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人生若没有一段想起来就热泪盈眶的奋斗史,那这一生就白活了。——共勉英语复习提纲要点第一部分英语四种时态归纳复习时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容,大家在实际运用时,往往对时态总是倍感棘手,下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。一、一般现在时:概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语:always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,etc.基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词(如果主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don"t,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn"t,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。基本用法1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作;表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用often,usually,everyday等时间状语。例如:a.Hegoestoschooleveryday.b.Heisveryhappy.c.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.2)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。例如:a.Ifyoucomethisafternoon,we’llhaveameeting.b.WhenIgraduate,I’llgotocountryside.3)有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作(句中都带有时间状语),但限于少数动词,如:begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close等。例如:a.Themeetingbeginsatseven.b.Therainstartsatnineinthemorning.二、一般过去时:概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语:ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek/year,/night,/month…,in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.基本结构:①be动词的过去式;②行为动词的过去式否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn"t,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。三、现在进行时:概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语:now,atthistime,thesedays,etc.(look!Listen!)基本结构:am/is/are+doing否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。基本用法:26
a.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如:Wearewaitingforyou.我们正在等你。b.习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)c.表示渐变,这样的动词有:get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。例如:Theleavesareturningred.叶子在变红。It"sgettingwarmerandwarmer.天越来越热了。d.与always,forever等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如:Youarealwayschangingyourmind.你老是改变主意。不用进行时的动词1)表示心理状态的动词,如know,realize,think,see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate等。例如:Ineedyourhelp.我需要你的帮助。Helovesherverymuch.他爱她很深。2)瞬间动词,如accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse等。例如:Iacceptyouradvice.我接受你的劝告。3)系动词,如seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn等。例如:Youseemalittletired.你看上去有点累。四、一般将来时:概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语:tomorrow,nextday/week/month/year…,soon,inafewminutes,by…,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.基本结构:①am/is/aregoingto+V原;②will/shall+V原.否定形式:①am/is/arenotgoingto+V原;②will/shall+not+V原一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。基本用法1)shall用于第一人称,常被will所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如:WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst?我先读哪一段呢?Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?今晚七点回家好吗?2)begoingto+V原,表示将来。a.主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天打算作什么呢?b.计划,安排要发生的事。例如:Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。这出戏下月开播。c.有迹象要发生的事。例如:Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那乌云,快要下雨了。26
英语时态综合练习(一)一般现在时一.用词的适当形式填空。1.MissGuo______(teach)usChinesethisterm.She______(be)averygoodteacher.Sheoften______(talk)withusafterclass.Manyofuslike______(talk)withher.2.Where______theirfather______(work)?He______(work)onafarm.3.Whattime______theshop______(close)?It_____(close)atnineo"clockintheevening.4.He______(go)toschoolbybuseveryday.5.Tomcannotwalkfastbecausehe______(carry)aheavybox.6.Sheoften______(read)Englishintheevening.7.She____(go)toschoolateighto’clock.8.Heusually_____upat17:00.(get)9.She____(live)inBeijing.二、句型转换:1.Iliketheredsofa.(变否定句)2.Shehasanicecap.(变一般疑问句,并做肯定及否定回答)3.Iamabusdriver.(变一般疑问句并做肯定回答)4.Theyplayfootballinthegardeneveryday.(变成否定句)5.Thereisanegginthebasket.(变成复数形式的句子)(二)一般过去时一.将下列动词变成过去式。look_______watch_______like______hope______decide______plan______stop_______carry______study______play______stay______let______put_______read_______catch_____teach_____buy______bring______think______sit_____write______drive_______ring______sink______run______give_______win_______know______grow______throw_______draw_____show_____26
feel______sleep_______keep_____sweep_____meet_______二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.I_______________(buy)anewdictionarythedaybeforeyesterday.2.—Whatday_____________(be)ityesterday?—It______________(be)Friday.3.He______________(be)herehalfanhourago.4.Weoften____________(play)gameslastterm.5.She_____________(give)meabookamomentago.6.Thegirl___________(get)upveryearlythismorning.7.They____________(take)photosneartheriveranhourago.8.He____________(notwatch)TVyesterdayevening.9.—Why___________(be)theboylateforschool? —Becausehe_________(be)ill.10.Mr.Green_________(come)tovisitmelastnight.11.Theteacher___________(agree)toourideayesterday.12.They___________(make)himworktwelvehoursadaylastyear.13.I___________(see)himinthelibrarytwodaysago.14.She_________(write)heraddressontheblackboardtenminutesago.三、按要求改写下列各句。1.Iwasathomethismorning.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答) 2.Hedidmorningexercisesinthemorning.(改为否定句) 3.Theyhadabigdinneryesterday.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答) 4.IwenttoseemyunclelastSunday.(改为否定句)四、选择填空。1.—WhatdidyourfatherdowhenhewasinEngland?—He_________inacarfactory.A.workB.workedC.isworkingD.willwork2.—______he_______atthisschoollastterm?—Yes,Ithinkso.26
