高中英语语法名词从句 44页

NounClause名词性从句 复习1：句子成份第一种S+VShepromised(yesterday).(主语+谓语动词)+状语第二种：S+V+OShedreameda(good)dream.(主语+谓语动词（+定语）+宾语)第三种：S+V+PSheremainedcalm.(主语+连系动词+表语)第四种：S+V+InO+DOMr.Smith,(theheadmaster,)toldusthenews.(主语（+同位语）+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)第五种：S+V+O+OCIfindthebookinteresting.(主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语) 复习2.主语Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词） 4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句） 复习3.表语1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）2.Isityours?（代词）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）4.Thespeechisexciting.（现在分词或过去分词的形容词）5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词） 6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式：说明主语内容）7.Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词：说明主语内容）8.Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句） 复习3：宾语宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：1.Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词） 4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）5.Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语）6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句） 复习4同位语1.Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.（名词）2.Heisagoodteacher,oneweallrespect.（代词one）3.Theybothagreeontheprice.（代词bothalleach）4.Thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus.（同位语从句） 定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于idea，plan，fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question，thought，belief，conclusion等少数名词。 区别定语从句和同位语从句.Thenews（thattheyhadwonthegame）soonspreadoverthewholeschool.同位语从句Thenews（thatyoutoldmeyesterday）wasreallydisappointing.定语从句 一.认识名词性从句a.subjectclause主语从句b.objectclause宾语从句c.predicativeclause表语从句d.appositiveclause(同位语从句)1.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupofthreecountriesisstillunknowntomany.2.TheresultofsomuchFrenchinfluencewasthattheEnglishlanguageendedupwithmanyFrenchwordssuchastable,animalandage.3.SomepeoplefeelthatWalesisanancientfairyland.4.ThatmostofthesearenowthreatenedandmaydisappearisaseriousmattertothepeopleinBritain.Appositiveclause同位语Predicativeclause表语从句Objectclause宾语从句Subjectclause主语从句 二、名词性从句的连接词连接词在名词性从句中可充当的成份在名词性从句中的意义第一类that不充当无意义whether不充当成份“是否”if不充当成份“是否” that1.Thatheisreadytohelpothersiswell-known.(that引导名词性从句，在从句中没有含义，不充当成分，不能省略。)2.It’swell-knownthatheisreadytohelpothers.(形式主语it代替that-clause)3.Afterchecking(that)thelightshadallbeenturnedoffandthatthedoorshadbeenclosed,heleft.（引导第一个宾语从句的that可省） 4.Theideathatcomputerswillrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.5.Theideaisthatcomputerswillrecognizehumanvoices.(引导同位语从句和表语从句的that不能省) Whether和if是否1.Whethersheiscoming（ornot）doesn’tmattertoomuch.主语从句（whether…ornot）2.Ourfirstquestioniswhetheryoulikemusic.表语从句3.Iwonderwhether/ifitistrueornot.宾语从句4.Theproblemwhetheritisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.同位语从句Whether…or… Whether与if的同与异whether和if引导宾语从句时可以互换使用但下列情况只用whether不用if: 1）在whetherornot结构中a.Idon’tknowwhetherornothe’llcome.B.Iwonderwhether/ifitistrueornot. （2）"介词+宾语从句”Everythingdependsonwhetherthesituationwillimprove. (3)whether+todoPleasetellmewhether/ifyouwillgoornot宾语从句（连接词+主语+谓语）非谓语作宾语(连接词+不定式)b.Pleasetellmewhethertogoornot. （4）引导主语从句,表语从句及同位语从句时Whetherwe’llgodependsontheweather.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.Thequestionwhetheritisworthdoingisunderconsideration. 第二类名词性从句连接词在从句中能充当的成份意义主宾表定第二类连接词whatwhatever√√√√1类别2.所…..