythatwecan’tovercome.（3）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。ThisisthefirstletterthatI’vewritteninJapanese.（4）先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.（5）当先行词既有人又有物时。Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyhadvisited.（6）当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或连接词本身是从句的表语时。Chinaisn’tthecountrythatsheusedtobe50yearsago.（7）当主句是以who，which或what开头的特殊疑问句时。Whoisthemanthatiswaitingatthebusstop？5．永远不用that====介词/逗号之后6．当先行词是时间/地点时when/where/that/which/--When=介词+which=介词+时间Where=介词+which=介词+地点15 Which/that=时间/地点当从句完整时，用When/Where/介词+which当从句不完整时，用which/that/--e.g.Istillrememberthedaysthat/which/--wespentattheseasidelastsummer.Thisisthefactoryinwhich/wherehisparentsusedtowork.1.Thelibrary___studentsoftenstudywasonfirelastnight.2.Thelibrary,___wasbuiltinthe1930s,needsrepairing.3.Thelibrary____youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.4.I’llneverforgettheday_________wefirstmetinthepark.5.I’llneverforgetthetime_________Ispentoncampus.6.I’llneverforgetthetime_____wasspentwithyou.答案：where/inwhich；which/that；which/that；when/onwhich；that/which；_that/which7.as与which的比较：（1）在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句.如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用；如从句在主句之前，用as。Theyfailedintheexam，as/whichisnatural.Asisknowntoall，theearthmovesaroundthesun.（2）as“正如……，就像……”Which“这一点/这个/这件事”Heiscareless,whichcausedtheaccident.Heislateagain,as/whichweexpected.8.当先行词被thesame，such，so修饰时，Thisisthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.同一类…………………….that………………………同一个Thiswassodifficultaproblemaswecouldn’tworkout.（后面句子不完整）Thiswassodifficultaproblemthatwecouldn’tworkitout.（后面句子完整）Thiswassuchadifficultproblem…………9.另外，定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词的数相一致。如：①Mr.Jacksonistheonlyforeignerthatispresentattheparty.0②Heisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacher.解析：在句①中，先行词foreigner被only修饰，强调只有一个，所以从句中谓语动词用单数形式，而在句②中，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词thestudents为复数，所以从句谓语动词应为复数。感悟：学生之所以在这一点上经常出错，主要是对定语从句的理解不够深刻，分辨不出主句和从句，对句子成分的把握也不到位，搞不清关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当何种句子成分。所以要做好这一类题，要首先弄清关系代词和关系副词的用法，而且应善于分辨和分析句子结构及其相应成分，这样才能对症下药，快速准确地找到瓿之所在。二、名词性从句主语从句WhatIsayistrue宾语从句Hewon’tbelievewhatIsay.表语从句ThatiswhatIsaid.同位语从句ItoldthemthenewsthatRocketswonthegametoday.区别什么从句应看主句，主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，或者同位语从句。Ihaveforgottenwherewewentyesterday.15 Wherewewentyesterdayiscoveredwithallkindsofflowers.Oh!Thisiswherewecameyesterday.Thisistheplacewherewecameyesterday.Here,hemadethepromisethathewouldcomehere10yearslater.Iwillmakeamarkwherehemadethepromise.需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词;缺名词性成份时，指人用who/whom，指物用what;不缺意思和成份时用that。