A.Did;study B.Does;studyC.Was;study D.Did;studied3.—Whocleanedtheblackboardyesterday,Dick?—John_____. .A.cleanedB.doesC.didD.is4.There______alotofpeopleatthestreetcornerwhentheaccident(事故)happened(发生).A.was B.wereC.havebeen D.had5.Heturnedoffthelightsandthen______ .A.leaves B.leftC.willleave D.isleaving6.—Hi,Kate.Youlooktired.What"sthematter?—I________welllastnight.A.didn"tsleep B.don"tsleep C.haven"tslept D.won"tsleep7.Jennywentintotheroom,tookoffhiscoatand______downonasofa.A.wouldsit B.wassittingC.sat D.hadsat8.Everyone_______therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.was B.isC.are D.Were9.----Yourphonenumberagain?I___quitecatchit.----It"s69568442.A.didn"tB.couldn"tC.don"tD.can"t(三)现在进行时一、用现在进行时完成下列句子:1.What_________you__________(do)?2.I_____________(sing)anEnglishsong.3.What________he____________(mend)?4.He______________(mend)acar.5.______you__________(fly)akite?Yes,_______.6.______she___________(sit)intheboat?7.______you_____________(ask)questions?8.We_______________(play)gamesnow.二、单项选择()1.我在照看孩子.(A)Iamlookingafterthebaby.(B)I"mlookafteringthebaby.(C)Ilookamafteringthebaby.(D)Ilookingafterthebaby.()2._____friend"smaking______akite.26
(A)I,me(B)My,my(C)My,me(D)His,his()3.Isthewoman______yellowyourteacher?(A)in(B)puttingon(C)wearing(D)having()4.Look!Thetwins_____theirmotherdothehousework.(A)arewanting(B)help(C)arehelping(D)arelooking()5._____arethebirdsdoing?Theyaresinginginatree.(A)Who(B)What(C)How(D)Where ()6.Isshe____something?(A)eat(B)eating(C)eatting(D)eats()7.你在干什么?(A)Whatisyoudoing?(B)Whatareyoudo?(C)Whatareyoudoing?(D)Whatdoyoudo?()8.Whatareyoulistening_____?(A)/(B)for(C)at(D)to()9.我正在听他说话.(A)Ilisteningtohim.(B)I"mlisteningtohim.(C)I"mlistentohim.(D)I"mlisteninghim.()10.Theyare_____theirclothes.(A)making(B)putting(C)putaway(D)puttingon()11.Listen!She____intheclassroom.(A)issinging(B)sing(C)tosing(D)issing()12.TodayJim______hiswhiteshirtandbrowntrousers.(A)isputtingon(B)wear(C)puton(D)iswearing()13.______areyoueating?I"meating______meat.(A)What,some(B)Which,any(C)Where,not(D)What,a()14.They______TVintheevening.Theydotheirhomework.(A)arewatching(B)can"twatching(C)don"twatch(D)don"twatching()15.Thechildren_____football.(A)isplaying(B)areplaying(C)playthe(D)playa()16.Theyareflyingkites.(A)他们喜欢放风筝.(B)他们在放风筝吗?(C)他们在放风筝.(D)他们常放风筝.()17.Look,Theyareswimmingintheriver.Iwant_____you.(A)togowith(B)gowith(C)helping(D)help()18.Look.Lucyis_____anewbiketoday.(A)jumping(B)running(C)riding(D)taking26
(四)一般将来时()1.Herhope_______the2008OlympicGames.A.totakepartinB.istotakepartinC.takingpartinD.willtakepartin()2.---CanIgotoBeijingformyholiday,Dad?---Youcanwhenyou_______abitolder.A.willgetB.getC.aregettingD.got()3.Ifhe_______harder,hewillcatchupwithussoon.A.studyB.studiesC.willstudyD.studied()4.---Don‘tforgettoaskhimtowritetome.---Iwon‘t.Assoonashe_______,I‘llaskhimtowritetoyou.A.willcomeB.cameC.comesD.iscoming()5.---Jimmyisleavingforaholiday.---Really?Where_______he_______?A.has;goneB.will;goC.did;goD.would;go()6.Frank_______toseehisgrandmaifhe_______freetomorrow.A.willcome;willbeB.comes;isC.willcome;isD.comes;willbe()7.There_______atalkonscienceinourschoolnextMonday.A.willgiveB.willbeC.isgoingtogiveD.is()8.---Shallwegoshoppingnow?---Sorry,Ican‘t.I_______myshirts.A.washB.washesC.washedD.amwashing()9.Ibelievethatthosemountains_______withtreesinafewyears‘time.A.arecoveredB.willbecoveredC.arecoveringD.willcover()10.Itissaidthatabout400cars_______inthefactorynextmonth.A.wereproducedB.willproduceC.areproducedD.willbeproduced()11.---Areyoufreethisafternoon?---No.I‘llhaveanEnglishcomposition_______thisafternoon.A.towriteB.wroteC.tobewritingD.tobewritten()12.---Comebackhomeeverymonth.---I_______.A.willB.mustC.shouldD.can()13.Arobot_______thinkofitself;it_______betoldwhattodo.A.can‘t;mustB.couldn‘t;canC.maynot;willD.mustn‘t,may26
第二部分形容词副词的比较级(形容词比较级的基本用法参看课本P114Grammar)一.比较级和最高级的构成:1.规则变化:①一般在词尾加-er-est例如:calm--calmer--calmesttall--taller--tallestsmart--smarter--smartest②以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加-r-st例如:nice--nicer--nicestfine--finer--finestlarge--larger--largest③以辅音+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er/-est例如:early--earlier--earliesthappy---happier--happiestbusy--busier--busiest④以重读闭音节单个辅音字母结尾的词,双写辅音字母,再加-er/-est例如:big--bigger--biggestthin--thinner--thinnesthot--hotter--hottestfat--fatter--fattest⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more/most例如:popular--morepopular--mostpopularimportant--moreimportant--mostimportant2.不规则变化:(重点记忆)好good/well——better——best坏bad/badly/ill——worse——worst多many/much——more——most少little——less——least老old——older/elder——oldest/eldest远far——farther/further——farthest/furthest★注意friendly的比较级和最高级有两个:friendly—friendlier/morefriendly—friendliest/mostfriendly二.比较级的用法:当两个人或事物(A和B)进行比较时,我们需要用到形容词(副词)的原级或者比较级。1.原级比较:表达A和B(的情况)一样(1)thesame…as(P20:1b&P21:2b)公式:A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as+BIamthesametallasyou./Hisdreamisthesameasmine.A+实义动词+as+副词原级+as+BHerunsthesamefastasI./ThisisthesametoolasIusedyesterday.(2)as…as(=thesame…as)(P18:2b&P19:G.F./3a)公式:A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as+BIamastallasyou.A+动词+as+副词原级+as…+BHerunsasfastasI.★注意:“A不如B”用notas/so…as的结构。公式:A+be动词的否定形式+as/so+形容词原级+as+BIamnotas/sotallasyou.A+助动词的否定形式+动词原形+as+副词+as+BHedoesn’trunasfastasI.造句:Jim唱的和Tom一样好。________________________________________________(thesame…as)Jim唱的和Tom一样好。________________________________________________(as…as)Jim唱的不如Tom好。________________________________________________(3)运用原级时要注意的问题:aslongas①和......一样长;②长达……之久;③只要;④既然找出aslongas对应的意思,标出序号:Ittookhimaslongas6hourstodohishomework._________26