（指物）whichwhichever√√√√哪一个(有范围)（指人或物）whowhoever√√√指人whomwhomever√指人whose√所属关系 whatWhatitistobecomeisstillunknown.表语2.Iamwonderingwhatbecameofyou.3.Ihavenoideawhatbooksheiswriting.定语4.Thatwaswhatshedidthismorning.宾语∧∧主语 whatthatwhether1._______surprisedmemostwas______hehadbecomesoold.2._______theearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntoall.3._______sheboughtyesterdaywasquitecheap.4.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.Itisn’t________itusedtobe.5.Thepolicequestioned________therewasanywitness.whatWhatwhatthatThatwhether Which1.Therearesomanypeopleinside.Idon’tknowwhichistheoneyouarelookingfor.主语2.WhatIamconsideringiswhichbookontheshelfwillinterestyou.3.Tellmewhichyouprefer,yelloworred.宾语4.pleasemakesurewhichyourseatis.表语∧定语∧ Who:指人，主、宾(=whom)、表1.Whobrokethewindowisnotknown.who引导主语从句who在从句中充当主语2.Theproblemiswhoheis.who引导表语从句who在从句中充当表语3.Whatshewonderedwaswho(m)Iknow.who(m)引导表语从句who(m)在从句中充当宾语∧∧ Whose:whose+名词+(主)+谓Whosepronunciationisthebestisanopensecret.Theproblemiswhosepronunciationisthebest.Theproblemwhosepronunciationisthebestisbeyondconsideration.Idon’tknowwhosepronunciationisthebest. What和whatever异：意义不同-ever泛指或强调任何...的事物或人;凡是...的东西（人）1.Youmustn’tdowhateverisbadforthecountry.2.Whatyoudidiswrong.3.Whoeverbreakstheschoolruleswillbepunished.4.Theteacherwillfindoutwhobroketherules. Whatever和nomatterwhat1.Iagreewithwhateveryousay.Whatever引导名词性从句,≠nomatterwhat2.Whateveryousay,Iwillagree.whatever引导状语从句，=nomatterwhat 第三类连接词在从句中充当的成份意义第三类when状语时间where状语/表语地点why状语原因how状语方式 whenwherehowwhy1.(_______heworks)isnotfarfromhere.2.------Doyouknow(____hecamehere)?------Bybus.3.Heaskedme____Igraduatedfromuniversity.4.Heiscuriousabout_____Igaveupthewell=paidjob.Wherehowwhenwhy 第四类连接词在从句中充当的成份备注第四类what不充当成份引导的感叹句放在名词从句位置上howHowmuchHowmanyHowoftenHowsoonHowfarHowlong定语/主语/宾语/表语定语/主语/宾语/表语状状状状Howmuch+不可数名词Howmany+复数名词多久一次（表频度）多久以后（问将来时间）多远多久，多长because不充当成份This/ThatisbecauseIaminterestedinit.asifasthough不充当成份Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain. 感叹句放在名词从句位置上Canyouimaginewhatadifficultlifetheyareliving?CanyouimaginewhattroubleIhave?Canyouimaginewhatdifficultieswehave?Canyouimaginehowdifficultalifetheyareliving?Canyouimaginehowfasthecanrun?canyouimaginehowhardlifeis? 区别Thisisbecause-clause和Thisiswhy-clauseThereasonisthat-clause1.Heisill.That‘swhyheisabsentfromschooltoday.原因。That’swhy+结果2.Heisabsent.That’sbecauseheisill.结果。That’sbecause+原因3.Thereason(whyheisabsent)isthatheisill.Thereason(why-clause)isthat-clausewhy+结果that+原因 三、名词性从句的语序问题WhatIhavesaidisbasedonfacts.从句语序1.连接词+主+谓+其它Whateverisagainstlawisbanned.从句语序2.连接词+谓+其它 TrueorFalseIdidn’tknowwhatthematterwaswithher.FalseIdidn’tknowwhatwasthematterwithher. 四、主谓一致问题Thathesurvivedtheaircrashisluck.1.单个从句做主语表单数概念谓语用单数Whenwewillsetoutandhowwewillgotherehaven’tbeendecided.2.两个从句做主语，谓语动词用复数 Whenandwherehewasbornhasnotbeenfoundout.3.两个连接词引导一个从句，单数谓语 a.Whathesaidistrue.b.WhatIboughtarethreeEnglishbooks.4.what/who引导的主语从句,在主系表结构中，要根据表语判断具体所指。 五.it充当形式主语或形式宾语1._____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ItC.ThatD.This答案是：BIt作形式主语 1.Ifindhowwewillgetthereontimeaproblem.主+谓+宾从+补2.Ifinditaproblemhowwewillgetthereontime.主+谓+it+补+宾从It作形式宾语 1.Iknowwhenthemeetingwillrestart.2.Doyouknowwhenthemeetingwillrestart.Doyouknow连接词+主+谓？3.Whendoyouthinkthemeetingwillrestart？连接词doyouthink主+谓（thinksupposebelieveimagine…) 六名词性从句转换成非谓语动词sheaskedwhatshewilldonextSheaskedwhattodonext.Whenwewillsetouthasn’tbeendecided.Whentosetouthasn’tbeendecided.名词从句转换成连接词+todo 七、名词性从句还可做宾补Wewillmakehimwhateverheisfitfor.Hehasmadethecompanywhatitis.