That只有在宾语从句中可以省略。1.___theOlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisknown.A.不填B.WheneverC.WhatD.When2.Thereisacommonbeliefamongthem___rubbishcanandshouldbeputtogooduse.A.whichB.ifC.whetherD.that3.He’sboughtacottagefor___heretires,withthemoneyhesaved.A.WhenB.whereC.whatD.which(哪一个、哪一些)答案DDA--ItisknowntoallthatTaiwanbelongstoChina.--DoyouthinkitpossiblethatwetakeoverTaiwan?--Ofcourse.It经常在句中当形式主语、宾语，代替真正的主语、宾语，以避免头重脚轻。Itisprettywellunderstood___controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandoutoftheatmospheretoday.A.ThatB.whenC.whatD.howWhydon’tyoubring___tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit?A.ThisB.whatC.thatD.it答案CD表“是否”时只用whether不用if:1.Whetherthepresidentwillcomeisnotknownyet.(主从)2.Theproblemiswhetherweneedit.（表从）3.Theproblemwhetherwewillbuildanotherschoolhasn’tbeensettled.（同位语从句）4.HewasworriedaboutwhetherhepassedtheEnglishexamination.（介词之后）5.Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.（whether…or/ornot）6.Idon’tknowwhethertogo.（动词不定式之前）区别：that引导的定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系，“……的名词”，而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表示事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。That在定语从句中必须作成分，可用which或who/whom代替，而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。如：①AlongwiththeletterwashispromisethathewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.15 ②Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmthatwevisitedthreemonthsago.解析：在句①中，that引导同位语从句解释说明promise的内容，that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，而在句②中，that在其引导的定语从句中作动词visited的宾语，对先行词thechickenfarm起修饰作用。感悟：学生之所以在这一点上容易出错，主要还是因为对定语从句的理解不够深刻，分辨不出that在从句中是否充当了句子成分，因此，还需在句子分析上下功夫，并且搞清何谓同位语从句。三、状语从句（主句完整，从句和主句之间不存在修饰关系的，一般就是状从）1.关于when/while/as都有“当…时”WhenIarrived,hehadalreadyleft.Maryaskedmetocareforherpetwhileshewasaway.（当…时）Asthesunsetinthewest,itbecamedarkeranddarker.Astimegoesby//astheeconomydevelopsWhen(正在这时)Beabouttodo….When…Bedoing…when…Hadjustdone…when…Beonthepointofdoing…when…whileHelikespopmusicwhileIamfondofclassicalmusic.(而)Maryaskedmetocareforherpetwhileshewasaway.（当…时）WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Ican’tagreewithyou.（虽然）asA.随着+句子astimewentbyastheeconomydevelopsB.像+句子Itlooksalittleuglyasitis.C.作为+短语treat/regard/consider/thinkof/lookon……as（把…作为…来对待）D.因为+句子because/since/forAsyouareSenior3students,youshouldsparenoeffort/painstostudy.E.正如/就像Asisknowntoall/weallknow,TaiwanbelongstoChina.Asanoldsayinggoes,it’snotuntiltheDragonBoatFestivalthatwecanputawaywarmclothes.15 1.关于since/before/untilItis/hasbeenseveralmonthssincewelastspenttheholidayinthecountrytogether.Itwastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.BeforeHeleftbeforeIcouldsay“thankyou”tohim.来不及ThreeyearspassedbeforeIknewit.