Myropeisaslongasyours._________Aslongasyouaregoing,I"llgotoo.__________Aslongasyoutelltruth,I’lltrytohelpyou._________另外:请说明课本P21:2b部分第一篇文章最后一句中aslongas的意思:__________________2.比较级:表达A比B…(1)表示“A比B更…”:adj.比较级+than…e.g.Iamtallerthanyou.(单音节)e.g.YouaremorebeautifulthanTina.(多音节)(2)表示“两个当中较……的一个”:the +adj.比较级…of 范围(the two/thetwins)[注意of后面的范围!]e.g.Tomisthe taller of the two.(单音节)e.g.Tinaisthe morebeautiful of the twins.(多音节)(3)表示“越来越……”:adj.比较级+and+adj.比较级。 e.g.It is getting warmer and warmer.(单音节)e.g.Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.(多音节)(4)表示“越……,就越……”:The+adj.比较级…,the+ adj.比较级…e.g.Thebigger,thebetter.越大越好。(单音节)The more,the better.越多越好/多多益善。e.g.The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心,犯错就越少。(多音节)3.运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题:(1)比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语,意思是“更…”,“…得…”。常见词有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。(P21:2b)e.g.He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。 I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一点点。Hegetsevenworsethanyesterday.他(的病情)比昨天更糟。(2)特殊用法:比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等。e.g.Iamtwoyearsolderthanhe.我比他大两岁。Thisbuildingis20metershigherthanthatone.(3)按语法规则,than后面的人称代词应当用主格,但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。 e.g.He is more careful than I (me).(4)要注意比较对象的一致性:只有同类的事物才能进行比较 。判断:A: Her bag is bigger than mine. ()Her bag is bigger than I. ()B:The weather in Jilin is much colder than that in Hainan.()The weather in Jilin is much colder than Hainan.()(5)要注意比较的范围判断:A: Jackistallerthananystudentsinhisclass. () Jackistallerthananyotherstudentsinhisclass. ()B:JackisinClass1.JackistallerthananystudentsinClass2.()JackistallerthananyotherstudentsinClass2.()填空Chinaislargerthan_____________countryinAsia.Chinaislargerthan_____________countryinEurope.26
针对性训练1.That boy looks as _________ as a boxer.A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. more strong2.The Summer Palace is________ than Zhong Shan park.A. biger B. more big C. the biggest D. bigger3.Which do you like__________ , apples or oranges?A. good B. better C. best D. well4.--Oh, the food is bad. --I think so .And the service(服务) is __________. A.the worst B. worse C. badder D. the worse5.--You have the same coat as I. --No, Mine is __________ , but not so __________ as yours.A. better, expensive B. better, more expensive C. much better, more expensive D. good, more expensive6.The experts think that India’s population may be__________than China’s __________ 2020.A. much, by B. more, in C. larger, by D. larger, on7.This year our school is __________ than it was last year.A. much beautiful B. the most beautiful C. beautifuler D. much more beautiful8.__________ you work, __________ knowledge you will get.A. The harder, more B. The harder, the more C. Harder, the more D. Harder, more9.He has__________ friends than I.A. much more B. many more C. very more D. too more10.She draws better than__________ .(P21:2b)A. us all B. we all C. all us D. all we11.Shanghai is larger than__________ city in China. A. any B. any other C. the others D. any else12.I’m not sure whether Mary can sing __________ Anna.A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as 形容词副词的最高级(形容词、副词最高级的基本用法参看课本P114-115Grammar)一.最高级的构成规则(略):【参见之前比较级的构成规则】二.最高级的用法:当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时,我们需要用到形容词(副词)的最高级最高级的常用句型:1.the+形容词(副词)的最高级:表达“…是…中最…的”。后可加表范围的介词短语或从句。公式:主语+be动词+the +形容词最高级+(名词)+表示范围的介词短语或从句主语+实义动词+(the) +副词最高级+表示范围的介词短语或从句E.g.He is the tallest (student) in our class. He jumps the highest of the three boys.26
This is the best book that I have ever read.2.one of +the +最高级+复数名词:表示“最…的…中一个”。E.g.He is one of the best students in our class.他是我们班最好的学生之一。This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.这是花园里最漂亮的花之。3.the+序数词+形容词最高级+单数名词:表示“第几大/高/长…”。E.g.HuangheisthesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国第二长河。4.(特殊疑问词+be)+the+最高级,A,BorC?用于三选一的选择疑问句。E.g.Whichisthebiggest,thesun,themoonortheearth?太阳、月球和地球哪个最大?三.★最高级的注意事项1.形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the , 而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时,不能要定冠词the.2.常见的用来表示范围的介词有in, of, among 1) in表示环境范围,通常用于在一定范围内的比较,后常接表示区域、时间、单位、团体等的名词或代词,并且后面的名词和主语不是同一概念的范畴。E.g.The Changjiang River is the longest river in China. London is the biggest city in Britain. She sings the best in Class Two. The child was very young, but he wasn"t the youngest in the family. 2)of表示对象范围,一般用于同类事物间的比较,且of后的名词与主语是同一概念范畴。 A:ofthe+基数词(+名词复数)结构,指的是具体数目中,表示……个之中最。 ①Peter is the oldest boy of the three boys.②This is the smallest of the three. ③This is the shortest of the four roads. B:of all/of all+(the)+名词复数/of all+one"s+名词复数,表示其中之最。 ①Of all choices, this is the best.在各种办法之中,这种最好。 ②He"s the most intelligent of all the students. ③Of all my hobbies, swimming is my favorite. ④ They all spoke English badly, but Jack spoke the worst of them.3)of, among用于在多数同类事物中(通常为三者以上)进行比较,表示其中之最,后面一般接名词或代词。同of一样,也表示对象范围,因此among与of有时可互换使用。①Li Ming is the most handsome among(of) the boys. ②This book is the best among the modern novels.③The picture is the most beautiful among these.此外,among后面还可以接形容词的最高级,表示其中之一的含义。例句: ①London is among the largest cities in the world.②Hangzhou is among the most beautiful cities in China. 3.表示最高程度的形容词,如favorite/excellent/extreme/perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。4.形容词最高级前如果有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格、序数词等修饰时,不能再用定冠词the.E.g.Thisismymostbeautifulclothe.()Thisismythemostbeautifulclothe.()26
【针对性训练】1.Shu-howLinisnowoneof__________basketballplayersintheNBA.A.popularB.morepopularCthemostpopular2.Sheprefersfootballbecauseshethinksit"s___________amongallsports.A.interestingB.moreinterestingC.themostinteresting3.—Whichcityhas____________population,Beijing,GuiyangorLuoyang?—Luoyang,ofcourse.A.thelargestB.thesmallestC.themostD.theleast4.JayChouisoneofthe________singersinChina.A.famousB.morefamousC.mostfamous5.Wholistens______________,Tom,JackorBill?A.themostcarefullyB.morecarefullyC.themostcarefulD.morecareful6.—Todayisthe_____________dayinmylife,becauseIwonthefirstprizeinthecompetition.—Congratulation!A.happyB.happiestC.happierD.muchhappier7.一Whichisthe__________seasonofayear?一Summer.A.hotB.hotterC.hottestD.hotest8.Ofallthestudents,shelooks________________.A,thehappiestB.themosthappiestC.happierD.happy9.—Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike________,folkmusic,popmusicorclassicalmusic?—Classicalmusic.A.wellB.betterC.best10.Chinaisthethird_____________countryintheworldA.largeB.largestC.largerD.aslargeas11.Tomis_______________ofthethree.A.thefunnierB.funniestC.thefunniestD.themostfunny12.Sarais_____________inmyfamily.A.outgoingB.moreoutgoingC,mostoutgoingD.themostoutgoing13._________allthestudentsinhisclass,Maryistheshortest.A.InB.ForC.FromD.Of14.HongKongismorecrowdedthan___________________inSouthAmerica.A.anycityB.anyothercityC.othercitiesD.theothercities15.Whojumps____________inyourclass?A.higherB.thehighestC.tallerD.Tallest26
第三部分八年级非谓语动词一、只能加动词不定式(todo)做宾语wanttodosth想要做某事wouldliketodosth想要做某事 hopetodosth希望做某事decidetodosth决定做某事 seemtodosth似乎要做某事learntodosth学习做某事wishtodosth希望做某事plantodosth计划做某事 can’twaittodosth迫不及待地做某事usesthtodosth用某物做某事stayuplatetodosth熬夜做某事beafraidtodosth害怕做某事It’stimetodosth到做某事的时间了Itis+adj.+todosth做某事是怎样的thefirstmantodosth做某的事第一个人thelastmantodosth做某事的最后一个人besorry/happytodosth做某事很遗憾、高兴Itis+adj.+forsb+todosth.对某人来说做某事是怎样的Itis+adj.+ofsb+todosth.做某事的某人是怎样的Ittakessbsometimetodosth.做某事花费某人多长时间二、只能加动名词(doing)做宾语minddoingsth介意做某事finishdoingsth做完某事practicedoingsth练习做某事enjoydoingsth喜爱做某事keepondoingsth.反复做某事keepdoingsth不停地做某事imaginedoingsth.幻想做某事practicedoingsth.练习做某事spend…doingsth花时间或钱做某事suggestdoingsth建议做某事missdoingsth错过做某事,想念做某事bebusydoingsth忙于做某事feellikedoingsth想要做某事havetrouble(in)doingsth做某事很费劲/困难havefundoingsth做某事很愉快haveagoodtimedoingsth做某事很高兴haveproblemsdoingsth做某事很费劲/困难begoodatdoingsth擅长做某事介词+doingsth(afterdoingsth做某事后beforedoingsth做某事之前)godoingsth去做某事can’tstanddoingsth.不能忍受做某事bebadfordoingsth不利于做某事begoodfordoingsth有利于做某事beinterestedindoingsth对做某事感兴趣taketurnsdoingsth轮流做某事can’thelpdoingsth=can’tstopdoingsth情不自禁地做某事finddoingsth+adj.发现做某事是怎样的=findit+adj.+todosthlookforwardtodoingsth.盼望做某事beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事Thanksfordoingsth谢谢您做了某事takeupdoingsth.学着做某事(指消遣)26
三、只能加不定式(todo)做宾语补足语的tellsbtodosth告诉某人做某事tellsbnottodosth告诉某人不要做某事asksbtodosth要求某人做某事asksbnottodosth要求某人不要做某事wantsbtodosth想让某人做某事wantsbnottodosth想让某人不要做某事wouldlikesbtodosth想让某人做某事wouldlikesbnottodosth想让某人不要做某事wishsbtodosth希望某人做某事wishsbnottodosth希望某人不要做某事teachsbtodosth教某人做某事四、只能加动词原形(do)做宾语补足语的makesbdosth让某人做某事makesbnotdosth让某人不要做某事letsbdosth让某人做某事letsbnotdosth让某人不要做某事havesbdosth让某人做某事havesbnotdosth让某人不要做某事Whydon’tyoudosth?为什么不做某事呢?Whynotdosth?为什么不做某事呢?hadbetterdosth最好做某事=It’sbestforsbtodosthhadbetternotdosth最好不要做某事=It’sbestforsbnottodosthWillyoupleasedosth?请你做某事,好吗?五、加动词原形(do)和加动名词(doing)作宾语有区别的词seesbdosth看见某人经常或做过某事seesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事hearsbdosth听见某人经常或做过某事hearsbdoingsth听见某人正在做某事watchsbdosth观看某人经常或做过某事watchsbdoingsth观看某人正在做某事feelsbdosth感觉某人经常或做过某事feelsbdoingsth感觉某人正在做某事noticesbdosth留意到某人经常或做过某事noticesbdoingsth留意到某人正在做某事findsbdosth发现某人经常或做过某事findsbdoingsth发现某人正在做某事remembertodosth记得要做某事rememberdoingsth记得做过某事forgettodosth忘了要做某事forgetdoingsth忘了做过某事stoptodosth停下来去做某事stopdoingsth停止正在做的事情trytodosth努力做某事trydoingsth尝试做某事needtodosth需要做某事needdoingsth需要被做starttodosth=startdoingsth开始做某事begintodosth=startdoingsth开始做某事26
