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  • 2022-06-17 16:01:17 发布

高中英语语法情态动词公开

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Unit2GrammarandUsageModalverbs Jack—Ihavegoodnewsforyou!Rose—What?Jack—Theeducationaldepartmenthascarriedoutrulestoreducestudents"toomuchstudyload.Rose—Really?Ifso,Idon’thavetostayuplatetodosomuchhomeworkandmymommayallowmetoplaycomputergames.Jack—ThebestthingIthinkisthatIcanhavemoresparetimetotakeexerciseafterclass.Rose—Sure.Bytheway,whoisyourfavoritesportsstar?Jack—LiuXiang,Ishouldsay.Rose—Tellmesomethingabouthim.Jack—Well,maybeIcanshowyousomephotos. 一.Weusemodalverbstotalkabout:1.Ability(能力)2.Obligation(义务)3.Certainty(可能性)4.Permission(允许) 二.Wealsousemodalverbsto:5.Makerequests(提出请求)6.Makesuggestions(提出建议)7.Makeoffers(提供帮助)8.Giveadvice(提出意见) 1.Ability(能力):LiuXiangcanrunthe110mhurdleracewithin13seconds. can/could:1.can一般表示与生俱来的能力或者一种客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许。LearningEnglish_____bedifficult.canMancannotlivewithoutair._______Iuseyourbike?Can can/could:2.在疑问句中,用could可表示请求,语气较委婉。—____Ihavethetelevisionon?—Yes,you_____./No,you_____CouldHeasksifhe____smokehere.couldcan/maycan’t/I’mafraidnot can/could:3.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)He’ssuchanicepersonthathe______committhecrime!can’t你怎么会如此地粗心!Howcanyoubesocareless!Canthisbetrue? can/could:4.cannever/can’t……too表示“无论怎样…也不过分”,“越…越好”。你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。Youcan’tbetoocarefulwhilecrossingtheroad. Attention:can/beableto区别:Edisonalwayswonderedwhyhenscouldhatch(孵)chickenswhilehewasnotableto.Question:Arethetwomodalverbsinterchangeable(互换)?Ifnot,why?can表示与生俱来的能力或一种客观可能,而beableto更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力,或者在某个客观的场合和背景下,能做到的事情。 Attention:can/beableto区别:AbigfirebrokeoutinABChotelyesterday.Luckily,everyone__________runoutofthebuilding.wasableto2.She_____speakbothEnglishandFrench.can I’msotired!Ihavetodothetrainingforatleast10hoursaday!2.Obligation(义务):…yethemustworkhardtowinthegoldmedal.AlthoughLiuXiangissogiftedinhurdlerace… Attention:advisabilitynecessityoughtto/shouldhavetomustYourmotherbringsyouupandtakesgoodcareofyou,sowhensheisold,you___lookafterherinreturn.A.canB.mayC.havetoD.must ShiDongpengmightwinamedalattheOlympicGames.Althoughthechanceofwinningamedalissmall,I’lltrymybest!3.Certainty(可能性): Attention:veryuncertainalmostcertainmightshouldmustmaycouldoughttowill1.He_____beathome.2.He_____beathome,forhejustcalledmefromhishome15secondsago.A.mayB.mightC.mustA.mayB.mightC.must(can) must表示肯定的猜测,译为“一定”,不能用于否定句或疑问句。Thismustbeyourpen.Hemustbedoinghishomeworknow.Hemusthavearrivedalready.must must2.表示“坚持”(常用于固定句型:ifyoumustdosth.如果你非得要做某事)如果你真的要走,那就悄悄离开。Ifyoumustleave,doitquietly. Attention:—They___bedoingtheexperimentinthelab.—Why?—Becausethelightsarestillburning.A.couldB.canC.mustD.would 4.Permission(允许):MayIeatKFCifIwinthegoldmedal? may/might:1.表示许可。表示请求、允许时,might比may的语气更委婉一些。—Might/MayIuseyourcomputer?—Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t/mustn’t. may/might:2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。3.表示推测、可能(只用于肯定句,疑问句则要用can或could)。祝你成功!Mayyousucceed.Hemaybeverybusynow.Mayyoubehappyallyourlife. 5.Makingrequests(提出要求):Canyouhelpmewithmytraining?Idon’tknowhowtousethisequipment!willcancouldwouldinformalformal 6.Makingsuggestions(提出建议):Shallwedothetraininginthemorning?It’stoohottotakeexerciseintheafternoon. shall:1.