才Itwon’tbelongbeforewehaveamonthlyexam.Itwillbetenyearsbeforewemeetagain.Itwastenyearsbeforetheymetagain.Until/till(主句谓语持续性)Not…until…(主句谓语短暂性)GeorgeworkedforIBMuntil/till2000.直到靠近，我才认出他。Untilhecameuptome,Irecognizedhim.（此句错误）==》Ididn’trecognizehimuntilhecameuptome.3.关于“一…就”Hardly…when…Nosooner…than…AssoonasThemoment/time/minute/second+句子Immediately/instantly/directly+句子Ondoing/名词Hardly(Nosooner)hadIgothomewhen(than)therainpoureddown.Themomentshesawtherobber,shescreamed.Instantlyhesawthedrowninggirl,hejumpedintotheriver.Uponarrival/Onarrival/Onarriving,Iwillpayavisittoyoufirst.4.Itis/was+时间点+when与强调句型的区别ItwasmidnightIfellasleep.A.whenB.thatC.whileD.becauseItwasatnoonwearrivedinthevillage.A.beforeB.whileC.whenD.that答案AD5.Unless如果不（除非）/if如果____________yougoallouttodothework,Idon"tthinkyoucanachieveyourgoalasplanned.A.UnlessB.EvenC.SinceD.TillHeneverspeaks_____heisspokento,forheisnotmuchofaspeaker.A.whenB.ifC.unlessD.until15 答案AC6.asif(though)似乎/仿佛/好像+真实/虚拟7.evenif/though即使8.incase/forfearthat以防/惟恐9.What/whatever/nomatterwhat;how/however/nomatterhowWhat(ever)+名词How(ever)+形容词/副词Whateverdifficultieswemeetwith,itisbesttofacethemandtrytosolvethem.Howeverlateitis,I’llwaitforyou.Nomatterhowbusyheis,heisreadytohelpothers.Nomatter+疑问词==引导状从疑问词+ever==引导名从/状从Whateveryousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.=Nomatterwhat（状语从句）Iwon’tbelievewhateveryousay.=anythingthat（宾语从句）Whoever/Nomatterwhocomes,don’tlethimin.（状语从句）Whoever/Anyonewholeaveslastshouldturnoffthelights.（主语从句）10.Where+句子（特别是引导地点状从和定从的区别）Ihaveforgottenwherewewentyesterday.Wherewewentyesterdayiscoveredwithallkindsofflowers.Oh!Thisiswherewecameyesterday.Thisistheplacewhere/inwhichwecameyesterday.Iwillmakeamarkwheretheteacheremphasizes.语法二====非谓语非谓语做题思路1．判断主被动2．判断时间（要发生/正在进行/已完成）非谓语与其逻辑主语（即动作的执行者或承受者）之间有三种关系，如为主谓关系，则用现在分词或不定式的主动式；如为被动关系则用过去分词、现在分词的被动（强调动作正在进行）或不定式的被动式（动作将进行）；如既无主动也无被动关系则只能用状语从句或独立主格结构（即非谓语加上自己的逻辑主语）。Judging/considering/genrallyspeaking/supposing指说话者的动作，故只用主动式。如：Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtimepassingtheexam.解析：从这个句子可以看出，句词的逻辑主语与句子的主语he一致，并且是主谓关系，所以用了现在的分词作状语，同时，分词的动作明显地发生在句子的谓语动词动作之前，故采用了现代分词的完成式。InordertoimproveEnglish,________.A.Jenny’sfatherboughtheralotoftapes.B.Jenny’sfatherboughtalotoftapesforherself.C.AlotoftapeswereboughtbyJenny.D.AlotoftapeswereboughtbyJennyfather.15 解析：根据不定式短语我们可以推知，句子的逻辑主语应该是人而不是物，所以，应该排除CD，再就是应该是Jenny提高自己的英语，而不是她爸爸，故答案先B.———，wedecidedtogooutforawalk.A.ItisfineB.ItfineC.BeingfineD.Itbeingfine解析：主句主语we与动词短语befine之间既无主动关系与无被动关系，所以要加上自己的逻辑主语It，由于不存在主、被动关系，故不能选C项，而应该选D项。————moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiving解析：give与主句的主语之间是被动关系，故选A.如为主动关系则选C.易出错的问题一般都是学生在学习中对知识理解不深刻或能力欠缺的地方，应及时纠错和建立“错题档案”，还应“借题发挥”，有意地把一些易错题予以归类，找出错误根源，总结规律。