第四部分动词不定式动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词。它在句中起的是名词、形容词或副词的作用,可在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式的基本形式是“不定式符号to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。在句中不能单独作谓语,但仍保留动词的特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式同它的宾语和状语一起构成不定式短语。例如:tosellflowersinthestreet在街上卖花tospeakintheclassroom在教室里讲话巧记动词不定式的用法:不定式有标记,to与动原连一起。没有人称数变化,动词特点它具备。主宾定状表补语,唯独作谓不可以。not加上不定式,否定结构要牢记。疑问词与不定式,构成短语有意义。仔细推敲多思考,准确判断有依据。一、带to的不定式结构 1.我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want,ask,tell,hope,learn,try,decide,forget,remember,like,love,stop,go,come等。2.动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即nottodosth.例如:JimtoldmenottowakeupKate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特。二、不带to的不定式结构 以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式: 1.在固定词组wouldrather和hadbetter之后。注意:hadbetter的否定形式是hadbetternotdosth.。例如:Youhadbettergohomenow.你最好现在回家。 It"scoldoutside.You"dbetternotgoout.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。 2.使役动词let,make,have等使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如:Lethimgo!Imadethemgivemethemoneyback.我迫使他们把钱还给我。3.感官动词see,watch,lookat,hear,listento,smell,feel,find,notice等后作宾语补足语,省to。例如:Isawhimdance. 4.在引导疑问句的why/whynot之后。 "Whynot+不带to的不定式"是Whydon"tyoudo…的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。例如:Whynotgowithus?什么不和我们一起去呢?Whynottakeaholiday?=Whydon"tyoutakeaholiday?为什么不休个假呢?5.help可带to,也可不带to,helpsb(to)dosth6.由and,or和than连接的两个不定式,第二个to可以省去举例:Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.他什么都不想做除了出去。 HewantstomovetoFranceandmarrythegirl.他想搬去法国并娶那个女孩儿。典型例题----Iusuallygotherebytrain. ----Whynot___byboatforachange? A.totrygoing B. tryingtogo C. totryandgo D. trygoing 答案:D.whynot后面接不带to的不定式,因此选D。26
三、动词不定式作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多,多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。To teach English is my favorite.教英语是我的爱好。 It"s my pleasure to help you.很乐意帮助你。 HowtolearnEnglishwellisimportant.如何学好英语是重要的。动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面,而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。 1)It"s+adj.+forsb.todosth.常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible,important, possible, impossible,comfortable,necessary,better,thefirst,thenext,thelast,thebest,toomuch,toolittle,notenough等。It"ssonicetohearyourvoice. 听到你的声音真高兴。It"sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2)It"s+adj.+ofsb.todosth.的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right,brave,silly(笨的),selfish(自私的),selfless(无私的)等。It"sveryniceofyoutohelpme.你来帮助我,你真是太好了。拓展:for与of的辨别方法:用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for。如: Youarenice. (通顺,所以应用of)。 Heishard. (人是困难的,不通,因此应用for。)注意:1)其他系动词如,look,appear等也可用于此句型 2)不定式作为句子成分时,动词用单数形式。 3)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用Itis…to…的句型(对)Toseeistobelieve. 百闻不如一见。 (错)Itistobelievetosee.四、动词不定式作定语不定式作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。例如:Ihavenothingtosayonthisquestion.对这个问题我无可奉告。通常chance,place,time,way等名词后接不定式作定语。另外在thefirst,thesecond,thelast,theonly等词后,也常用不定式作定语。例如:Heneedstimetodohomework.他需要时间写作业。Shewantstoknowthebestwaytogetgoodgrades.她想知道得好成绩的最好方法。五、动词不定式作宾语1.用作宾语的动词不定式,常用在动词ask,choose,agree,expect,hope,decide,learn,prefer,know,wish,want,wouldlike,afford(付得起),agree,ask,decide,desire(渴望),fail,plan,prepare(准备),promise,refuse,(help)等及物动词之后,构成动宾短语。例如:WedecidedtotakethetraintoBeijing.我们决定坐火车去北京。 Hepreferstoeatrice.他更喜欢吃米饭。2.动词feel,find,make,think,believe等,在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语,只有用it作形式宾语,从而把动词不定式后置。句子结构是:主语+feel/find/make/...+it+adj./n.+todo...。例如:IfinditusefultolearnEnglishwell.我发现学好英语很有用。Wethoughtitwrongnottotellher.我们认为不告诉她是错误的。26
拓展:除动词不定式做宾语外,动名词和动词原形也能做宾语。3.既可接动词不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语,意思差别不大的动词有begin,start,like,love等。例如:ThenIstartedtowatchEnglish-languageTV.4.后接动词不定式或v-ing形式作宾语,意思差别较大的动词有forget,remember等。后接不定式作宾语,表动作尚未发生;后接v-ing形式作宾语,表动作已经发生。1、stoptodo停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事stopdoing 停止做某事 2、forgettodo忘记要去做某事forgetdoing忘记做过某事 3、remembertodo记得去做某事rememberdoing记得做过某事 4、trytodo努力做某事trydoing试着做某事 5、goontodo做了一件事后,接着做另一件事goondoing继续做原来做的事 6、meantodo打算去做某事meandoing意味着例如:WhenIlefthome,Ihadforgottentobringitwithme. Istoppedusingthemlastyear.5.后只接v-ing作宾语的一些常用特殊动词:giveup,enjoy,practice,finish,mind等。例如:Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow? 6.带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what,which,who或疑问副词how,when,where,why等。这种结构起名词的作用,在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等,或者单独使用。要注意的是,why后面的不定式不带to。后接“疑问词+todo”作宾语的一些常用特殊动词:decide,know,forget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,tell例如:Idon’tknowwhattodonext.(作宾语)Ican"tdecidewhichtobuy.我拿不定主意买哪一种。注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时,谓语动词用单数。Thequestionishowtorememberthisword.问题是怎样把这个单词记住。六、动词不定式作宾语补足语1.动词不定式作下列这些动词的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to不可以省略。动词主要有:要求允许提议警告(ask,advise),期望邀请鼓励(expect,invite),教导告诉想要(teach,tell,want),希望愿意(wish,wouldlike/love)。例如:Ilikeyoutokeepeverythingtidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。IwantyoutospeaktoTom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。2.作动词help的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to可以带,也可以不带。例如:Shehelpsme(to)cleantheclassroomquickly.七、动词不定式作状语 动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性,可在句中用作状语。1.目的状语,置于句首或句末,置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气,常与inorder或soas组成短语。例如:Hestoppedtohavearest.他停下来休息。Inordertohelphim,wewoulddoeverythingwecan.为了帮助他,我们愿意做我们能做的一切。2.原因状语,跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面。多见于“sb.+be+adj.+todo...”结构句中。例如:Iwasverysadtohearthenews.听到这个消息我很难过。3.结果状语,多见于“too...to太…以至于不能…”,“adj.+enoughtodosth....足够怎么样去做某事”结构句中。26