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见、向对方请示或提供帮助。1.Shallwebeginourlesson?2.Whenshallhebeallowedtoleavehospital?3.ShallIcarrythisbagforyou? shall:2.Shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。Youshallfailifyoudon‘tworkharder.Heshallbepunishedaccordingtotherule.等我读完这本书,就会给他的。HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.警告威胁允诺 7.Makingoffers(提供帮助):Don’tworry,dear,Iwillwashthemrightaway.Mom,mydirtyclotheshavebeenpiledup!Idon’thavetime…… will/would:1.表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气。sentencepatternWouldyouplease…Wouldyoumind…Wouldrather…Wouldyoulike… will/would:2.表示意志、愿望和决心。Iwillneverdothatagain. will/would:3.可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为“经常、惯于、总是”。1).Theoldman_______haveasmokeunderabigtreeeveryafternoonafterhefinishedhisfarmwork.would 2).门就是打不开!Thedoorwon’topen. will/would:Attention:Iwillgototheparkwithyoutomorrowifyouwilloffermelunch.Question:Isthissentencecorrect?Why?情态动词表示“意愿” 8.Givingadvice(提出意见):Youshouldnot/oughtnottoeatsomuchbeforerunning.Howdelicious!!! should:1.Should表示劝告、建议、命令,其同义词是oughtto;在疑问句中,通常用should代替ought…to。ShouldIopenthewindow?我们应当要相互学习。Weshouldlearnfromeachother. should:2.情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。Rose—Sure.Bytheway,whoisyouridol?Jack—LiuXiang,Ishouldsay.Ishouldadviseyounottodothatagain. 3.should表示意外或惊讶常译为“居然,竟然”。Ican’tbelievesuchagentlemanshouldbesorudetotheold.我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。should: 4.should表示猜测时,一般指按经验或逻辑判断,翻译成“照说应该,估计,想必”should:---WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.---They_____bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need Tobecontinued 三.“情态动词+havedone”的用法(1)musthavedone对过去某事的十分肯定猜测(2)may/mighthavedone对过去某事的可能性猜测(3)can’t/couldn’thavedone对过去某事的否定猜测(4)should/oughttohavedone过去应该做而未做(5)shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone过去不应该做而实际上做了(6)needn’thavedone本没有必要做的事实际却做了(7)couldhavedone本来能够做的(有能力做)事实际却未做到 Let"shaveatry! PracticeWithsomuchworkonhand,you____toseethegamelastnight.A.mustn’tgoB.couldhavegoneC.shouldn’tgoD.shouldn’thavegone2.Therewasplentyoftime.She____.A.mustn’thavehurriedB.couldn’thavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.needn’thavehurried Practice3.–IsawMaryinthelibraryyesterday. --You_____her.Sheisstillabroad. A.mustn’tseeB.can’thaveseen C.mustn’thaveseenD.couldn’tsee4.AuntMary______thetrain,otherwiseshewouldhavearrivedherebynow. A.musthavemissedB.shouldhavemissed C.hadmissedD.mightmiss 四.可兼做行为动词的情态动词:need、dare情态动词(+动词原形)行为动词needdare1.无人称和数的变化;2.尤其用于:*否定句及疑问句中;*在if/whether之后;*或与hardly,never,noone,nobody连用;3.常以needn’t和daren’t的形式出现;4.dare有其过去时dared.多用于肯定句;(sb.)needtododaretodo(sth.)needtobedone(sth.)needdoing Hedaren’tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?判断正误:Hedaren’ttospeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,didhe?Thesedishesneedbecleanedcarefully.Thesedishesneedtobecleanedcarefully.Thesedishesneedcleaningcarefully. 五.表示否定的情态动词的用法:部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一。mustn’t不准,禁止needn’t没必要(=don’thaveto)can’t不能;不可能maynot不可以;可能不shouldn’t不应该(=oughtnotto) Howcanwedealwithexercisesconcerningmodalverbs?Functions&usageofmodalverbsLanguagecontext(上下文、语境)ThinkingFunctions&usageofmodalverbsLanguagecontext(上下文、语境) HomeworkReviewtheusageofmodalverbsandfinishtheexercisepaper Thankyou!