非谓语====不能做谓语的动词形式1Doing主动正在进行eg.Themanstandingthereismyteacher.2beingdone被动正在进行eg.Ithinkthebookbeingwrittenbyhimwillsellwell.3havingdone主动已经完成只能做状语eg.Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentouttoplay.4havingbeendone被动已经完成只能做状语egHavingbeentakencareofwell,theoldmanrecoveredsoon.5done被动已经完成fallenleaves(这里表完成，不表被动)6（onlyjust）todo主动将来7tobedoing主动正在进行8tobedone被动将来9tohavedone主动完成10（tohavebeen）done被动完成非谓语Havingdone所表达的动作在谓语动作之前完成，一般放句首做状语。非谓语doing所表达的动作发生和谓语动作几乎同时进行。Havingworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididn’ttakemuchnotice.Havingstudiedvolcanoesnowformanyyears,Iamstillamazedattheirbeautyaswellastheirpotentialtocausegreatdamage.Walkinginthewayofbackhome,suddenlyIsawastorecoveredwithsmoke.、不定式表意料之外的结果，现在分词表自然而然的结果。Ihurriedhome,onlytofindnobodyin.Hisparentsdiedearly,leavinghimalone.*onlytodo与doing作结果状语的用法“onlytodo”做结果状语表意料之外的结果，尤指不愉快的结果。“doing”做结果状语表示必然结果与主句之间含有逻辑上的因果关系。语法三====虚拟语气15 （一）if虚拟从句主句与现在相反be→weredo→didWould/should/could/might+V原与过去相反Be→hadbeendo→haddoneWould/should/could/might+havedone/been与将来相反1.Be→were;do→did2.wereto+V原3.shoulddoWould/should/could/might+V原注：1、ifIwereyou→WereIyouifIhadfinishedit→HadIfinisheditifitshouldrain→Shoulditrain2、句型==(要不是)Ifitwerenotfor….Would/should/could/might+do/be=WereitnotforIfithadnotbeenfor.…Would/should/could/might+havedone/beenHaditnotbeenforIfitwerenotfortheexpense,IwouldgotoItaly.Ifithadn’tbeenfortheexpense,IwouldhavegonetoItaly.I’vediscoveredIpossessalargenumberofdifferenttalentsandskillsthatIneverwouldhavethoughtwerewithinmehaditnotbeenformybeingopentotryingnewopportunities.3、Without/butfor==(要不是)Withoutyou,Iwouldn’thavegotfullmark.（二）、Ifonly/Wish+现在：be→weredo→didIfonly/Wish+过去：be→hadbeendo→haddoneIfonly/Wish+将来：could/should/would+doAsif/though也适用Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.Itseemsasifitweretorain.注：mayyou+V原(三)动词：Insist/suggest/advise/recommend/propose/order/command/demand/require/request/desire+(should)do注：动词对应的名词和句型也用（should）do表虚拟suggestion/order/adviceIt’ssuggested/orderedthat+（四）It’snecessary/important/vitalthat…(should)do(五)It’s(high/about)timethat…shoulddo/did(六)wouldrather+句子1、对现在/将来虚拟用did2、对过去虚拟用haddone15 虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的易错点。①ifmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.②ifyouhadstudiedhardatschool,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.句子①②都是虚拟语气在条件句中的使用，从句中都是假设过去的情况，所以用过去完成时，但在主句中，句①依然指代过去的情况，谓语动词是wouldhavedone，而②中含有一个表示现在的时间状语now,这样就必须将其理解为假设现在的情况，所以谓语动词必须为would/should/might+动词原形，学生在这一点上经常会忽略now的存在，从而按句①的形式填写答案。语法四====情态动词表猜测must只用于肯定句/表示很有把握的猜测/翻译成“肯定/一定”；can/could用于疑问句和否定句；may/might用于肯定句/表示没有把握的猜测/翻译成“可能也许”mustn’thavedone绝对错/是无效选项must必须，“不必”用needn’t/don’thavetomustn’t禁止/不准一、情态动词+do/be表示对现在行为或动作进行猜测You’vebeenworkingallday.Youmustbeverytired.