例如:Heistooyoungtounderstandthat.他太年轻了,不能理解这件事。Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他足够大去上学了。4.独立动词不定式多用作插入语,表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。例如:Tobehonest,Idon’tknowhowtoswim.说实话,我不知道怎么游泳Tobeginwith,Iwanttoshowmylovetoeveryone.首先,我想向每个人表达我的爱。八、不定式作表语不定式可放在系动词后面,形成表语。例如:例如:Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.我的工作室每天打扫房间。 Hisdreamistobeadoctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。拓展动词作下列单词的补语时,可用动词原形(do),也可用动名词(doing),包括:感官动词(see,watch,lookat,hear,listento,feel)+do表示动作的完整性,真实性,经常发生;+doing表示动作的连续性,进行性。例如:Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实或经常性)Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)典型例题1)Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher___upfromchildhood.A.grow B.grew C.wasgrowing D.togrow 答案:A。因题意为,他们看着她长大,因此强调的是成长的过程,而非正在长的动作,因此用seesb.dosth.的句型。巩固练习1、Hereadtheinstructiontofindouthow____thecomputer.A.useB.touseC.usingD.uses2、Therearesomedangerousfishesinthisriver,andIwarnedJack____here.A.nottoswimB.tonotswimC.swimnottoD.toswimnot3、Thearticlesaidthathehoped____drawingthepicturesoon.A.hissontofinishB.tofinishC.finishD.hissonwillfinish4、Listen!Canyouhearababy______?A.cryB.tocryC.cryingD.cries5、Don’talwaysmakeMike_____thisorthat.Heisalreadyabigboy.A.doB.todoC.doesD.did6、Don’tforget_____theletter.A.tosendB.sendC.sending7、Tellhim______thelight. A.toturnB.nottoturnonC.tonotturnD.nottoturn8、Thankyouverymuch_____thepresent.A.togivemeB.forgivingmeC.givingme9、Ihavenopaper.Couldyougivemeapieceofpaper___?A.towriteinB.writeinC.towriteon10、Ittookusmorethantwohours_______thedinner.A.prepareB.preparingC.toprepareD.tobeprepared26
11、Wefelttheearth_______.A.moveB.movingC.tomoveD.bemoved12、Nobodyknows__________next.A.whattodoB.todowhatC.whichtodoD.howtodo13、Itisveryimportant______us________thesewords.A.to,torememberB.for,torememberC.for,rememberD.for,remembering14、Onmywayhome,Istopped_____somefood.A.buyB.tobuyC.buying15、_______Englishwell,onemusthavealotpractice.A.ForspeakingB.SpeakingC.TospeakD.Speak16、I"mgoingtothelibrary______thebooks.A.returnB.borrowC.toreturnD.tolend17、Thefunnystory_______melaugh.A.makeB.makingC.tomakeD.made18、Afterthefinalexam,Ithinkallthestudentswant_________.A.stoptohavearestB.tostophavingarestC.tostoptohavearestD.stoppingtohavearest第五部分if引导的条件状语从句[课本链接]Ifyoudo,you’llbesorry.(Unit5,SectionA)[定义]:if引导的条件状语从句表示假如从句的动作发生,主句的动作就(不)会发生。[句子结构]if引导的条件状语从句位置灵活,可直接放在主句后面,也可以放在句首。放在句首时,从句后面要用逗号和主句隔开。如:I’llgotoseeyouifIhavetime.如果有时间,我就去看你。Ifitrainstomorrow,we’llstayathome.如果明天下雨,我们就呆在家里。[时态呼应]在复合句中:⑴当主句是一般现在时或是一般将来时时;(2)当主句是祈使句时;(3)当主句含有情态动词时,if引导的条件状语从句通常用一般现在时。用 法例 句① 主句为一般将来时态,if从句用一般现在时态。(主将从现)Wewillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.如果明天下雨,我将要呆在家。② 主句中含有情态动词,if从句用一般现在时态。(主情从现)如:may/might/can/could/must/should/wouldIfyoufinishyourhomework,youcangohomenow.如果你做完了作业,你现在可以回家了。③ 主句为祈使句,if从句用一般现在时态。(主祈从现)Don’tjumpintotheriverifyoufeelveryhot. 如果你感到很热,不要跳入河里。④ 主句为一般现在时时态,if从句用一般现在时态。(主现从现)It’sdangerousifyouplaywiththeknife. 玩儿刀是危险的。26
如:Ifshedoesn’tcome,shewillbesorry.如果她不来,她会遗憾的。Haveagoodrestifyouaretired.如果累了,你就好好休息一下。Wemuststudyhardifwewanttopassthefinalexam.如果想通过期末考试,我们必须努力学习。[同义句转换]1.用“祈使句+and/or+一般将来时的句子”转换。如:Ifyouworkhard,you’llpasstheexameasily.→Workhard,andyou’llpasstheexameasily.努力学习,你将很容易通过考试。Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llmissthetrain.→Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.快点儿,否则你就赶不上火车了。2.用含介词with或without的介词短语转换。如:Ifthereisnowater,fishcan’tlive.→Fishcan’tlivewithoutwater.离开水,鱼不能生存。【边学边做】1.Ifthere_______nobuyingandsellingofanimals,there _______nokillinginnature. A.is;willhe B.willbe;willbe C.is;is D.willbe;is2.Thestudents____haveasportsmeetingthisweekendifit_____.A.won’t;rains B.will;rainsC.won’t;willrain D.aregoingto;isgoingtorain3.Ifyou_____totheparty,you’llhaveagreattime.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.going4.--Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?--We’llgotothelibrarytomorrowifit___.A.isn’trainB.rainC.won’trainD.doesn’train5.IfIeat____food,I’llbeveryfat.A.toomanyB.manytooC.toomuchD.muchtoo6.I’llgivethebooktohimifhe___herenextSunday.A.willcomeB.comesC.iscomingD.came7.Yourteacherwillbeunhappyifyou_______toschoollate.A.comeB.willcomeC.arecomingD.came8.Idon’tknowifhe______.Ifhe________,pleaseletmeknow.A.comes,comesB.willcome,willcomeC.willcome,comesD.comes,willcome9.Ifshe_______heretomorrow,Iwilltellyou.A.comes B.willcome C.come D.came10.—Tomwantstoknowifyouwillhaveapicnictomorrow.—Yes.Butifit______,we’llplaychessinstead.A.willrain B.rained C.israining D.rains11.IfTom_____thegame,we"llgivehimasurprise".26