---Someoneisknockingonthedoor.---Itcan’tbeLucy.She’sstillinthelibraryatthistime.二、情态动词+havedone/havebeen表示对过去行为或动作进行猜测a.musthavedone表示对过去某事的肯定猜测。其否定或疑问形式都用can(could)来表示.Sincetheroadiswet,itmusthaverainedlastnight.Hecan’thavemissedtheway.Idrewhimamap.“Thedictionaryhasdisappeared.Whocould/canhavetakenit?”b.may/mighthavedonemay/mighthavedone表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.Ican’tfindmykeys.Imay/mighthaveleftthemattheschoolyesterday.c.couldhavedone在肯定句型中,往往用作委婉的批评.本可以做什么,而没做;有时也用作猜测.Youcouldhavedoneitbetter.Tomcouldhavetakenthedictionary.d.oughtto/shouldhavedone和oughtnotto/shouldn’thavedone本该做而事实上没做本不该做而事实上做了e.needn’thavedone本不必做却做了Theusageof“shall”表征求(用在第一、三人称)Shallmydaughterdoyourshoppingforyou?表承诺(用在第二、三人称)15 HerfatherpromisedthatheshallbuyheracomputerifshepassedtheNationalCollegeEntranceExam.表命令（正式文件/场合）Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidatesshallremainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.IthasbeenannouncedthatallthestudentsshallputonmasksbeforegoingtoschoolincasetheyareinfectedwithSARSvirus.Youshallobeymyorders.Heshallleavethecountryatonce.Foreigncountriesshallnotinterfereinourinternalaffairs.Itshallsnowtonight.(表警告)语法五====动词的时态和语态一、英语动词谓语形式-----包括时态和语态状态时间过去现在将来过去将来一般一般过去一般现在一般将来一般过去将来进行过去进行现在进行将来进行过去将来进行完成过去完成现在完成将来完成过去将来完成完成进行现在完成进行共16种时态，高中掌握11种。一般现在时do/does;am/is/are一般过去时did;was/were一般将来时willdo;am/is/aregoingtodo过去将来时woulddo;was/weregoingtodo现在进行时am/is/aredoing过去进行时was/weredoing将来进行时willbedoing现在完成时have/hasdone/been过去完成时haddone/been将来完成时willhavedone/been现在完成进行时Have/hasbeendoing过去完成进行时Hadbeendoing将来完成进行时Willhavebeendoing二、解题技巧：1、找出题目中的相关动词，对它们的时态进行比较，注意各个动作发生的先后顺序。2、记忆固定用法，比如：sofar,inthepastfewyear,for+时间段，Uptonow等用现在完成时。By+now=现在完成时By+过去时间=过去完成时By+将来时间=将来完成时Bytheendof+过去时间lastmonth=过去完成时Bytheendof+将来时间thismonth=将来完成时Bythetime(从句一般现在时)===主句将来完成时Bythetime(从句一般过去时)===主句过去完成时Bythetimehearrives,wewillalreadyhaveleftXiamen.Bythetimehearrived,wehadalreadyleftXiamen.15 3、固定用法并不是绝对的，关键是看语境强调的重点是什么。Petersaid,“IwenttoXiamentwodaysago/yesterday.”PetersaidthathehadgonetoXiamentwodaysbefore/thedaybefore.4、熟记固定公式。This/Itisthefirsttime(that)Ihavecomehere.It/Thiswasthethirdtime(that)hehadmadethesamemistake.Itis/hasbeenseveralmonthssincewelastspenttheholidayinthecountrytogether.Itwastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.Iwasabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.TheywerereadingwhenTomshoutedinpain.Hardly(Nosooner)hadIgothomewhen(than)therainpoureddown.Itwon’tbelongbeforehesucceeds.Itwastenyearsbeforetheymetagain.三、一般过去时与现在完成时(P1)29.----IhopeIcanseeyouatmybirthdayparty.----Oh,dear,I______.Whenisit?A.almostforgotB.hadalmostforgottenC.willalmostforgetD.havealmostforgottenA.----Howcanyouborrowmycomputerwithoutmypermission?-----Oh.Iforgottotellyou（过去忘记现在已想起）.Ihopeyoudon’tmind.haveforgotten（到现在还忘记）“现在”指的是说话的那一瞬间。B.----Iwonderwhathasbecomeofyourcompany?-----Haven’tyouheardaboutit（到现在还没听说）?Itisasgoodasruinedbecauseofbadmanagement.Didn’tyouhearaboutit?（过去没听说现在已听说）C.----I’msorry,butthere’snosmokingonthisflight.-----Oh,Ididn’tknowthat.Sorry,Iwon’tagain.Haven’tknown四、havebeendoing强调一直在进行而且还会持续下去bealwaysdoing含贬义Ithasbeenrainingforseveraldays,completelyruining（毁灭）ourholidays.Youarealwaystalkingwithyourmouthfull.Can’tyougetridofyourbadhabit?五、一般将来时的几种表示法。----Henry,thephoneisringing.Doyouwantmetogo?15 ----No,sitstill.______.A.I’llgetitB.IamtogetitC.I’mgettingitD.Iamabouttogetit1．Willdo（1、2、3人称）Shalldo（第一人称）Youwillfeelbetteraftertakingthismedicine.Weshallknowtheresultnextweek.2．begoingtodo(打算做某事)Howlongishegoingtostayhere?He’sgoingtobeadoctorwhenhegrowsup.（另：表示预见，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生某种情况）Look!It’sgoingtorain.Goodheavens!Imusthurry.I’mgoingtobelate.Begoingtodo表示的意图通常是事先经过考虑的，而Willdo所表示的意图，则是说话时刻临时想到的。3．bedoing（现在进行时表将来，表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用动词go,come,leave,start,arrive等）WeareleavingonFriday.ThePresidentiscomingtotheUNthisweek.Heiswritingtoyoutomorrow.4．betodo1）表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。Wherearetostaytonight?There’stobeaninvestigation.TheQueenistovisitJapannextyear.2）表“应该”Youaretoblame.Tellhershe’snottocomebacklate.3）beabouttodo立即、即将做某事，不与时间状语连用Shewasabouttoleavewhenitrainedheavily.Tonywaswalkingonthestreetwhenhenoticedsomeonefollowinghim.5．一般现在时表将来1)常见于条件/时间状语从句。Ifshecomes,shewillgetasurprise.Itwon’tbelongbeforetherainstops.Waitheretillthemeetingisover.2）按时间表或既定日程一定会发生的事。Thetrainleavesat7:30thisevening.Thetermstartson1stSeptember.TomorrowisSaturday.15 语法六====Grammar省略Ellipse1)省略主语+be状语从句+主从句主语一致+从句中含有be动词While(weare)developingtheeconomy,weshouldprotecttheenvironment.Youmustbecarefulwhen(youare)crossingthestreet.When(shewas)toldofthenews,shegotveryexcited.Once(itis)seen,itcanneverbeforgotten.If(youare)bittenbyasnake,youshouldsendforhelpanddon’twalk.Iwillnotgoevenif(Iam)invited.Youshouldn’tkeepsilentwhen(youare)spokento.Though(hewas)exhausted,hestayeduplate.Shehurriedoutoftheroom,asif(shewas)angry.2)省略itis/wasIfpossible/ifnecessary//ifso//ifnot//whennecessary3)不定式to之后的省略Wedonotvisitmyparentsasmuchasweoughtto(visitmyparents).Idon’tlikecoffee,butIusedto(likecoffee).Be/have不能省略的情况：Myhometownisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.---Whydidn’tyoucometothemeeting?---Iwouldhave(come),butIgotaterriblestomachache.IfIhadn’tgotaterriblestomachache,Iwouldhavecome.4)Thefirefightersdidall(that)theycould(do)toputoutthefire.……………….didwhattheycouldtoputoutthefire.Theboydidwhathecouldtohelpsupporthisfamily.Theboydidall(that)hecould(do)tohelpsupporthisfamily.