A.win B.wins C.won D.miming二、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Whatwillyoubuyifyou________(have)alotofmoney?2.Ifit________(notsnow)tomorrow,wewillfeelunhappy.3.Youmustn’tgotoschoolifyou________(be)stillinbed.4.Ifhe_______(be)athomeatthattime,hewouldknowit.5.Pleaseshowmethewayifyou________(know)it.6.Youwillhurtyourteethifyou________(eat)toomuchcandy.7.Ifyougavemeatoycar,I_________(be)veryhappy.8.IwouldgettheprizeifI_________(work)hard.9.Where_____he____(see)thefilmifhe_________(have)time?10.Ifthere_______(be)fewertrees,there_______(be)morepollution.第六部分主谓一致谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。一、“三个一致”原则一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。Thereismuchwaterinthecup. 杯子里有很多水。但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。Tentonsofcoalwereproducedlastyear.去年生产了十吨的煤。1.语法一致的原则(1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数。例如:Hegoestoschoolearlyeverymorning.他每天早上很早去学校。Thechildrenareplayingoutside.孩子们正在外面玩儿Tostudyhardisnecessaryforastudent.努力学习对一个学生来说很必要。(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:Readingandwritingareveryimportant.读和写是很重要的。BothheandIareright.他和我都是对的。但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:Thepoetandwritercomes.诗人兼作家来了。Histeacherandfriendisabeautifulgirl.他的老师兼朋友是一个漂亮地女孩。 (3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:Eachmanandeachwomaniscomingtohelp.每个男人和每个女人都正赶来帮忙。Inourcountry,everyboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.在我们国家,每个男孩儿和每个女孩儿都有权利接受教育。(4)谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语后面跟有with,togetherwith,like,except(除了),but,nolessthan(不少于),aswellas26
(还有,而且)等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。Theteacherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthemuseum.老师和一些学生正在参观博物馆。HeaswellasIwantstogoboating.他还有我想去划船。(5)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family,audience(观众),class,company(公司职员)等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体。 Hisfamilyisn"tverylarge. 他家不是一个大家庭。 Hisfamilyaremusiclovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。但集合名词people,police等在任何情况下都用复数形式。Arethereanypolicearound?附近有警察吗?(6)代词each和由every,some,no,any等与body/one/thing/where构成的复合不定代词作主语,或主语中含有each,every,谓语需用单数。Eachofushasadictionary. 我们每个人有一本字典。Thereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.我的表有点问题。(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:Wherearemyshoes?Ican’tfindthem.我的鞋在哪儿?我找不到它们。 如果这类名词前用了apairof等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.这是新的几双鞋。 Mynewpairofsocksisonthebed.我的一双新袜子在床上。2.意义一致的原则(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:Tenyuanisenough.十块钱足够了。Threeweeksisalongtimetoprepareforatest.三个星期是一段很长的时间去备考。(2)不定代词由all,most,more,some,any,none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如:Alloftheworkhasbeenfinished.所有的工作已经被完成了。Allofthepeoplehavegone.所有的人已经走了。(3)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如:Whoisyourbrother?谁是你哥哥? Whoaresoccerteammembers?谁是足球队成员?(4)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时,其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如:35percentofthedoctorsarewomen.百分之35的医生是女的。 Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.地球四分之三的表面是海洋。(5)用halfof,partof,mostof,therestof等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如:Mostofhismoneyisspentonbooks.他的多数钱被用在买书上。Mostofthestudentsaretakingpartinsports.大多数学生正参加体育活动。26
(6)代词what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most,all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。Allisright.(一切顺利。) Allarepresent. (所有人都到齐了。)(7)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”如:therich(富人);thepoor(穷人);thesick(病人);thedead(死人);theold(老人);theyoung(年轻人);thelost(丢失的)等作主语,往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:Thelosthavebeenfound.丢失的已经被找到了。 Thedeadisafamousperson.那个死者是以为名人。3.邻近一致(就近一致)的原则(1)当either…or…与neither…nor,notonly…butalso 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 Eitheryouorsheisgoing.不是你就是她要走。Neitherthechildrennortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit.不论学生还是老师都不知道这件事。(2)当therebe句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。Thereisapen,aknifeandsomebooksonthedesk. 在桌子上有一只钢笔,一把刀和一些书。Therearetwentyboy-studentsandthirtygirl-studentsintheclass.在我们班里有20个男学生和30个女学生。(3)如果句子是由here,there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。Hereisapen,afewbooksandsomepaperforyou.这是给你的一支钢笔,一些书和一些纸。4.谓语需用单数(1)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。TheArabianNightisabookknowntoloversofEnglish. <<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。(2)指代意义决定谓语的单复数有些名词,如number等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。 anumberof+名词复数+复数动词“大量的” thenumberof+名词复数+单数动词“……的数量” Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis50.我们班学生的数量是50人。Anumberofstudentsareplantingtreesonthehill.许多学生在小山上植树。二、主谓一致常考情况 1.单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式;复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。Thedesk________(is/are)Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。Somewater________(is/are)inthebottle. 一些水在瓶子里。Thestudents________(is/are)playingfootballontheplayground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。2.表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。Twomonths________(is/are)alongholiday.两个月是一个长假。Twentypounds________(is/are)notsoheavy.20磅并不太重。26