尽力/竭尽所能语法七====Grammar反意疑问句1．动词think/believe/suppose/guess主语第一人称时，依从句I/Wethinkheshouldhavearest,shouldn’the?I/wedon’tthinktheyareright,arethey?主语第二、三人称时，依主句Hebelievesthatnothingisimpossible,doesn’the?Youdon’tbelievethathedaregotherebyhimself,doyou?2．情态动词must/can/could/may/might表猜测时，不依情态动词Hemustbeathomenow,isn’the?Hemusthaveknownit,hasn’the?Hemusthaveknownityesterday,didn’the?15 3．祈使句---Pleasebequiet,willyou?---Yes,Iwill.//No,Iwon’t.---Don’tbelateagain,willyou?---Yes,Iwill.//No,Iwon’t.Let’ssingtogether,shallwe?Letusgo,willyou?4．前否后肯---HewenttoXiamenyesterday,didn’the?---Yes,hedid.//No,hedidn’t.---Hedidn’tgotoXiamenyesterday,didhe?---Yes,hedid.//No,hedidn’t.语法八===代词it、one、that的用法与区别.One泛指，指代前面提到的那类人或物，用于指代可数名词，相当于a+名词单数，其复数形式ones前一般要有定语，否则就要用some.That（those复数）即可指代不可数名词，表特指，相当于the+名词，后面经常与介词修饰语连用。It指代上文出现的名词，表示同类同物，另外还可表示时间、距离、天气、还可指代人称代词，表示性别身份不明，可作形式主语，形式宾语，引导强调句式以及一些固定搭配，如：getit,catchit,makeit.例如：①Ihavelostmywatch.IthinkImustbuyone.我丢了只表，我想我必须再买一只。（代指上文指到的同类事物，但不指同一个）②Whereismypen?Haveyouseenit?我的钢笔不知弄到哪去了，你见了吗？（代指上文提到的同一事物）③ThelandofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.④Tomehasaredpenandablueone（或twoblueones）⑤Hehasnochild,andhewantstoadoptone（或some）语法九====倒装一、完全倒装==主谓颠倒（1/2点重点掌握）1、用于“here(there,now,then)+不及物动词+主语”的句型中，或以up，down,out,in,away,off等副词开头的句子里，以表示强调。常用的不及物动词有come,go,lie,live,stand,seem,remain等，此结构不用进行时态。另注意：代词做主语时，主谓语序不变。2、当句首状语为表地点的介词词组时。Totheeastofthecityis/liesariver.3、表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。分三类：形容词+连系动词+主语过去分词/现在分词+连系动词+主语介词短语+连系动词+主语Growingatthetopofthemountainarevarietiesofwildflowers.4、为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或为了使了使上下文紧密相接时。15 二、部分倒装==改为一般疑问语序1、用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句。WereIyouHadIworkedharderlastyear2、用于as(though)引导的让步状语从句。虽然+句子（倒装）=thougha.表语提前Youngasheis,hespeaksEnglishfluently.Childasheis,heknowsalot.Thoughheisachild,b.副词提前Muchashelikesher,hedarenottellher.c.动词提前Tryasshemay,shestillcouldn’tconvinceherparentsthatshewasmoresuitableforalawyerthanateacher.d.补语提前Pleasantastheymadeittotravel,wefelttiredafterthelongjourney.Thoughtheymadeitpleasanttotravel,3、用于nosooner…than,hardly…when和notuntil等句型中。4、用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,barely,little,bynomeans,atnotime,notonly,innoway等否定词开头的句子中，或manyatime,often,notonce等表示数的时间副词放在句首加强语气。5、用于only开头的句子（only放在句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句）。Only+副词或介词短词或状语从句+助动词或be+主语如果only后面的词组不是状语，则不用倒装。6、当“so(such)…that”结构中，==So/Such+adj/adv/n.+半倒装+that后句子语序不变。总结：1、前五种语法即为高考核心语法，掌握了前五种就掌握了80%。希望考生不仅会做单选题，更重要的是学会分析阅读中的长难句，为阅读和书面表达赠分。2、倒装句等等，希望考生能用于书面表达。书面表达的要求：长短句相结合，句式多变（定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句是一定要用的，同位语从句和倒装句根据自身情况选择）；结构紧密，符合逻辑（就是所谓的连接词的运用）；最重要的也是最基本的是不要出现单词拼写错误和显而易见的语法错误。15