Tenmiles_____(is/are)notalongdistance.10英里并不是一段很长的距离。3.主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。Eachboyandeachgirl_____(has/have)gotaseat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Everymanandeverywoman____(is/are)atwork.每个男人和女人都在工作。4.oneandahalf+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。Oneandahalfhours________(is/are)enough. 一个半小时足够了。5.动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Tosee________(is/are)tobelieve. 眼见为实。Doingeyeexercises________(is/are)goodforyoureyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。6.当主语部分(主语是单数时)含有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,besides,except,but,like等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词用单数形式;但“名词+aswellas+名词”时,谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。Mikewithhisfather________(has/have)beentoEngland.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike,likehisbrother,________(enjoy/enjoys)playingfootball.迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。Thestudentsaswellastheteacher________(was/were)presentatthemeeting.开会的时候,学生们和老师都在场。7.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。Thewriterandteacher________(is/are)coming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)Thewriterandtheteacher________(is/are)coming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)Aknifeandfork________(is/are)onthetable. 桌子上放着一副刀叉。8.people,police等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个一个的具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。Peoplehere________(is/are)veryfriendly. 这儿的人很友好。Hisfamily________(is/are)notlarge. 他家的人不多。Myfamilyall________(like/likes)watchingTV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。9.不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,nobody,everything,noone,nothing作主语,谓语动词用单数。________(Is/Are)everyoneheretoday? 今天大家到齐了吗?Something________(is/are)wrongwithhim. 他有毛病。Nobody________(was/were)in. 没有人在家。10.each,either,neither,another,theother作主语,谓语动词用单数。Eachofthem________(has/have)anEnglishdictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。Neitheranswer________(is/are)correct. 两个答案都不正确。11.以—s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news,maths,physics等。Nonews________(is/are)goodnews. 没有消息就是好消息。26
Maths________(is/are)verypopularinourclass 在我们班数学很受欢迎。12.由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;由or, either…or…,neither…nor…, notonly…butalso…, not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。但是如果either,each,neither作主语,则动词为单数形式。EithermywifeorI________(am/is/are)going.Neitheryou,norI,noranyoneelse________(know/knows)theanswer.Notonlyyoubutalsohe________(is/are)readytoleave.Eachofus________(has/have)gotanewstorybook.Neitherofthebooks________(is/are)veryinteresting.13.如果主语是由“aseriesof,akindof,aportionof+等+名词”构成时,动词一般用单数形式。但avarietyof,anumberof+名词复数,动词要用复数形式;而thenumberof+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。Anumberofstudents________(is/are)goingtovisitthisplaceofinterest.Thenumberofthestudents________(is/are)over80014.以here,there开头的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。There________(is/are)abookandthreepensonthedesk.Here________(is/are)somebooksandpaperforyou.15.the+形容词表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式;表示抽象概念时,用单数形式。Thepoor________(is/are)veryhappy,buttherich________(is/are)sad.Thebeautiful________(live/lives)forever. 美是永存的。 主谓一致专题练习一.选择填空1.Allbutone_____herejustnow.A.is B.was C.hasbeen D.were2.---WhenareyougoingtoKunmingforyourholidays? ---Ihaven’tdecided.______thisSunday______nextSundayisOK. A.Both;and B.Either;or C.Neither;nor D.Notonly;butalso3.______Helen______JoanspeaksbeautifulChineseaftertheycametoChina. A.Neither;nor B.Notonly;butalso C.Both;and D.AandB4._______ofthemhashisownopinion. A.Both B.Some C.Every D.Each5.Arethereany_______onthefarm? A.horse B.duck C.chicken D.sheep6.Myshirt_____whiteandmytrousers_____blue.A.are;are B.are;isC.is;is D.is;are7.------Twomonths_______quitealongtime.------Yes.I’mafraidthathewillmissalotoflessons.A.isB.areC.wasD.were8.Theoldmanhastwochildrenbut_____ofthemliveswithhim.A.bothB.noneC.neitherD.all9.Thesingerandthedancer_____cometoBeijing. A.has B.have C.are D.is26
10.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.isB.wasC.areD.were11.Hisfamily_____allverykindandfriendly,andhisfamily______ahappyone. A.are,is B.is,is C.are,are D.is,are12.Ithinkmaths_____verydifficulttolearn.A.isB.areC.hasD.have13.Alargenumberofstudents_____toworkinXingjiang.A.havegoneB.hasgoneC.goesD.isgoing14.Thenumberofthestudentsintheclass______small.A.areB.isC.haveD.were15.There_____alotofgoodnewsintoday’snewspaper.A.isB.areC.wasD.were16.EitherJaneorSteven_____watchingTVnow. A.were B.is C.was D.are17.Twodays_______enoughformetofinishthework,Ineedathirdday. A.isn’t B.is C.aren’t D.are18.—Howmanylessonsdoyouusuallyhaveaday?—Sixlessonsaday.Andeachofthem_____45minutes. A.last B.lasts C.have D.are19.NeitherLiPingnorI_______abasketballplayer. A.am B.is C.be D.are20.There______manynewwordsinLessonOne,butitisveryeasy. A.is B.aren’t C.isn’t D.are21.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool____1200. A.is B.are C.has D.have22.BothLilyandLucy______tothepartyyesterday. A.invited B.wasinvited C.hadinvited D.wereinvited23.Theboywiththetwodogs_____whentheearthquakerockedthecity. A.weresleeping B.issleeping C.wassleeping D.aresleeping24.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therewhenthemeetingbegan. A.are B.is C.were D.was25.Thatplaceisnotinterestingatall.____ofuswantstogothere. A.Neither B.Both C.All D.Some26.NobodybutJane_____thesecret. A.know B.knows C.haveknow D.is27.—What’sontheplate?Someeggsandcakesonit? —There_____someeggsandcakesonit. A.is B.are C.was D.were28.Thispairofglasses______mine. A.are B.be C.is D.willbe26